Created by Candice Benjes-SmallPresented by Sarah Smith

APA 6th for RU Students

Citations and ReferencesWhat’s the difference?

Reference is the entry in the bibliography at the end of the paper

Citation is the in-text parenthetical notation alerting readers to where a particular quote or piece of information came from

Why do we cite?To prevent plagiarismTo give creditTo support our arguments

When do we cite?Quotations

Word for word (used rarely in health sciences)Paraphrases

Putting a sentence or paragraph into your own wordsSummaries

Providing a short sentence or two summing up an article, usually emphasizing what the conclusion of the article was

Creating an APA style referenceAuthor. (Date of publication). Title of document.

Publishing/Retrieval data.

Baym, G. (2010). From Cronkite to Colbert: The evolution of broadcast news.  Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.

Gray, L. A., & Saracino, M. (1991). College students' attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about AIDS: Implications for family life educators. Family Relations, 40(3), 258-263.

Secret to SuccessFind an example of what you wish to cite and follow the

format in the exampleOrder the parts like in the exampleUse capitalization like in the exampleUse italics like in the exampleFOLLOW THE EXAMPLE!

Finding ExamplesThe APA Publication Manual

Note that the back cover is a guide to reference examplesRU’s color-coded APA Guide

Intended for undergraduates, but still useful for examplesIf you can’t find example there, be sure to check the ManualNext two slides show you how to find the Color-Coded Guide

from the library home page: http://library.radford.edu

Using the Color-Coded GuideDecide what kind of item you are trying to citeChoose the tab that corresponds to that type of itemAlso look at the tabs for in-text citations and formatting your

paper for further help

Social Work students most often use JOURNAL ARTICLESIn your manual or on the color-coded guide, find an example

of an APA reference for scholarly journal articlesIn the next two slides, compare the original article with an

APA reference of the article. What is different?

APA reference for the article

Muise, A., Christofides, E., & Desmarais, S. (2009).

More information than you ever wanted: Does

Facebook bring out the green-eyed monster of

jealousy?  CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(4), 441-

449. doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0263

DifferencesDon’t include professional titles of authorsDon’t include first or middle names (just initials)The capitalization of the article and journal titles are different

from the original vs. the APADOI is capitalized in the article; it’s lower case in APA

In-Text Citation

As part of their study, researchers created “The Facebook

Jealousy scale” (Muise, Christofides, & Desmaris, 2009, p.

442).Include page number for paraphrases and quotesInclude just authors and year for summaries

Multiple Authors Reference list

If you have up to 7 authors, list all.If you have 8 or more, list the first 6, then use the ellipse (…)

before listing the final author

Example:

Torres, K., Ackermann, E. G., Vassady, L. J., Brainard, B., Small, C. B., Smith, S.,…Hyde, W. E. (2007). Cognitive development and evaluation skills. Journal of Library Research, 14(9), 336-352.

Multiple AuthorsIn-text citation

If you have 2 authors, name both every time. If you have 3-5 authors, list all the first time. After the first

time, use only the first author’s name followed by et al.If you have 6 or more authors, list only the first author

followed by et al.

In-text citation: Most college students are considered to be relativists (Torres et al., 2007).

This is a summary, so no need for a page number.

No authorIf there is a government agency or organization, treat it as

the author

Supreme Court of the United States. (2007). Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved January 28, 2010 from http://www.supremecourtus.gov/ctrules/2007rulesofthecourt.pdf

In-text citation: (Supreme Court of the United States, 2007, p. 7).

No author at all- I swear!

Tablet computing: The book of Jobs. (2010, January 28). The

Economist. Retrieved January 28, 2010 from

http://www.economist.com/world/middleeastafrica/displ

ayStory.cfm?story_id=15403075&source=hptextfeature

In-text citation: (“Tablet Computing,” 2010, para. 3).

No author continuedNEVER start with the date! Instead, the title moves into the

first spot, followed by the date.

Citing indirect sources

Sheets, Fredendall, and Claypool created categories for

different situations that could cause jealousy (as cited in

Muise, Christofides, & Desmarais, 2009, p. 442).

*In your reference list, you would have an entry for the Muise, Christofides, & Desmarais article. You would not have an entry for the Sheets, Fredendall, and Claypool article.

Citing legal sourcesFollow models from:

http://www.lib.wsc.ma.edu/legalapa.htmAPA Publication Manual, Appendix 7.1 (pgs. 216-224)

Reference to a U.S. Supreme Court case:Brown v. Board of Educ., 347 U.S. 483 (1954).

In-text citation: In the case of Brown v. Board of Educ. (1954), the court decided…~or~ (Brown v. Board of Educ., 1954)

McConnell Library IM: RULibSpot E-mail: refdesk@radford.edu

APA Color-Coded Guide:

http://libguides.radford.edu/apastyle

For more help