ap human geography ch. 21n 17o class notes civilization and urbanization
TRANSCRIPT
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHYCH. 21n 17o CLASS NOTES
Civilization and Urbanization
The Beginning of State Formation…(You should know this story by now.)
Nomadic (H-G) settle into small villages (1st Ag. Rev.)
Work specialization
Classes develop, status in society
Villages incorporate to larger cities under central authority (CORE)
Begins formation of state
Urbanization and State Formation
Transforms egalitarian (equal) societies into stratified (layers of classes,
jobs), specialized ones
Why?
How is Urbanization distributed around globe today?
The Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia)
FORMATIVE ERA – (5000 BCE – 2000 BCE) Development of “states” and
“urbanization”Mesopotamia, Nile River (Egypt), Indus River (India)
“City” becomes focus of state planningmust flow into city (C-P / Von Thunen)
Diffusion Patterns
Functions of the City?
Religious Centers
Government Centers (Services)
Educational Centers
Economic / Trade Centers
Cultural / Social Centers
Protection Center
How do Populations / Cities Diffuse?
Trade Routes
Rise and Decline of Civilizations / Empires
Mediterranean SeaEgypt, Greece, Rome
Empire of Alexander the Great(Diffusion Type?)
Hail Caesar!
Why Empires Decline / Fail…?
Trade and Transport networks break down
Misrule, corruption, external attack, revolt
Social Order breaks down – hard to control foreign peoples
City Classifications – Gideon Sjoberg
Cities are products of their societies
1. Folk-Preliterate (agricultural settlement)
2. Feudal (Status of houses {manor})
3. Pre-Industrial (architecture and arts influence on religious / gov’t buildings)
4. Urban-Industrial (high rise / econ. & financial takeover of city core)
Classic Urban Banana – London to Japan
Modern City – Marked by elaborate road construction leading to
suburbanization
Postmodernism – Modern styles contrasting with older historical roots