APA FormattingUSE THIS PRESENTATION AS A GUIDE WHEN YOU ARE WRITING YOUR ARTICLE REVIEW

American Psychological Association (APA) FormattingDeveloped in order to standardize research documents submitted for publication.Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed.APA Styles Essential handoutThis PowerPoint

APA Formatting addresses:The style of writingThe overall formatting of a paper.Citations within the text of the paper.The reference page.

Overall Style of writing

USE 3rd person

He, she, it , him, her, his, hersThey, them their, theirs

DO NOT USE 1st personI, me, my, mineWe, us, our, ours

DO NOT USE 2nd personYou, your, yours

Verb tense

Active voiceTo clarify who is doing whatRespondents completed the questionnaire in 15 minutes.NOT The questionnaire was completed in 15 minutes by the respondent.

Passive voiceTo clarify who or what received the action, not the person or people responsible.Traditional IQ tests were administered as part of the admissions process.The use of the tests is emphasized, not the givers of the tests

Past tenseTo place an action in the past or to describe previous researchBradshaw and Hines (2005) summarized their results in one incisive paragraph.

Present perfect tenseTo describe an action that began in the past and continues to the presentIn the years since, researchers have incorporated Piagets methods in a variety of studies of children.

Word ChoiceChoose words carefully to communicate ideas effectivelyLess is usually better

Jargon and or SlangDont use.

ColloquialismsWrite like a professional not like you talk.Report vs. write-upReviewed vs. looked at7% rather than a fewMeeting rather than get-together

SpecificityThe credibility of research depends on using language that communicates clearly.Choose words that are as specific as possible.

Biased LanguageDont useEmotional - extremeIt is of the utmost importance.Happiness depends totally on.BiasedRacialGender

Formatting

NO UNDERLINING

Margins1 margins top bottom side

AlignmentLeft alignment

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Line SpacingDouble-spaced throughout the entire document.No additional spacing between paragraphs, headings, etc.

Font Type & SizeTime New Roman or Courier12 point

Paragraph Indentation & Page NumbersAll paragraphs indented .5 (5 spaces)Page numbers upper right corner

1

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Intext (Parenthetical) Citations

NO DROPPED IN QUOTES!!

NO!A traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena (Caruth & Green, 1996, p. 11).

YES!Caruth and Green (1996) state that a traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena (p. 11).

When Should You Use Parenthetical Citations?When quoting any words that are not your ownQuoting means to repeat another source word for word, using quotation marks.

Citing Quotes in Your TextAuthors last name, publication year, and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text or in the citation.

ExampleAuthors last names in the text---Date and page number are in the citation.

Caruth and Green (2006) state that a traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena (p. 11).

Note: only last names are usedNote: and is spelled out when in the textNote: the period comes after the citation NOT inside of the quotation marks

ExampleAuthors names, date, page number are all in the citation.

According to some studies a traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena (Caruth & Green, 1996, p. 11).

Note: & is used in the citation.Note again: the period comes after the citation NOT inside of the quotation marks.

Examples of how citations noted with different numbers of authors.

Work with one author(Smith, 1998, p. 11)

Work with two authors(Smith & Jones, 1998, p. 11)Note: both authors will always be included.

Work with three to five authorsFirst citation all authors listed(Smith, Jones, White, & Green, 1998, p. 11)Subsequent citations(Smith et al., 1998, p. 11)Note: the punctuation of et al.

Work with six or more authors(Smith et al., 1998, p. 12)

What if you quote a quote?Example: You are reading an article by Elwell (2012) and on page 13 you read the following.In a recent article Smith (2011) states 2013 will be the hottest summer this decade (p. 6). If this is the case, the swimming pool industry should make more money than it has in recent years.

In YOUR paper you want to:Use the quote by SmithAnd also want to Quote Elwell

IN YOUR PAPER you write:Several experts have commented on the summer of 2013. According to Smith 2013 will be the hottest summer this decade (as cited in Elwell, 2012, p. 13). Elwell (2013) adds the swimming pool industry should make more money than it has in the recent years (p. 13).

Note the followingAs cited in is used because you are using a direct quote made by Smith BUT you are reading it in the article by Elwell (you are not reading Smiths 2012 article).Reference page will only include an entry for Elwell, because that is the article you are reading.

Reference PageThe reference page includes entries only for citations that are included in the text of the paper.Note: Your reference page for your article review will include only one entry that of the article you are reviewing.

Formatting of Reference Page1 marginsDouble SpaceNo underlining or Boldface12 point Courier or New Times Roman Font

Formatting Reference PageAlphabetize entries by last name of first author.First line of each entry flush leftSecond line of each entry indent 5Period at end of each entry UNLESS the entry ends with a web address

All citations should contain the following information:Authors nameTitle of workPublication information

Reference Page

Note CapitalizationPunctuationAuthors Full Last Name Authors Initial of first nameAuthors Middle Initial if includedUse of italics

References: Some Examples

References: Some Examples from JournalsKlein, J. (1998). Dizzy days. The New Yorker, 15(7), 40-45.

Smith, J. O., & Klein, J. (1992). The study of mind versus matter. Educational Research, 12(15), 22 - 30.

Study the basics of APA citation format. When something odd comes up, dont guess. Look it up!

Use the reference pages in the text as a guide.Reference Page

ReferenceAmerican Psychological Association. (2010).

Publication manual of the American

Psychological Association (6th ed.).

Washington, DC.

**Key Concepts: The next two slides explain the occasions in which APA citations will be necessary, as well as explains the differences between quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing. Students will be most familiar with the need to site for quotations, but the facilitator should stress that if the idea comes from someone else, the source material should be cited.*Examples: The two examples in this slide illustrate methods for including parenthetical citations in the text. If the authors name is listed in the preceding sentence, only the publication year and page number of the quotation should appear in the parenthetical citation following the sentence. If the authors name does not appear within the sentence, the parenthetical citation should include the authors last name, the publication year, and the page number. In either case, a reader should be able to cross-reference back to the reference page and locate all of the publication information needed to find Cathy Caruths book:

Caruth, Cathy (1996). Unclaimed experience: trauma, narrative, and history. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP.

Key Concepts: When referring generally to an article or book (rather than to a specific passage) the author should include the last name of the author and the publication year in the parenthetical reference. The facilitator may also note that the parenthetical reference is located before the period.*Rationale: This slide shows the basic information needed for entries on the reference page.*Examples: This slide provides examples of a few commonly used citation formats. The facilitator should note that titles of books, magazines, journals, and newspapers should be italicized or underlined.*Activity: This slide allows participants a moment to ask questions of the facilitator. If students are working on a research assignment, they may have specific questions that pertain to their own papers. The facilitator may answer questions using the APA Handbook or the APA handout from the Writing Lab.