APA, avoiding Plagiarism

CMGT Writing Workshop 2Fall 2014Robinson

The principles of APA in-text citation

• Year & date for all citations• Additional documentation for direct quotations

Direct quotation

• Paginated source• Page number in ()

Note: although this article quotes a source’s title, you should not.

Direct quotation

Direct quotation

• Non-paginated source• Cite paragraph numbers if provided• If no para. numbers are provided, quote the heading then count paragraphs

. . . : “Empirical studies have found mixed results on the efficacy of labels in educating consumers and changing consumption behavior” (Golan, Kuchler, & Krissof, 2007, “Mandating Labeling Has Targeted,” para. 4).

Resources on APA-style citation of quotes• Publication Manual of the APA: pp. 170-171• APA Style Blog <blog.apastyle.org>• Pearson Writer <pearsonhighered.com/writer>• Access info forthcoming

• Purdue OWL

FAQs about citing sources

• Do I always have to put the name/date in ()?• No, not if the name/date are already in your sentence.

FAQs about citing sources

• Where does the period go?• The period goes AFTER your ().• This is true even if there was a period at the end of the source’s quote.

Omit the period at the end of the quote.

FAQs about citing sources

• Does the year ALWAYS go in ()?• This is the standard format, but the Manual gives you some flexibility.

Stewart et al. (1997) found . . .In 1997, Stewart et al. found . . .

FAQs about citing sources

• When can I use “&”?• You can use “&” in your () and in references.• Don’t use “&” in your sentence.

. . . (Mac, Cheese, & Noodles, 2000).

. . . (Mac & Cheese, 2000).As Mac, Cheese, and Noodles (2000) found . . .

Note the placement of commas.

FAQs about citing sources

• When should I use “et al.” instead of listing names?• Remember the Rule of Two: in the case of 2 authors, always list both names.

For sources with 3+ authors, list all authors the first time, then use “et al.” in subsequent citations.• Exception: sources with 6+ authors (see the Manual, p. 175)

Kisangau, Lyaruu, Hosea, and Joseph (2007) found . . . [first time]Kisangau et al. (2007) found . . . [subsequent times]

“et” does NOT get a period

See also: p. 175 in the Manual

FAQs about citing sources

• What about multiple sources in ()?• Separate the sources using a semi-colon (;)

Several studies (Miller, 1999; Shafranske & Mahoney, 1998) . . .

See the Manual, p. 178

FAQs about citing sources

• If I’m writing multiple sentences about 1 source, do I have to include () after every sentence?• No, but all sentences must make clear that you are drawing on the source: