Intelligence- “Do each of us have an inborn mental capacity and can we quantify this capacity as a meaningful number?”

AP Psychology Chapter 11 p. 431

What is Intelligence and is it a single ability?

Definition- the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.General Intelligence- Spearman, factor analysis and g.Thurstone, seven clusters of primary mental abilities.Multiple Intelligence Theories- Howard Gardner, savants, Eight IntelligencesAspects of Successful Intelligence- Robert Sternberg,Triarchic theory (analytical, creative, practical)Comparing Theories of Intelligence Table 11.2 p. 436

Emotional Intelligence- ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotion.

Creativity- ideas that are valuable and novel, expertise, imaginative thinking skills, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, a creative environment.

Can intelligence be neurologically measured?Brain size and “fast brains”

Assessing IntelligenceOrigins of the Intelligence TestAlfred Binet and predicting school achievement, a child’s mental age.Lewis Terman and the innate IQ, Stanford Binet test, William Sterns Intelligence Quotient, mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100.Modern tests- aptitude versus achievement, Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).Principles of test construction- standardization, reliability and validity.

The Dynamics of Intelligence

Stability versus change in test scores over ones life.

Low extreme of IQ testing- mental retardation and downs syndrome. Degrees of Mental Retardation 11.3.The “over 135 whiz kids” and “gifted child programs.”

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Genetic Influence- twin studies, family members.Environmental Influence- the destitute orphanage and human enrichment, prolonged schooling.Group differences in Test Scores- Racial differences, high scores equal high income, gender differences in spelling, verbal, nonverbal, sensation, underachievement, math and spatial aptitudes, emotion detecting abilities.Bias in testing Intelligence- biased in sense they are sensitive to performance differences due to cultural experience but they do predict accurately for most groups, however there is a stereotype threat.