apec phumpiu peru’s land management-ecosystems final web phumpiu_apec n… · peru and latin...
TRANSCRIPT
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PERU: LAND MANAGEMENT, FOOD SECURITY, WATER SECURITY AND INSTITUTIONS
Patricia Phumpiu, PhD
APEC, November 2012. Chiang Mai, Thailand
PERU Central Western South America.
Surface area : 1.285 million km2.
Population: 29.5 million as of 2010 .
3 Natural Regions: Coast, Sierra (Mountains) and Jungle.
Three main hydrographic regions: Pacific, Amazon and Titicaca
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Titicaca.
Geographic, Economic and Cultural differences.
Contribution to the GDP income is much higher along the Coast, particularly in Lima, the capital.
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POPULATION DENSITY IN PERU: 1993 AND 2007
3Source:National Statistical Institute - INEI
GDP in agriculture by region
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Objectives of presentation
o Presenting land management Peru
o Agriculture and production
o Institutions and tools for management: Ecosystem services
o Thoughts for food
REGIONAL GROWTH RATES
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20
25
Rents of primary resources over time in Peru
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10
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Coal rents (% of GDP)
Forest rents (% of GDP)
Mineral rents (% of GDP)
Natural gas rents (% of GDP)
Oil rents (% of GDP)
Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)
-5
0
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
LAND USE & AGRICULTURE
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Area according to land useSector % GDP
Agriculture 8Fishing 1Mining 6Manufacturing 15Construction 6Commerce 15Electricity 2Taxes 10Services 37
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10Source: Kuroiwa, 2012
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Type 1Non traditional exportation100 000 H
AGRICULTURE TYPOLOGY
100,000 Ha.
Type 2: Extensive Agriculture1’200,000 Ha.
Type 3. Agricwith potential exportation
Type 4:Surviving agric.400,000 families
Water & Land pressures Ecosystem services pressures
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECOSYSTEM SERVICESAND SOCIAL WELFARE
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
SustainSOCIAL WELFARE COMPONENTS Security Basic needs
• Nutrients cycles
• Soil formation• Photosynthesis
Provide• Agriculture• Farming • Freshwater• Wood and
fibers • Biofuels
Cultural• Aesthetic value • Spiritual • Educative
y• Personal • Resources • Environment
• Adequate incomes
• Healthy food • Housing
Health • Vitality• Access to
clean water/air
Positive social relationships
• Social cohesion
Regulation• Weather control• Hydric regulation• Reduces diseases spread• Water purification
Educative • Touristic
clean water/air • Well-being
cohesion• Respect • Group support
Freedom • The opportunity for people
to achieve what they want to do and being.
INSTITUTIONS&
ECOSYSTEM SERVICESECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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INSTITUTIONS
On Land tenure
2008- legislative efforts to secure land ownership Right of land ownership and inheritance Land tenure in respect to economic regimen. Chapter IV of constitution of 1993: about agrarian regimen
and “peasants and native communities”. On interpretation changes reduces significatively the protection of communal lands lands.
These changes have cause more confusion and problems due to the interpretation and application of law.
LAND AND WATER GOVERNANCE
Administration Political Systems
What is missing ?Scope of the process
G
Government InterestsCivil organizations
interests Negotiations
Financial mechanismsLawsRegulationsImplementationService providers
Social
Civil Society Development
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PERU :TOOLS FOR AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Funds by contest: “Agroemprende” Users don't have to pay back the money if they accomplish the project.
Program for compensations for competitiveness
Projects: Innovation and competitiveness for the Agro Peruano (INCAGRO)
Funds by contest Fund for the development of strategic services (FDSE)
Agrorural: Rural development
Specialized institutions: Program of sub sectorial irrigations (PSI) National institute of agriculture innovation (INIA) National service of agriculture sanitization (SENASA)
Incentives for ecosystem
services
Incentives for ecosystem servicesare not only material
services
Regulation and management
Cancelation of rights
Public investment
Infrastructure
Moral persuation
Information
Economic persuation
Payments
Fines Technology Education Compensations
Taxes deduction
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EVALUATION OF TOOLS FOR MAINTENANCE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Equity Environmental effectiveness Economic efficiency Administrative feasibility Acceptability
THOUGHTS FOR FOOD
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Peru and Latin America: An incomplete land reform
Divergence between the Asians Tigers and Latin America. Very similar in economic and social indicators in the 1960s Very similar in economic and social indicators in the 1960s,
were now on virtually opposite ends of the development spectrum.
Success of Asian land reforms and of the shared growth model.
Elements that distinguish success from failure: (1) inclusive policies; (2) individual land ownership/rights; (2) individual land ownership/rights; (3) clear, marketable title to land’ (4) democratic redistribution mechanisms; and (5) post-distribution extension support.
INTEGRATION vs COORDINATION and/orCONCEPT WISE?
What is the scope of water as a resource-social ? Institutional system didn’t work. Decision makingy g
by each entity on their own. Interrupt the institutional entities, Is water paradigm a failure? What are the components for water to take in
account in water & land management + account in water & land management ecosystems?
Moderns paradigms of Management to includeEnvironmental Services?
