AP Human Geography Week #3

Fall 2015

AP Human Geography 9/21/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine the different types of culture & the concept of culture. APHugIII-A.4

• Language objective: Write about culture. • I. Journal#6 pt.A

-Where 'Smoke-Free' Isn't the Norm: Global Tobacco Use Booms in Developing World• II. Journal#6

-notes on culture• Homework: Finish reading Chapter#1• NOTICE: Chapter#1 Test Monday Sept 28th

Due Monday!• Due Monday Sept. 28th at

the beginning of class:• 1.) Chapter#1 Review pt.I• 2.) Chapter#1 Review pt.II

Culture• Culture is the man-made part of

the environment. (It is learned & passed on)

• Cultural trait is a single attribute of a culture such as chopsticks.

• Cultural region is a portion of the earth occupied by people who share cultural traits such as religions, languages, political organizations, etc.

• Cultural realm-is a large segment of the earth with uniformity in cultural characteristics such as “Latin America”

• Acculturation-immigrant populations take on enough of the values, attitudes and customs of the receiving society to function economically and socially.

• Assimilation-the complete blending with the host culture and the loss of most if not all of a groups previous distinctive ethnic traits.

• Syncretism-the process of fusing the immigrant culture with the native or adjacent culture. E.g. Haitian mix of Catholic and African voodoo religious practices, Tex-Mex cuisine in the Southwest.

• Cultural convergence-the sharing of technologies, cultural traits and artifacts among widely separated societies.

• Cultural Hearth-centers of innovation and invention, the center or cradle of a culture.

• Cultural perceptions-like perceptual regions, there are many intangible elements that define a region’s personality.

• Consider the South as a Cultural Region;– Houses with porches– Foods like grits, greens and

cornbread.– Drawl or dialects like

Cajun.– Southern Baptist-Bible Belt– Slow pace of life and

courtesy, hospitality.

Cultural Diffusion• Cultural diffusion or spatial

diffusion is the spread of an idea or innovation from its source to other cultures.

• Diffusion occurs through the movement of people, goods or ideas.

• Carl Sauer focused on cultural diffusion in his book Agricultural Origins and Dispersals (1952)

Types of Diffusion• There are two main types of Diffusion:• Expansion Diffusion

– The spread of an item or idea from one place to others. In the process it remains and often strengthens in the origin area.• Contagious diffusion-rapid widespread diffusion by direct contact.

Affects all areas uniformly as it spreads outward. E.g. the spread of Islam.

• Hierarchical diffusion-or cascade diffusion-the process of spreading ideas first between large cities and only later to smaller cities.

• Stimulus diffusion-the spread of an underlying principle even though the main idea is not spread. E.g. industrialization

• Relocation Diffusion– The innovation or idea is physically carried to new areas by

migrating individuals or populations. E.g. Christianity brought to the New World by missionaries and colonists.

A Contagious Diffusion

BHierarchical Diffusion

Examples• Expansion diffusion has a snowball effect-it gains momentum

as it moves. It is happening much more rapidly today due to the technology of fax machines, computers, the internet, satellite links for TV, telephone, etc.

• Another example of contagious diffusion-spread of soccer as a college sport-Eastern ivy-league schools first.

• Hierarchical diffusion is also known as cascade diffusion-ideas spread from nodes of power or authority to other nodes of power-AIDS, Christianity, Hip-hop music, rap and the use of the fax machine are all examples of Hierarchical diffusion.

• The early 19th century Cholera outbreak in the US was an example of relocation diffusion and hierarchical diffusion-it spread from city to nearby city via water transportation-it spread slowly until the railroad network spread it much more rapidly via relocation diffusion.

– Time-distance decay-the farther away and the longer it takes to reach an area, the less likely it will be adopted.

– Cultural barriers may pose obstacles to cultural diffusion-taboos or religious beliefs.

– Cultural lag-when a social group is economically or psychologically unresponsive to change.

Factors that delay diffusion

Examples• The friction of distance is being reduced as

technology improves transportation and communication.

• Religious beliefs that do not condone contraception would be reluctant to adopt a new medical breakthrough in contraception.

• The Amish - due to religious beliefs they do not use cars, electricity, telephones, etc., thus new technology like the Internet, etc. are not adopted by them.

Homework Tonight

• Finish reading Chapter#1

• Begin working on Chapter#1 Review.

AP Human Geography 9/22/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine world current events and review for the Chapter#1 test. APHugVI-B.4

• Language objective: Write about globalization.• I. Administrative Stuff

-attendance• II. Quiz#3• III. Film: Is Wal-mart Good for America?

-questions on film about globalization• Homework: Continue working on Chapter#1 Review• NOTICE: Chapter#1 Test is Monday Sept 28th

Homework Tonight

• Continue working on Chapter#1 Review.

AP Human Geography 9/23/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine world current events and review for the Chapter#1 Test. APHugVI-B.4

• Language objective: Write about globalization.• I. Administrative Stuff

-attendance• II. Quiz#4• III. Read “Types of Boundaries” p.261• IV. 2012 FRQ#1 on walls

-questions on film about globalization• Homework: Study for the Chapter#1 Test• NOTICE: Chapter#1 Test is Monday Sept 28th

Directions• Directions: You have 75 minutes to answer all three of the

following questions. • It is recommended that you spend approximately one-third of

your time (25 minutes) on each question. • It is suggested that you take up to 5 minutes of this time to

plan and outline each answer. • While a formal essay is not required, it is not enough to

answer a question by merely listing facts. • Illustrate your answers with substantive geographic examples

where appropriate. • Be sure that you number each of your answers, including

individual parts, in this booklet as the questions are numbered below.

2012 FRQ question#1• 1. Walls and other barriers built by countries to establish their

borders are some of the oldest and most controversial elements in the cultural landscape.

a. Identify three examples of walls or other barriers built by countries in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

b. Explain the purpose of one of the examples you identified in part a.

c. For each of the categories listed below, discuss a consequence faced by countries as a result of walls or other

barriers established along their borders. i. social or political ii. economic iii. environmental

Homework Tonight

• Finish Chapter#1 Review & study for the Chapter#1 Test.

AP Human Geography 9/24/15http://mrmilewski.com

• NO SCHOOL: Vacation Day

AP Human Geography 9/25/15http://mrmilewski.com

• NO SCHOOL: Staff Professional Development Day#3