AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHYThe 5 Themes of geography5 Themes of GeographyLocationMovementHuman Environment InteractionPlaceRegion

5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHYLOCATIONRelative Location based on a relationship to a known location. Chicago is located near Lake MichiganAbsolute Location Exact location on earth based on a grid system comprised of lines of Longitude and Latitude

Lines of Latitudes are measured from the center of the earth and represent the angle from centerParallels are circle drawn around the earth parallel to the equator at right angles to the meridians

Lines of LatitudesEach Degree = approximately 69 miles

Line of LongitudeMeridians are arcs drawn between north and south poles. World Geographic GridFig. 1-8: The world geographic grid consists of meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude. The prime meridian ( 0) passes through Greenwich, England.

What are minutes?What are seconds? 1 = 60'. One minute of arc can be further subdivided into yet smaller fractions of a degree called seconds (again, don't confuse this with the seconds that we use to measure time - they are not the same thing). One minute of arc is equal to 60 seconds of arc, 1' = 60" - the double tick mark is used to designate seconds.

List latitude then longitude: Include N,S,E,W. Write down A-F. Global Positioning System (GPS)System that accurately determines the precise position of something on earth.In United States 24 satalites are used to track and figure locations

Geographic Information System (GIS)A computer system that can capture, store, analyze, and display geographic data.GIS allows a person to layer geographic or data on to a map

REMOTE SENSINGRemote Sensing is any technique used for measuring, observing, or monitoring a process or object without physically touching the object under observation. - Use satellites orbiting the Earth or from other long- distances.- Optical and radio telescopes, cameras, even eyesight are types of remote sensing.

World Time ZonesFig. 1-9: The worlds 24 standard time zones each represent about 15 of longitude. They are often depicted using the Mercator projection.

How are time zones calculated?Names of the US time zonesExplain how time zones change (E,W)International Date Line + significance

360 24 hours = 15 per hour

International Date LineMOVEMENTRefers to the mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the earthSpatial Interaction between places depends on the distance among places, accessibility of places, and the transportation and communication connectivity among placesDistance is measured physical space between placesAccessibility is the ease of reaching one location from anotherConnectivity is the degree of linkage between locations in a networkHuman Environment InteractionDescribes how people modify or alter the environment to fit individual or society needsOur ability to alter our environment has led to the end of environmental determinismHow do humans adapt to or alter their environmentHumans cannot live in the F toos:Too hotToo coldToo Wet Too DryToo Hilly

PLACEAll places on Earth have unique human and physical characteristicsThe description of what and how we see and experience a certain aspect of the Earths surfaceWhen geographers are considering a specific location it is identified in 4 ways. Place name toponym is the name given to a placeSITE physical character of a place Situation how a location relates to other locationsMathematical Location as in longitude and latitude

What is the difference between SITE and SITUATION? SITE:Describes the characteristics where a settlement is located Characteristics can include: - climate- water sources- topography- soil- vegetation- latitude- elevation

SITUATION: * Describes where a place is in relation to its surroundings (other towns, uplands, & rivers) * Purpose- we can identify something from the land to direct people to their desired locationThink about why places were located where they are?

19REGIONAreas of unique characteristicsLinks places together using any common parameter the geographer choosesCan range in size from a single location to a global areaThree main types of regionsFormal FunctionalVernacular

REGIONS:- Vernacular or Perceptual Region- Formal Region- Functional or Nodal Region

VERNACULAR REGION or Perceptual Region:Defied loosely defined by people's perceptionIdeas in our minds, based on accumulated knowledge of places and regions, that define an area of sameness or connectedness.EX. The South The Midwest The Westside

FUNCTIONAL REGION (or Nodal Region):Region that has a defined node or center EX. Metropolitan area of Chicago

FORMAL REGION:An area where everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics - Can be defined by governmental or administrative boundaries EX. United States, German speaking regions in Europe - Physical regions fall under this category EX. The Rockies, the Great Lakes States

Formal Region

The state of Iowa is an example of a formal regionFunctional Regions the areas of influence of various television stations are examples of functional regions.

Functional RegionA region organized around a central node or focal pointImagine how Chicago is connected to the land area around it. Chicago can be a formal region but its influence creates a functional region too.

Formal Region IL is a formal region characterized by a government that passes laws, collect taxes

NomineeBarack ObamaJohn McCainPartyDemocraticRepublicanHomestateIllinoisArizonaRunningmateJoe BidenSarah PalinElectoralvote210Popularvote3,419,3482,031,179Percentage61.88%36.76%

9 or more regions within the United States!

Vernacular RegionsFig. 1-12: A number of features are often used to define the South as a vernacular region, each of which identifies somewhat different boundaries.

Where is the WESTSIDE

Foreman High School is hereWhere is the WESTSIDE

Where is the WESTSIDE

Where is the WESTSIDE

Where is the WESTSIDE

Where is the WESTSIDE

Where is the WESTSIDEWhere is the WESTSIDE

Where is the WESTSIDE