AP World History

End of the Han Dynasty was followed by a long period of disunity and civil war

Buddhism began to spread throughout China during this period Introduced in the first century CE Did not really begin to spread until after the Han

empire collapsed

Tea was discovered in the south during this period

Porcelain was also developed during this time

Restored the Chinese imperial structure Confucian bureaucracy, etc. Defeated external enemies

Accomplishments of the Sui Dynasty Grand Canal (right) Confucianism also began to

regain popularity Weakened by military

spending and external invasions

Expanded Confucian administrative system Reformed examination system

Compiled the Tang Code in 624 CE Liberal attitude towards all religions

Only female empress in Chinese history Removed the rightful heir to the

throne in 690 CE Recruited outstanding individuals

to serve in her court Buddhism was the favored state

religion Attempted to make it a state religion Financed the building of many

Buddhist temples

Rapid increase in rice production Techniques such as planting out seedlings rapidly

increased yield Champa rice from Vietnam

Terrace Farming Population doubled

Urbanization

Power moved from north to south

Revived the Silk Roads Contemporaries of the Umayyad and Abbasid

Caliphates

Not politically powerful Conquered by Mongols

Great advances were made in technology and culture Used gunpowder as a weapon Foreign trade expanded greatly due to junks Rise of Neo-Confucianism

Specialized Production Government monopolies Private business

Guilds

Silk, porcelain, iron, etc.

Expanding trade markets Internal expansion caused by population growth

Grand Canal, paper money, etc.

External expansion caused by naval technology Compass, junks, etc.

Song dynasty iron smelting processYuan dynasty waterwheel and blast furnace

Gunpowder New porcelain techniques

Translucent porcelain

Invention of the moveable type printing press in 1045 CE

Introduction of paper money, called flying money was introduced Metal was scarce in China

First evidence of this practice shows up in about 950 CE Not sure why this practice

began Widely practiced among

both the rich and poor of China

Essentially made women subordinate to their husbands

Yuan Dynasty came to an end in 1368 Attempt to eliminate Mongol cultural influence

Ming Government Reestablished Confucian bureaucracy (again) Moved capital to Beijing

Built the Forbidden City

Expanded into Central Asiaand Manchuria

New American crops expanded agriculture Sweet potato, maize, peanuts Led to rapid population growth

Went from 100 million in 1500 to 225 million by 1750

Population growth aided manufacturing by keeping wages low Limited need for labor saving devices

Launched expeditions into the Indian Ocean Zheng He voyages

Limited trade with Europeans to Macao & Canton “the Silver Sink”

Strengthened traditional Chinese values Filial piety Extended family system

Emphasized loyalty to family

Females remained subordinate Footbinding continued Female infanticide was not uncommon Widows were discouraged from remarrying & widow suicide

was often encouraged

Confucian-based social hierarchy

Promoted Neo-Confucianism Emphasized Chinese tradition Literature

Monkey, the Water Margin, etc.

Pottery the Great Wall