AP Human Geography Week #7

Fall 2015

AP Human Geography 10/19/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine the laws of migration. APHugII-C.3

• Language objective: Write about refugees.• I. Journal#18 pt.A

-Watch the following:Fleeing Somalia: refugees from the forgotten war

• II. Journal#18 pt.B-notes on the laws of migration

• Homework: Read p.97-102• NOTICE: Journals 10-19 Due Thursday Oct 22nd • NOTICE: U.S. Map Test Friday Oct 23rd • NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test Monday Oct 26th

Ernst Ravenstein’s “Laws of migration”• 1. Every migration flow generates a return or counter

migration.

-Counter streams occur for many factors like economics, legal, or personal reasons, ex. Jewish people returning to Israel after Diaspora

• 2. The majority of migrants move a short distance

-Most migration happens in a step by step pattern

-Intervening opportunities and intervening obstacles can cause a person’s plansto change

• 3. Migrants who move longer distance tend to choose big-city destinations

-Ravenstein lived in the 1800s during Industrial Rev. and saw this first hand; cities tend to hold pull factor of jobs and better economic opportunities

• 4. Urban migrants are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas

-True in Ravenstein’s time and in some developing nations, however the United States has experienced some counter-urbanization

• 5. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults

-Easier to move oneself

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/ErnstGeorgRavenstein.jpg/205px-ErnstGeorgRavenstein.jpg

• Gravity model is an inverse relationship between volume of migration and distance to the destination.

• Gravity model was anticipated by Ravenstein. • The physical laws of gravity first studied by Newton

can be applied to the actions of humans in terms of migration and economics

• Spatial interaction such as migration is directly related to the populations and inversely related to the distance between them.

• International refugees cross one or more borders and are encamped in a country not their own.

• Intranational refugees abandon their homes, but not their countries-this is the largest number world wide.

The Refugee Problem • UN definition-person who

migrates out of fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, social status or political opinion.

• Difficult to get an accurate count-governments manipulate the numbers.

• Internal (intranational) refugees a bigger issue than external (international).

Characteristics of Refugees• Move with only what

they can carry or easily transport.

• Most move first on foot, bicycle, wagon or open boat-very low tech. transport.

• Most have no official documentation such as passports, identification or other official papers.

Where are Refugees

Refugees

Regions of Dislocation-Africa

• Endemic African Problems:

• Weak and corrupt governments.

• Lack of national cohesion.

• Lack of a democratic tradition

• Historic ethnic conflicts

• Excessive number of weapons left over from the Cold War.

• Sub-Saharan Africa-over 8 million official international refugees-the largest # in the world.

• Collapse of order in Somalia

• Civil Wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone

• Sudan’s civil war• Rwanda massacres

and economic disaster.

• Refugees from Uganda’s civil war that began in the 1980s

• Death toll 100,000 with 1 ½ million refugees

The Sudan –Fighting in the Darfur region of the Sudan has generated thousands of refugees. In eastern Chad, the Iridimi refugee camp is home to almost 15,000 refugees from the Darfur province, including the women in this photo.

Regions of Dislocation

• South West & Central Asia:

• Kurds in Iraq, Turkey and Syria displaced during Gulf Wars.

• Palestinians displaced by several wars with Israel.

• Afghanistan-many refugees during the long Soviet occupation, Taliban regime and war.

• South and South East Asia:

• Civil War in Sri Lanka-Tamils versus Sinahlese

• Vietnam and Cambodia after the Vietnam War

• Myanmar (Burma) military rule has driven many to exile.

Major Modern Migrations• Europe to North America & South America

• Africa to the Americas (Slave Trade)• UK to Australia, New Zealand• India to East Africa, SE Asia

• China to SE Asia• Eastern US to Western US

• Western Russia to Eastern Russia

By the numbers• Europe-Before 1830s about 2.75 million left-1835-1935 75 million

left for New World, (most from England & Germany) Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

• Africa-slave trade began in 16th cent. With Caribbean sugar plantation workers Early 17th cent. North America to work on cotton plantations– Most were from West Africa-Liberia to Nigeria and from coastal margins

of Sahara.– Most 10 million out of 12 million went to Brazil and Caribbean for sugar

plantations– East Africa slave trade also active Arab slave traders on Zanzibar along

the Horn• India-British brought many Indians to South Africa and East Africa as

well as Caribbean-(Trinidad, Guyana) as indentured servants.• China-SE Asia-tended to migrate to urban areas and engaged in trade

-76% of Singapore 32% of Malaysia 14% of Thailand

-3% of Indonesia (but it is 200 million)

From 12 to 30 million Africans were forced from their homelands in the 18th century. It took

generations to restore the population balance.

Trans-Siberian Railway increased migration to the east

Homework Tonight

• Read p.97-102• Continue working on

Chapter#3 Review.• Study for U.S. Map

Test

AP Human Geography 10/20/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine various migrations in U.S. History. APHugII-C.3• Language objective: Write about U.S. migration.• I. Journal#19 pt.A

-Watch the following:Chinese Immigration

• II. Quiz#11• III. Journal#19 pt.B

-notes on the laws of migration• Homework: Read p.102-108• NOTICE: Journals#10-19 Due Thursday Oct 22nd • NOTICE: U.S. Map Test Friday Oct 23rd • NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test Monday Oct 26th

Historic US Migration• Westward to the frontier.• Black migration to

northern cities in WWI and WWII period.

• 1950s, 60s Cubans to Florida from Castro’s Cuba.

• In recent decades the migration from the Rust belt to the Sunbelt took place.

• Some blacks returned to the South.

Waves of Immigration-US 1820-2001

Changing immigration laws, and changing push and pull factors create waves of immigration.

U.S. Immigration Patterns• Immigration to the US from 1820-2001• 1870 US Population was 40 million.• 72% lived in small towns or on farms.• 1900-1915 at least 15 million

immigrants-mostly Eastern Europeans & Southern Europeans flooded into the US.

• These new immigrants were different in religion & darker in complexion than previous immigrants.

• By 1920, over half of the U.S. population lived in cities.

Migration to the US by region of origin.• Europeans made up 90% during the 19th cent.

And as late as 1960 made up 50%. South Asia was the largest source for a brief time in the 1980s.

• Latin America is now the main source.• Of European immigration-fueled by rapid

population growth.• Germany sent the largest # with 7.1 million.

– Italy 5.4 m.– UK 5.2 m– Ireland 4.8 m– Russia & former USSR 3.5 million

Guest Workers• Guest workers – migrants whom

a country allows in to fill a labor need, assuming the workers will go “home” once the labor need subsides.

- have short term work visas

- send remittances to home country

- France-many from Algeria

- Germany-many from Turkey, Eastern Europe

http://cdn1.spiegel.de/images/image-467110-thumbflex-bvdl.jpg

Fun Facts• Only recently has Germany allowed the

Turks-now 2nd or 3rd generation-to become German citizens

• Nigeria kicked out its guest workers• Indonesia pulled out its many citizens in the

Middle East before the 2003 Iraq War

Homework Tonight

• Read p.102-108• Continue work on Ch#3

Review.• Study for U.S. Map

Test

AP Human Geography 10/21/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine the concept of genocide. APHugII-C.4• Language objective: Write about genocide.• I. Administrative Stuff

-attendance & directions-Return of Ch#2 Test

• II. Practice U.S. Map Test-practice map test

• III. Film: Hotel Rwanda Day#1-questions on film about genocide

• Homework: Study for U.S. map test & Ch#3 Test• NOTICE: Journals#10-19 Due TOMORROW!• NOTICE: U.S. Map Test Friday Oct 23rd • NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test Monday October 26th

Homework Tonight

• Study for U.S. Map Test.• Complete Ch#3 Review.

AP Human Geography 10/22/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine the concept of genocide. APHugII-C.4

• Language objective: Write about genocide.• I. Administrative Stuff

-attendance• II. Journals#10-19 Due• III. Film: Hotel Rwanda Day#2

-questions on film about genocide• Homework: Study for U.S. map test & Ch#3 Test• NOTICE: U.S. Map Test TOMORROW! • NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test Monday October 26th

AP Human Geography 10/23/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate mastery of the United States and continue examination of genocide. APHugII-C.4

• Language objective: Write about genocide.• I. U.S. Map Test• II. Quiz#12• III. Complete Film: Hotel Rwanda• IV. FRQ Day#6

-FRQ#2 2008 Answer• NOTICE: Chapter#3 Test MONDAY!

Homework Tonight

• Study for Ch#3 Test.