AP Human Geography Week #19 Winter 2015 AP Human Geography 1/25/16OBJECTIVE: Continue examination of Political Geography. APHugIV.A.1&2 Language objective: Write about political geography. I. Journal#51 pt.A -Watch the following: -Gerrymandering ExplainedGerrymandering Explained II. Quiz#33 III. Journal#51 pt.B -notes on political geography Homework: Read p NOTICE: Southeast Asia Map Test Friday January 29 th To qualify to take the Ch#7 Retake Test 1.) Print guided readings for Chapter#7 from Mr. Marijanovichs website (Week#15): https://sites.google.com/a/csdm.k12.mi.us/m arijanovich/home/ap-human-geography https://sites.google.com/a/csdm.k12.mi.us/m arijanovich/home/ap-human-geography 2.) Report to the review session with the guided reading TOMORROW 1/26 3.) Report to SST February 2 nd with a completed Guided Reading to take the Ch#7 Retake Test Gerrymandering drawing voting districts to benefit one group over another. Majority-Minority-districts drawn so that the majority of the population in the district is from the minority. Territory India: The Tin Bigha Corridor Fig. 8-7: The Tin Bigha corridor fragmented two sections of the country of Bangladesh. When it was leased to Bangladesh, a section of India was fragmented. Landlocked Countries Landlocked states have a serious disadvantage in trade and access to resources. Africa has more landlocked states than any other continent. Sahel is poorly linked to the coastal ports; Uganda linked by rail; Zimbabwe access via South African and Mozambique ports; Rwanda & Burundi the worlds most isolated states; Zambia & Malawi have poor connections. Asia-Mongolia & Nepal are landlocked with rough terrain, great distances and limited communication, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Armenia & Georgia. South America-Bolivia and Paraguay-lost coastline in war Europe-Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Moldova, Belarus and Bosnia Landlocked States Fig. 8-6: Southern, central, and eastern Africa include states that are compact, elongated, prorupted, fragmented, and perforated. AfricanStates How are Boundaries Established, and Why do Boundary Disputes Occur? Key Question: Land Boundaries Not just a line, but also a vertical plane that cuts through subsoil, rocks and the airspace above- coal, gas & oil reserves often cross these lines. Belgium, Germany & Netherlands argued over coal seams & natural gas reserves. Kuwait Oil drilling prompted the 1991 Gulf War (Rumaylah Reserve) Land Boundaries 3 Stage Evolution of Boundaries: definition-a document is created that indicates exact landmarks; delimitation- cartographers place the boundary on the map; demarcation-boundary markers such as steel posts or concrete pillars, fences or wall marks the boundary Land Boundaries Frontier-a zone of separation that keeps rivals apart can be natural or manmade-such as Korean DMZ. Boundaries keep out adversaries or keep citizens inside-limit smuggling, migration, etc. Internal boundaries- provinces or states within a larger state. Homework Read p Study for SE Asia Map Test Friday. AP Human Geography 1/26/16OBJECTIVE: Continue examination of Political Geography. APHugIV.A.1&2 Language objective: Write about political geography. I. Journal#52pt.A -Watch the following -Rowing videoRowing video -Old versionOld version II. Journal#52pt.B -notes on political geography Homework: Read p NOTICE: Southeast Asia Map Test Friday 1/29/16 Types of Boundaries Geometric-straight line boundary such as US- Canada or many in Africa. Physical or Natural- Political Boundary-river, crest of a mountain range or some other physical landmark Cultural or Anthro- Geographic Boundary- breaks in the human landscape, such as most of Europes boundaries Aozou Strip: A Geometric Boundary Fig. 8-9: The straight boundary between Libya and Chad was drawn by European powers, and the strip is the subject of controversy between the two countries. Left-the Demilitarized Zone between North Korea & South Korea is heavily defended by both sides Bottom left-the US-Canadian border is the longest undefended border in the world. Bottom right-the Rio Grande forms the border between Mexico and the United States which is porous enough to allow million of illegal immigrants. Genetic Boundary Classification Richard Hartshorne, a leading political geographer developed this classification system; Antecedent Boundary-physical landscape defined the boundary well before human habitation-Malaysia- Indonesian boundary on Borneo is sparsely settled. Subsequent Boundary-Vietnam-China border results from a long period of modification. Superimposed-forcibly drawn boundary that cuts across a unified cultural boundary-New Guinea-Indonesia West Irian & Papua New Guinea in the East. Relict boundary no longer serves its purpose, but the imprint is still evident in the landscape-Vietnam-North South boundary, West and East Germany boundary, especially in Berlin. Nation-States in SW Asia Nation-States are difficult to create in Southwest Asia Many of the boundaries were created by the Imperial Powers such as Britain, France or Russia. Ethnic Groups in Southwest Asia Fig. 8-14: Ethnic boundaries do not match country boundaries, especially in Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Division of Cyprus Fig. 8-10: Cyprus has been divided into Green and Turkish portions since 1974. The Fertile Crescent Fig. 8-3: The Fertile Crescent was the site of early city-states and a succession of ancient empires. Frontiers in the Arabian Peninsula Fig. 8-8: Several states in the Arabian Peninsula are separated by frontiers rather than precise boundaries. Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Richard Hartshorne, a leading political geographer described Centripetal forces as things that bind or hold a nation together & promote national unity: Strong leadership-charismatic leader External threat Education Ideology-Fascism, Communism or Democracy Movement or circulation Castros Cuba The Cuban economy has been hampered by the American trade embargo and the collapse of the Soviet Union, which ended economic assistance. Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Centrifugal forces are things that divide or tear a state apart: (also called Devolutionary forces) Ethnic or cultural differences Religious differences Linguistic diversity Economic disparity Movement or circulation Physical geographical differences Devolution Movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state. What causes devolutionary movements? Ethnocultural forces Economic forces Spatial forces The Forces of Devolution After USSR collapse in 1991, optimism-a New World Order? Supranationalism, no more costly arms race & negotiation replacing confrontation?? Yet despite optimism- powerful self-interests contribute to centrifugal (divisive) forces. Geopolitics-the study of political science within a geographic framework The Forces of Devolution Since 1990 about 26 new states created. Ironically with EU & adoption of euro greater centrifugal forces in Europe. Londons decision to join EU encouraged Scottish nationalism. 1990s Scottish National Party encouraged devolution Labour Party gave Scots & Welsh chance to vote-both voted to have their own parliaments Scotland Scotland felt as a part of EU would be less powerful than just a part of UK. Reasoned that if Denmark- about same size as Scotland, could be a member of EU, why couldnt they. A referendum was held in September Scotland remained part of the U.K jpg From the BBC.CO.UK SNP positionUnionist position Wants the referendum in the autumn of 2014 Wants the referendum "sooner rather than later" Backs a "yes/no" ballot but is open minded on including a second "devo max" question Wants a one question "yes/no" ballot Wants 16 and 17-year-olds to be able to vote in the referendum Backs the status quo with 18 and over able to vote Wants a special commission to conduct the referendum Wants the Electoral Commission to oversee the vote Homework Read p Study for SE Asia Map Test Friday. AP Human Geography 1/27/16OBJECTIVE: Continue examination of Political Geography. APHugIV.A.1&2 Language objective: Writing Write about political geography through a practice map test. I. Practice SE Asia Map Test II. FRQ Day# FRQ Question#2 Answer2014 FRQ Question#2Answer III. Whiteboard Review with flash cards Homework: Study for SE Asia Map Test NOTICE: AP Exam goes up $5 after this week, please pay by this weeks end!!! South Asia Map Test Friday January 29 th Homework Study for SE Asia Map Test Friday. AP Human Geography 1/28/16OBJECTIVE: Examine gerrymandering and national identity. APHugIV-A.1&2 Language objective: Writing Write about political geography through gerrymandering project. I. Administrative Stuff -attendance -Redistricting videoRedistricting video -Gerrymandering videoGerrymandering video II. Gerrymandering Project -individual district redrawing on whiteboard -complete a partner project on voter districtsproject on voter districts NOTICE: SE Asia Map Test TOMORROW! Homework Study for Southeast Asia Map Test. AP Human Geography 1/29/16OBJECTIVE: Continue examination of Political Geography. APHugIV.A.1&2 Language objective: Write about political geography. I. Southeast Asia Map Test II. Journal#55pt.A -read the following -Human trafficking problem growingHuman trafficking problem growing in Michigan II. Quiz#34 III. Journal#55 pt.B -notes on political geography Homework: Read p NOTICE: Chapter#8 Test Monday February 8 th Notice: Price of AP Exam goes up on Monday by $5 Ethnocultural Devolutionary Movements Scotland rise in independence movement is coupled with: - European Union - Scotlands oil resources The Forces of Devolution-Cultural Forces Most of the worlds 200 states have multicultural populations. Spain-Basque & Catalonia in 1979 signed autonomy agreements Have their own parliaments Languages have official status Control over education Power of taxation But Basque separatist were not satisfied-continued bombing & terror attacks The Forces of Devolution-Cultural Forces Quebec and Parti Quebecois in Canada Belgium-Flemish (Dutch) in north, Walloons (French) in south Czechoslovakia split in Jan in the Velvet Divorce Sudan-Muslim north & Christian south Sri Lanka-Tamils, a Hindu minority fight for independence from the Sinhalese a Buddhist majority The Forces of Devolution-Cultural Forces Greatest tragedy was Yugoslavia which erupted in Civil War in the 1990s Thrown together after WW I with Serbia as the core of The Land of the South Slavs 7 major, 17 minor ethnic groups, 3 religions & 2 alphabets North-Croats & Slovenes-Catholic South-Serbs are Orthodox, Muslim enclaves Rule by royal house of Serbia, during WWII German occupation the Croats supported the Nazis, Serbs fought as anti-Nazi partisans. Josip Broz Tito emerged as a communist leader after WWII-nationalism suppressed under his iron fist. The Forces of Devolution-Cultural Forces After the death of Tito & later the collapse of communism- ethnic conflict of Croat versus Serb and everyone versus Muslims emerged again. Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia-Montenegro & Macedonia became independent. Bosnia-no clear majority, Dayton Accords partitioned Bosnia & ended the civil war- Muslims 44%, Serbs 32% & Croatians 17% Zimbabwe Robert Mugabes dictatorship forced thousands of white farmers to flee Zimbabwe. Genocide Genos, greek for tribe or family, -cide from Latin to kill. Last 100 years over 50 million people were murdered due to race, ethnicity, religion or political persuasion. Mao Zedong-30 m. Chinese Stalin-20 m. Soviets Nazis-11.4 m. Jews, Slavs, etc. Japan 10 m. Chinese, etc. Genocide Watch 1.Classification (us v. them) 2.Symbolization (use of labels) 3.Dehumanization (call them rats, infections, etc) 4.Organization (have to be leaders & followers) 5.Polarization (take out the moderates first) 6.Preparation (make people carry identity cards, concentrate people in certain locations) 7.Extermination 8.Denial (destroy records, bodies & anyone who could talk) Homework Read p Begin review for the Ch#8 Test on Monday February 8 th