ap world history ch. 4-7 vocab.pdf
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"great traditions"
Heritages including a written
language, common legal and
belief systems, ethical codes,
and other intellectual attitudes
"small traditions" Local customs and beliefs
Alexander
Philip's son and heir; Crossed
over into Asia, defeated the
Persian forces of King Darius
III, and reached to the Punjab
region of modern Pakistan
AlexandriaFirst of the new cities laid
out by Alexander himself,
in Egypt
aqueduct Long elevated or
underground conduits
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Buddha "the Enlightened one",
founder of Buddhism
Byzantine Empire
Derived from
Constantinople's original
name, was a term for teh
empire in the Eastern realm
Chang'an
Base of Han dynasty from 23 to
220 C.E.; protected by a ring of
hills, surrounded by a wall of
pounded earth and brick for 15
miles.
Constantine
King of the Roman Empire
from 306-337 C.E.,
reunited the entire empire
under his sole rule by 324
Cyrus
AKA Kurush, son of a Persian chieftain and a
Median princess; United the various Persian
tribes and overthrew the Median monarch
around 550 B.C.E.; placed Medes and
Persians in positions of responsibility and
retained the framework of Median rule
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Darius I
(522-468 B.C.E) extended Persian
control eastward as far as Indus Valley
and westward into Europe; Promoted the
development of maritime routes;
Completed a canal linking Red Sea with
Nile
democracyExercise of political power
by all free adult males in
Greece
equites
Class of well-to-do Italian
merchants and landowners
second in wealth and social
status only to the senatorial
class; allies of Augusutus
Ethiopia A country where Christian
missionaries were sent
FunanFirst major Southeast
Asian center, labeled by
Chinese visitors
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gentry Class next in wealth below
the aristocrats
Gupta EmpireAnother empire, smaller
than Mauryan Empire, of
India
Han Ruling dynasty of China
from 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.
Hellenistic Age
Epoch ushered in by the conquests of
Alexander, because the lands in
northeastern Africa and western Asia
that came under Greek rule were
powerfully influenced by Greek culture
Herodotus
(485-425 B.C.E.) Published his
Histories, which consisted of
geographic and ethnographic
reports, legends, folktales,
marvels, and wars
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karma Deeds of a human life
Mahabharata
Pageant that tells the story
of 2 sets of cousins whose
quarrel over succession of
the throne leads to a battle
Mahayana Buddhism Embraced popular new
features of Buddhism
Malay peoples
Dominant population in
Southeast Asia; product of
several waves of migration
from southern China beginning
around 3000 BCE
Mauryan Empire India's first centralized
empire
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pax romana"Roman Peace", the safety
and stability guaranteed by
Roman might
Peloponnesian War
War between Athenians
and Spartans; Dragged on
for nearly 30 years; Sparta
was victorious
Pericles
Son of Pisistratus; took last
steps in the evolution of
Athenian democracy,
transferring all power to
popular organs of government
Persepolis
Built by Darius I and his son; used for
ceremonies of special importance to the
Persian king and people- coronations,
royal weddings, funerals, and the New
Year's festival.
Persian Wars2 Persian attacks on
Greece in the early fifth
century
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polis
Greek city-state consisting of
an urban center and the rural
territory that it controlled;
Various sizes and populations
Ptolemies
Dynasty that ruled Egypt and sometimes
laid claim to Syria-Palestine; Able to take
over much of the administrative structure
of the pharaohs and to extract the
surplus wealth of the land
QinState of the Wei Valley;
created China's first
empire (221-206 B.C.E.)
Roman Principate
Period following the Roman
Republic; Military dictators
being called "princeps",
first among equals
Roman Republic
(507-31 B.C.E.) Non-democratic
republic where the sovereign power
resided in several assemblies, male
citizens were eligible to vote, but
wealthier classes had more of a say
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Roman Senate
Real center of power; Advisory
council, first to kings, then to
changing Republican officials;
Made policy and goverened
Romanization Spread of Latin language
and Roman way of life
sacrifice
central ritual of Greek religion;
performed at altars in front of
temples; Consisted of cakes,
wines, animals/meat
Sahel literally "the coast" in
Arabic
Sasanid Empire
Empire in Iran that
brought a continuation of
the rivalry between Rome
and the Parthians
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satrap
Persian governor who was
likely to be related or connected
by marriage to the royal family;
Collected and sent tribute to
the king
savannaTropical mass of land
covered by long grasses
and scattered forest
Shi Huangdi Founder of the Qin Empire
Silk Road
Trade route linking the
Mediterranean with China
by way of Mesopotamia,
Iran, and Central Asia
Socrates
A philosopher who spread
ideas contrary to traditional
religious beliefs and
undermining morality.
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steppes Flat semiarid masses of
land
stirrup
One of the most important
inventions that came from the
Kushan people; gave rider far
greater stability in the saddle
sub-Saharan Africa Portion of Africa south of
the Sahara
Tamil kingdomsKingdoms of southern
India who were in frequent
conflict with one another
theater-state
Relationship of ruler and
subjects through solemn
rituals, dramatic ceremonies,
and exciting cultural events
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Theravada BuddhismFollowed most of the
original teachings of the
founder in Buddhism
third-century crisis
The period from 235-284 C.E.,
when political, military, and
economic problems beset and
nearly destroyed the Roman
Empire.
trans-Saharan caravan
routes
Trade routes via caravan
over the Sahara
triremeA sleek, fast vessel
powered by 170 rowers,
warship of the Greeks
tropical rain forestMass of land with large
amounts of rainfall and
flora
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tyrant
A person who seized and held
power in violation of the
normal political institutions
and traditions of the
community
varna Class system dividing
based on "color"/"class"
VedasReligious texts that are our
main source of information
about the Vedic age
Zoroastrianism
Religion of the Persians/
Origins are said to be from
Zoroaster. He revealed that the
world had been created by
Ahuramazda