APES 10/21 and 10/22

No Warm-up today!

Get a laptop for note-taking

Learning Targets

I can explain the key components of the 5 major cycles of matter (CHNOPS)

Cycles of Matter

What Molecules do Organisms Need?

How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Cycling of MATTER in Ecosystems Organisms need energy AND matter to

survive

Ex: molecules to build bones, muscle, fat While energy flows in one direction,

matter recycles in ecosystems The most important molecules that recycle

are water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and oxygen

(CHNOPS)

The Water Cycle

Water is necessary for organisms to maintain an internal balance and to transport molecules like sugars and enzymes

Water is a renewable resource that we access through a water shed

Water shed = area of land that catches rain and snow and drains or seeps into a marsh, stream, river, lake or groundwater

The Water Cycle

Transpiration

Evaporation

Precipitation

Condensation

Runoff

The Carbon Cycle

Required for all living organisms on earth Needed to make DNA, proteins, fats,

sugars In nature, found as CO2 (gas) and many

solids (in alive and dead organisms) Photosynthesis and respiration are key

processes to keeping the cycle going

Photosynthesis and RespirationPhotosynthesis (by plants)

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

Respiration (by most organisms)

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Carbondioxide Water Sugar Oxygen

sunlight

Carbondioxide WaterSugar Oxygen

Photosynthesis and Respiration Note how the OUTPUT of photosynthesis is

the same as the INPUT of respiration Note how the OUTPUT of respiration is the

same as the INPUT of photosynthesis

Matter CYCLES back and forth between photosynthesis and respiration.

This is where oxygen is recycled, too!

The Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen is a key component of proteins and DNA

Nitrogen is present as gas in the atmosphere turned into a solid plants to use it

Nitrogen fixation- bacteria (land) or cyanobacteria (aquatic) turn N2 (gas) into NH3 and NH4

+ (solids)

Denitrification- bacteria in sediments of aquatic areas convert solids back into gas

Nitrogen Cycle

Ammonification also adds to NH3 in the soil. Process of decomposers converting detritus and eventually ammonia.

Nitrification- another type of bacteria convert the NH3 and NH4

+ solids into nitrate ions (NO3-) for plants to assimilate (absorb)

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle- Human Impacts Make sure to include impact of excess

nitrates/eutrophication, burning of fossil fuels, use of fertilizers that increases denitrification (research!)

The Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorus is an important building block of

DNA and ATP; all living things must have phosphorus

P is found in rocks, and enters food webs when plants take up phosphorus found in soil

Only one that doesn’t cycle through the atmosphere! (no gaseous form)

P is a limiting factor for primary productivity because it isn’t easy for plants to acquire.

Major human impact: phosphate run-off (research)

The Sulfur Cycle

Most sulfur is found in oceanic sediments, rock and mineral layers on earth

Enters atmosphere through burning of fossil fuels, volcanic activity, forest fires, release of hydrogen sulfide by respiring bacteria

S is an impurity in coal and petroleum (human impact = burning of coal leading to smog and acid rain)

More than you need to know!

Project Work Time!

You have an hour to work on your flipbook Use the rubric! Please! Next time: quiz on all cycles of matter