AP Labs – General

Experimental Design•Identify variables

–Independent–Dependent

•Isolate Variable–Controls CONTROLS CONTROLS CONTROLS CONTROLS (controls)

•Provide numbers (adequate sample size)–Prevent random error

•Predict Results–Labeled graphs/diagrams

AP Labs – Diffusion and Osmosis

•Concept–Water potential–Selective permiability

•Sample Experiment–“Design and experiment to determine the osmolarity (solute concentration) in a given dialysis bag

AP Labs – Enzyme Catalysis•Concept

–Enzyme function•Active site•Substrate•Rate•Conformation•Inhibition

–Role of H2SO4, K2MnO4

•Sample Experiment–Design an experiment to determine the optimal temperature of vent polymerase…

AP Labs – Mitosis/Meiosis

•General Concept–Tissue types undergoing mitosis–Identifying stages–Relative time of stages

AP Labs – Plant Pigment – photo.

•Concept–Chromatography techniques–Photosynthetic pigments–Determining rate of light reactions

•Role of DPIP

•Sample –Determine the number and type of photosynthetic pigments contained in a rutebega leaf…

AP Labs – Cellular Respiration

•Concept–Factors influencing respiration rate

•Plants vs. temp•Endotherms vs. temp•Ectotherms vs. temp

–Role of potassium hydroxide

•Determine the optimal rate of respiration for crickets – how would this compare to mice?

AP Labs – Molecular Biology

•Concepts–Restriction Enzymes

•Restriction digest/analysis

–Electrophoresis–Transformation–Selective media–Gene cloning

•Sample#1– Plasmids are isolated from separate species of bacteria. How would one determine if the plasmids were different?

•Sample #2–How would you use rDNA to clone a gene? PCR?

AP Labs – Fruit Fly Genetics

•Concepts–Mendelian Genetic principles–Terms

•Wild type = “normal”•Experimental = “mutant”

•F1…Fn = generation from parents

–Crossing over•If linked genes don’t follow Mendalian inheritance, then x-over

–example

AP Labs – Hardy Weinberg Genetics

•Hardy Weinberg equation

•Assumptions–No natural selection–Random mating–Large population–No gene flow (emigration/immigration)

•Sample Calculation

AP Labs - Transpiration

•Concept–Transpiration–Guttation–Bulk flow

•Types of transport involved•Water’s influence

–Factors affecting–Sample

•Perform an experiment investigating differences in transpiration between corn (C4)and grass (C3)

AP Labs – Physiology of circulatory

•Concept–Blood flow

•Systemic•Heart

–Blood pressure•Factors influencing

–Effect of temperature on HR

•Sample–Design and experiment investigating the relationship between heart rate and temperature in earthworms and humans.

AP Labs – Animal Behavior

•Concept–Learned vs. Innate behavior–Conditioning

•You tell me…

AP Labs – Ecology – Dissolved O2

•Concept–Primary productivity vs. Dissolved O2

•Primary productivity – rate at which organic molecules are produced and stored (photosyntheis)

•Sample–Design an experiment which would investigate the relationship between water turbitity and primary productivity.

Other things

• AlwaysAlways – Read questions

carefully– Relate form to

function (examples)– Guess surface area– 100% till the end

•Study SuggestionsStudy Suggestions-Practice Tests (website)

-Review Guide -AP Biology Free Response - Check Scoring

Guidelines