AP PsychologyIntro to Perception

11/4/13

1st quarter exam

• Review missed questions individually.• Write correct answers in complete sentences…

EXCEPT number 7 & 76. The correct answers are C & basilar membrane.

• Six-question curve (including 7 & 76).

Kinesthesis vs. Vestibular Sense

• Kinesthesis: using touch to sense your body’s placement and movements (e.g. skin)

• Vestibular sense: using mechanisms in the head to monitor your body’s balance and movement (e.g. semicircular canals)

Selective attention

• Though you understand that multiple interpretations exist, you can only experience one at a time.

Necker Cube

Duckrabbit

Face vase

Old woman/young woman

Old woman/young woman awesomeness

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a91eiu_eer4

Illusions• All examples of selective attention.• The cocktail party effect is another example of

selective attention.

Figure-Ground relationship

• Your interpretation of an image adjusts your figure (what stands out) and your ground (the surroundings). You can reverse your figure and ground with some illusions—this phenomenon is related to the figure-ground relationship, or how we organize our visual fields into these groups.

• This concept is also known as multistability—our experiences switch back and forth between interpretations.

• Face vase is the best example.

Count the number of passes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGQmdoK_ZfY

Inattentional blindness

Change Blindness

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38XO7ac9eSsAbout 66%-75% do not notice the change.

More blindness…

• Choice blindness• Choice-blindness blindness

Pop-out Effect

Attention & Perception

• Explain in one paragraph how attention can impact perception of sensations. Use specific examples.

Visual capture

• When the brain gets conflicting sensations, the sense that wins out is visual. This principle is called visual capture.

• Ventriloquism is the most common example of visual capture.

Gestalt psychology

• Gestalt is German for “whole.”• Humans have a tendency to organize visual

sensations into grouped perceptions. This is called grouping.

• “The whole is different than the sum of the parts” – e.g. a cookie, a basketball team, etc.

• Central concept: Law of Pragnanz, or the Law of Simplicity. Humans tend to order experiences in a way that is regular, symmetric, and simple.

Gestalt: Proximity

Gestalt: Similarity

Gestalt: Continuity

Gestalt: Connectedness

Gestalt: Closure

Homework

• Read pages 237-244 for review if you want.• Read pages 245-254 & take notes.