apa style. what is an apa style? a format for citing sources and typing research papers in the...
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What is an APA style?
A format for citing sources and typing research papers in the social sciences developed by the American Psychological Association (APA).
Cover page
The page header The running head The title (summarize the main idea of the
paper) The identification information
Page header
First two or three words of your title or two very important words in your title,
Upper right hand corner of every page Five spaces between the header and page
number)
The running head
Abbreviated title Does not exceed 50 characters Just below the header, flush left All uppercase letters
The title
Summarize the main idea of the paper Very simple, fully explanatory Upper and lowercase letters Centered Double spaced if it is more than two lines 10-12 words
The identification information
The title, your name and institutional affiliation
Your name should be: Upper and lower case letters Centered and double-spaced one line below
the title
Abstract
The page header The title (Type Abstract centered one double
space line above abstract's body). The body (brief summary one paragraph not
exceeding 960 characters)
The text
The page header The title The body (double spaced in paragraph form) The headings and subheadings 8.5x11 inches, margins of 1 inch on all sides 12 Times New Roman 5 and 7 spaces indented paragraph
The headings and subheadings
Level 1Centered upper and lowercase heading Level 2Centered, italicized, upper and lowercase
heading Level 3Flush left, italicized, uppercase and lowercase
heading
The headings and subheadings
Level 4
Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period
Level 5
Centered uppercase heading
If two levels, use 1 and 3
If three levels, use 1, 3 and 4.
Abbreviations
Spell out the first time when abbreviating terms
Multiple Intelligence (MI)cf.compare, etc.and so forth e.g.,for examplei.e.,that iset al.and othersvs.versus, against
Abbreviations
Do not use periods with the followings
cm centimeter,s seconds
Mg milligrams, min minutes, g grams
Hr hours
M mean
IQ intelligence
Numbers
0-9 spelled out except figure, table numbers and metric measurement
10 and above, write in numbers
Tables
Tables No vertical lines Table number e.g. Table 1 Next double spaced line: Table title flush left
and italicized. No periods used after the table number or
title.
Figures
Start on a new page. Center the phrase Figure Captions at the top.
Each figure caption is typed flush left in block format.
The word 'figure' and the number are italicized, for example, Figure 1. The effects of...
References in the text
A direct quote (Smith, 1998, p.265)Smith (1998) states that “whether paraphrasing
or quoting, you must credit the source” (p.35).
If any material is left within sentence, use …If any material is left between two sentences,
use …. It is stated that “whether paraphrasing or
quoting, you must credit the source” (Smith, 1998, p.35).
References in the text
Paraphrasing with one author (Smith, 1998)
Smith (1998) states, it is important to explain the references
Smith (1998) states that …………
It is important to explain the references (Smith, 1998).
References in the text
Paraphrasing with two authors (Smith & Bradley, 1998).
Smith and Bradley (1998) mentioned that ….
It was mentioned that …. (Smith & Bradley, 1998).
References in the text
With three to five authors first time (Smith, Bradley & Sean, 1998).
Smith, Bradley and Sean (1998) stated that
It was stated that ….. (Smith, Bradley & Sean, 1998).
References in the text
With three to five authors after first time (Smith et al., 1998).
Smith et al. (1998) state, ………..If at the end of the sentence, use (Smith et al.,
1998).With six or more authors (Smith et al., 1998). With no author, use the first identifying words
of the title (“Journey”, 1998).
References in the text
Secondary source
You read an article Smith (1998)
In that article, it refers to Osborne (1996)
Osborne (as cited in Smith, 1998) suggests the use of citations. In the reference section, put Smith (1998).
References
Journal articleSmith, B., & Cornell, J. (1991). Apa guide.
Journal of APA, 38, 1189-1192.Smith, B., & Cornell, J. (1991). Apa guide.
Journal of APA, 38 (9), 1189-1192. Book Smith, B. (1990). APA guide. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
References
A web sitePlonsky, M. (2004). Psychology with style: A
hypertext writing guide (Version 5). Retrieved from the Web January 10, 2004. http://www.uwsp.edu/psych/apa4b.htm
Edited bookMarshall, F. D. (Ed.). (2000). Apa style. Atlanta:
Kluwer Publications.
References
An article in an edited book
Cicero, T. J. (1979). A critique of animal analogues of alcoholism. In E. Majchrowicz & E. P. Noble (Eds.), Biochemistry and pharmacology of ethanol (Volume 2, pp. 31-59). New York: Plenum Press.
References
Groups as authors
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1971). Alcohol and Health. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.