APES September 7, 2010APES September 7, 2010

Review Questions #2-15 Initial on Review Questions #2-15 Initial on Assignment sheetAssignment sheet

Pick up Chapter 1 Learning Targets on StoolPick up Chapter 1 Learning Targets on Stool Go over outline of Major Topics & Questions Go over outline of Major Topics & Questions

on past testson past tests Graph World Population ExtrapolationGraph World Population Extrapolation Notes Chapter 1Notes Chapter 1 AP TEST DATE!! Monday May 2, 2011 8 AP TEST DATE!! Monday May 2, 2011 8

AM!!AM!!

APES September 8, 2010APES September 8, 2010

Homework: Questions 16,19,20 page 19Homework: Questions 16,19,20 page 19 Log onto web page to see Rule of 70’sLog onto web page to see Rule of 70’s Complete World Population GraphComplete World Population Graph Notes on Chapter 1Notes on Chapter 1 FRQ tomorrow with instructions on how to FRQ tomorrow with instructions on how to

complete them…complete them… Quiz on Friday Quiz on Friday

Rule of 70’s explained!Rule of 70’s explained! Natural log of 2 is 0.693 Natural log of 2 is 0.693

or about .70or about .70 Natural log of eNatural log of ertrt is rt is rt If you start with quantity If you start with quantity

Q, & it grows at a rate Q, & it grows at a rate “r” for “t” years then“r” for “t” years then

Q=QQ=Q00eert rt (if r = 2%, use (if r = 2%, use

r =.02 in the formula)r =.02 in the formula) The doubling time will The doubling time will

be when Q = 2Qbe when Q = 2Q0 0

Solving for t: Solving for t: 2Q2Q00=Q=Q00eertrt

2=e2=ertrt

1n(2)=rt (taking 1n each 1n(2)=rt (taking 1n each side)side)

.70=rt.70=rt t=.70/r t=.70/r since r is a % we since r is a % we

change to decimal 2% - > change to decimal 2% - > 0.02 so 0.02 so

t = .70/.02 or =70/2=35yrst = .70/.02 or =70/2=35yrs

Chapter 1Chapter 1

Environmental Environmental Problems, Their Causes, Problems, Their Causes,

and Sustainabilityand Sustainability

What is Environmental Science?What is Environmental Science?

The goals of environmental science are to The goals of environmental science are to learn:learn: how nature works.how nature works. how the environment effects us.how the environment effects us. how we effect the environment.how we effect the environment. how we can live more sustainably without how we can live more sustainably without

degrading our life-support system.degrading our life-support system.

Key ConceptsKey ConceptsKey ConceptsKey Concepts

Growth and Sustainability Growth and Sustainability

Resources and Resource Use Resources and Resource Use

Pollution Pollution

Causes of Environmental Problems Causes of Environmental Problems

September 9, 2010September 9, 2010

Check off questions for homework 16, 19,20Check off questions for homework 16, 19,20 FRQ – free response questionFRQ – free response question Go over scoring rubricGo over scoring rubric

Notes on PowerPointNotes on PowerPoint

Quiz on Chapter 1 TomorrowQuiz on Chapter 1 Tomorrow

World Population Graph

Core Case Study: Core Case Study: Living in an Exponential AgeLiving in an Exponential Age

Human population growth: Human population growth: JJ-shaped curve-shaped curve

Figure 1-1Figure 1-1

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

ExponentialGrowth

ExponentialGrowth

Doubling Time/Rule of 70

Doubling Time/Rule of 70

Fig. 1-2 p. 4Fig. 1-2 p. 4

LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLYLIVING MORE SUSTAINABLY

… … the study of how the earth works, how we the study of how the earth works, how we interact with the earth and how to deal with interact with the earth and how to deal with environmental problems.environmental problems.

Figure 1-2Figure 1-2

Sustainability, is the ability of earth’s various Sustainability, is the ability of earth’s various systems to survive and adapt to systems to survive and adapt to environmental conditions indefinitely.environmental conditions indefinitely.

The steps to sustainability must be The steps to sustainability must be supported by sound science.supported by sound science.

Figure 1-3Figure 1-3

Sustainability: The Integrative ThemeSustainability: The Integrative Theme

Environmentally Sustainable SocietiesEnvironmentally Sustainable Societies

… … meets basic needs of its people in a just meets basic needs of its people in a just and equitable manner without degrading the and equitable manner without degrading the natural capital that supplies these resources.natural capital that supplies these resources.

Figure 1-4Figure 1-4

POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Economic growth provides people with more Economic growth provides people with more goods and services.goods and services. Measured in gross domestic product (GDP) and Measured in gross domestic product (GDP) and

purchasing power parity (PPP).purchasing power parity (PPP). Economic development uses economic Economic development uses economic

growth to improve living standards.growth to improve living standards. The world’s countries economic status The world’s countries economic status

(developed vs. developing) are based on their (developed vs. developing) are based on their degree of industrialization and GDP-PPP.degree of industrialization and GDP-PPP.

Global OutlookGlobal Outlook

Comparison of Comparison of developed and developed and developing countries.developing countries.

Figures 1-5 and 1-6Figures 1-5 and 1-6

Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development

Developed Countries(US, Canada, Japan, Australia, NZ, Europe)

Developed Countries(US, Canada, Japan, Australia, NZ, Europe)

Developing Countries Developing CountriesPositive Aspects(Life expectancy doubled, food production outpaces population growth, SDW increase, more goods/less materials, pollution decline in developed countries)

Positive Aspects(Life expectancy doubled, food production outpaces population growth, SDW increase, more goods/less materials, pollution decline in developed countries)

Negative Aspects(Life expectancy and pollution control lag in developing countries, unsustainable natural resource use, population competing with wildlife habitats, self-inflict climate changes)

Negative Aspects(Life expectancy and pollution control lag in developing countries, unsustainable natural resource use, population competing with wildlife habitats, self-inflict climate changes)

GlobalizationGlobalization

ECONOMIC- Global economy has grown from $6.6 billion in 1950 to $47 trillion in 2002. (Trade)

ECONOMIC- Global economy has grown from $6.6 billion in 1950 to $47 trillion in 2002. (Trade)

Information and Communication(Internet)Information and Communication(Internet)

Environmental Effects(Transport of species/disease)Environmental Effects(Transport of species/disease)

Aspects of Economic GrowthAspects of Economic Growth

* Provides goods and services for people* Provides goods and services for people

* Is encouraged by population* Is encouraged by population

* Is encouraged by increased consumption* Is encouraged by increased consumption

RESOURCESRESOURCES

PerpetualPerpetual: : On a human time scale On a human time scale are continuous.are continuous.

RenewableRenewable:: On a human time scale On a human time scale can be replenished rapidly (e.g. can be replenished rapidly (e.g. hours to several decades).hours to several decades).

NonrenewableNonrenewable: : On a human time On a human time scale are in fixed supply.scale are in fixed supply.

ResourcesResources

Perpetual Perpetual

Renewable Renewable

Non-renewable Non-renewable

Fig. 1-6 p. 9Fig. 1-6 p. 9

Renewable ResourcesRenewable Resources

Sustainable Yield Sustainable Yield

Environmental Degradation(exceeding sustainable yield)

Environmental Degradation(exceeding sustainable yield)

Tragedy of the Commons Tragedy of the Commons

Nonrenewable ResourcesNonrenewable Resources

Exist as fixed quantityExist as fixed quantity Becomes economically Becomes economically

depleted.depleted. Recycling and reusing Recycling and reusing

extends supplyextends supply Recycling processes waste Recycling processes waste

material into new material.material into new material. Reuse is using a resource Reuse is using a resource

over again in the same form.over again in the same form.

Figure 1-8Figure 1-8

Non-Renewable ResourcesNon-Renewable Resources

Energy Resources Energy Resources

Metallic Resources Metallic Resources

Non-MetallicResources

Non-MetallicResources

Reuse Reuse

Recycle Recycle Economic DepletionFig. 1-7 p. 10

Our Ecological FootprintOur Ecological Footprint

Humanity’s ecological Humanity’s ecological footprint has exceeded footprint has exceeded earths ecological earths ecological capacity.capacity. Figure 1-7Figure 1-7

PollutionPollution

What is pollution? What are the two types of pollution?

What is pollution? What are the two types of pollution?

SourcesSources

Point Point

Nonpoint Nonpoint

POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Found at high enough Found at high enough levels in the levels in the environment to cause environment to cause harm to organisms.harm to organisms.

Figure 1-9Figure 1-9

Effects of PollutionEffects of Pollution

Pollutants can have three types of unwanted Pollutants can have three types of unwanted effects:effects:

1) Can disrupt/degrade life support systems1) Can disrupt/degrade life support systems 2) Can damage health and property2) Can damage health and property 3) Can create nuisances such as noise and 3) Can create nuisances such as noise and

unpleasant smells, tastes, and sights.unpleasant smells, tastes, and sights.

Dealing With PollutionDealing With Pollution

Prevention (Input Control) Prevention (Input Control)

Cleanup (Output Control) Cleanup (Output Control)

Solutions: Prevention vs. CleanupSolutions: Prevention vs. Cleanup

Problems with relying on cleanup:Problems with relying on cleanup: Temporary bandage without Temporary bandage without

improvements in control technology.improvements in control technology. Often removes a pollutant from one Often removes a pollutant from one

part of the environment to cause part of the environment to cause problems in another.problems in another.

Pollutants at harmful levels can cost Pollutants at harmful levels can cost too much to reduce them to too much to reduce them to acceptable levels.acceptable levels.

Major Environmental ProblemsMajor Environmental Problems

Air PollutionAir Pollution

Examples: urban air pollution, acid deposition, Examples: urban air pollution, acid deposition, outdoor pollutants, indoor pollutants, noiseoutdoor pollutants, indoor pollutants, noise

Major Environmental ProblemsMajor Environmental Problems

Waste ProductionWaste Production

Examples: Solid waste, hazardous wasteExamples: Solid waste, hazardous waste

Major Environmental ProblemsMajor Environmental Problems

Water PollutionWater Pollution

Examples: Sediment, nutrient overload, toxic Examples: Sediment, nutrient overload, toxic chemicals, infectious agents, oxygen chemicals, infectious agents, oxygen depletion, pesticides, oil spills, excess heatdepletion, pesticides, oil spills, excess heat

Major Environmental ProblemsMajor Environmental Problems

Biodiversity DepletionBiodiversity Depletion

Examples: habitat destruction, habitat Examples: habitat destruction, habitat degradation, extinctiondegradation, extinction

Major Environmental ProblemsMajor Environmental Problems

Food Supply ProblemsFood Supply Problems

Examples: Overgrazing, farmland loss and Examples: Overgrazing, farmland loss and degradation, wetland loss and degradation, degradation, wetland loss and degradation, overfishing, coastal pollution, soil erosion, overfishing, coastal pollution, soil erosion, soil waterlogging, water shortages, poor soil waterlogging, water shortages, poor nutritionnutrition

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: CAUSES AND CONNECTIONSCAUSES AND CONNECTIONS

The major causes of environmental The major causes of environmental problems are:problems are: Population growthPopulation growth Wasteful resource useWasteful resource use PovertyPoverty Poor environmental accountingPoor environmental accounting Ecological ignoranceEcological ignorance

Connections between Environmental Connections between Environmental Problems and Their CausesProblems and Their Causes

Figure 1-14Figure 1-14

Is Our Present Course Sustainable?Is Our Present Course Sustainable?

Does Sustainable Development clash with Does Sustainable Development clash with Economic Development?Economic Development?

Who should we believe?Who should we believe?

Environmental WorldviewsEnvironmental Worldviews

Planetary Management1. We’re in charge,2. There’s always more,3. All economic growth is good,4. Success depends on understanding, controlling, and

managing the earth for our benefit.

Planetary Management1. We’re in charge,2. There’s always more,3. All economic growth is good,4. Success depends on understanding, controlling, and

managing the earth for our benefit.

Environmental Wisdom1. Nature’s in charge,2. Some things are limited,3. Technology and economic growth can be bad,4. Success depends on learning how the earth adapts and

integrating how nature acts in to how we act.

Environmental Wisdom1. Nature’s in charge,2. Some things are limited,3. Technology and economic growth can be bad,4. Success depends on learning how the earth adapts and

integrating how nature acts in to how we act.

Poverty and Environmental ProblemsPoverty and Environmental Problems

1 of 3 children 1 of 3 children under 5, suffer under 5, suffer from severe from severe malnutrition.malnutrition.

Figure 1-12 and 1-13Figure 1-12 and 1-13

Natural capital degradationNatural capital degradation

The exponential increasing flow of material The exponential increasing flow of material resources through the world’s economic resources through the world’s economic systems depletes, degrades and pollutes the systems depletes, degrades and pollutes the environment.environment.

Figure 1-11Figure 1-11

Resource Consumption and Resource Consumption and Environmental ProblemsEnvironmental Problems

UnderconsumptionUnderconsumptionOverconsumptionOverconsumption

Affluenza: unsustainable addiction to Affluenza: unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism.overconsumption and materialism.