Themes : Unit IV1. Interaction between humans and the environment - Demography and disease: Starting in 1730, the population of Western Europe grew very rapidly. By 1850 in Western society, dropping birth and death rates led to a stable population as a result of industrialization. In places where they colonized, many locals died of diseases brought by Europeans. However, overall sanitation and disease prevention increased and the rates of disease decreased. - Migration: Overall, due to the need for jobs and improved transportation technologies, migration dramatically increased during this time period. Many agricultural farmers migrated to cities due to industrialization. Also, many middle class families moved into suburbs from cities. - Patterns of Settlement: The need for laborers in the United States caused many Europeans to settle here. Another reason for this movement was many people were faced with hardships and dreamt of a better life and came to North and South America to live. - Technology: The steam engine, rifles, machine guns, telegraphs, canals, the Trans- Siberian Railroad and the factory system were all technologies that arose in the Industrial period and improved many citizens way of life.2. Development and Interaction of Cultures - Religions: During this time, the church’s influence was reduced and it was no longer the center of Western life. Instead, Enlightenment thinkers, who criticised the church’s influence, stressed the importance of reason rather than religion. - Belief systems, philosophies and ideologies: In many regions Enlightenment ideas questioned traditions, developed thoughts about the individual, natural rights, and often sparked revolutionary movements. Utilitarianism was a belief system which stressed the importance of Western education and was adamant in ending the practice of sati. - Science and technology: In the 1880s, Louis Pasteur discovered germs, which led to improved sanitary conditions. Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution and the idea that all living things have a common ancestry. - Art and technology: Many regions of the world began adopting Western artistic styles, which were influenced by Asian, African and Middle Eastern art. Artistic styles such as Romanticism, which was very emotional, and Realism, the rejection of Romanticism which shows suffering and details of life, arose during this time. 3. State-building, Expansion and Conflict - Political structures and forms of governance: Overall discontent with imperialist and monarchist rule led to political ideologies such as liberalism, socialism and communism, which became the driving forces for many governments. Also, the new issues that arose during this time provoked the gradual move to representative government and democracies instead of a one-man rule in many areas. However, there are exceptions to this move to a more democratic rule, especially at first. - Empires: Many industrial areas such as European nations and Japan established empires in Asia, Africa and the Pacific. The Spanish and Portuguese empires declined in their influence. The

Ottoman Empire was on the decline since the 16th century, but the French and British tried to revive the empire to avoid the Russians from taking the land. - Nations and Nationalism: Nationalism sparked many movements such as the American Revolution and the unification of both Germany and Italy. Nationalism also drove resistance against European colonialism in many Asian and African countries.- Revolts and Revolutions: The age of revolutions between 1770 and 1840 sparked many political upheavals and formed new political forms. In the American Revolution in 1775, Americans successfully gained independence from Britain. The French Revolution from 1789-1799 overthrew the old monarchy and created the French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte. Many Latin American regions also had independence movements during this time. In 1825 in Russia, the Decembrist uprising promoting reforms was put down by Tsar Nicholas I.- Regional, transregional and global structures and organizations: There was an increased global identity based on language, religion, territory and customs. This linked many diverse governments through a shared and united identity. 4. Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems - Agricultural and pastoral production: Overall, agricultural productivity increased, but the number of people, especially peasants in agriculture decreased. Russia was one of the few European countries that remained dependant on agriculture during the age of industrialization. - Trade and Commerce: Many regions became dependant on a single cash crop as the entered the global trading network. Trade with the Islamic world decreased significantly as trade with Latin America increased. The Trans-Atlantic slave trade ended during this time. The trade of Opium to China from Britain was problematic and showed the trade imbalance created by the powerful Western world. The rising number of Industrialists sought raw materials and new markets for their new goods, which increased overall global trade connections.- Labor systems: The factory system arose to replace the domestic system of making goods at home. In industrialized areas, many people formed labor unions to improve working conditions, wages and hours. - Industrialization: Britain was the first nation to industrialize, followed by the U.S., Western Germany, France, Northern Italy and the Netherlands. The Meiji Restoration in quickly allowed Japan to industrialize. Industrialization led to poor sanitary conditions in many crowded cities, When compared to the West, Russia was extremely far behind in terms of industrialization and still depended on agriculture. - Capitalism and Socialism: The development and spread of global capitalism provoked a variety of responses from different regions. Some people formed labor unions to gain better working conditions, some leaders attempted to maintain preindustrial economic forms and some governments promoted reforms all to fight global capitalism.5. Development and Transformation of Social Structures - Gender roles and relations: Upper class women were still doing household duties, now with more servant assistance, but they still had limited if not less influence outside of the home. Lower class women who had typically worked in houses or the fields now worked in factories and received lower wages than men. Demands for women’s suffrage and increased rights were developed and challenged gender inequalities.

- Family and kinship: Before industrialization, the workplace, commonly on farms, was the same as the home, and many men and women performed similar tasks. However, with industrialization, men often worked outside of the home while women stayed home with the children, creating a greater separation within family life. Even if women and children worked, all members of the family usually worked in separate places, much different than the pre-industrial times. Also, family dominance just based on noble birth declined in favor of dominance due to wealth. - Racial and ethnic constructions: Many migrants created ethnic enclaves, which were concentrations of specific ethnicities in different parts of the world, and helped form migrant support networks. - Social and economic classes: The proletariat class arose in many industrialized civilizations. Elites in Latin America continued to treat Indians and mestizos as inferior. As a result of common education, a knowledgeable middle class formed. The serfs were emancipated in Russia in 1861, gaining land but virtually no rights.

List of important people, events, ideas, groups and terms:

Berlin Conference British East India Company Boer Wars Boxer Rebellions Capitalist Reform Congress of Vienna Declaration of the Rights of Man Emancipation of Serfs French Revolution Haitian Revolution Imperialism Industrialization Japanese Wars José de San Martin Marxism Meiji Restoration Napoleon Bonaparte Nationalism Opium Wars Decembrist Uprising Russification Simón Bolívar Socialism Spanish-American War Spheres of Influence Steam Engine Suez Canal Suffrage Movements Taiping Rebellion Young Turks

List of important people, events, ideas, groups and terms

1. Berlin Conference- a. WHO: Otto von Bismarck hosted major European powersb. WHAT: resolved differences over various European claims to lands in the African Congoc. WHERE: Berlind. WHEN: 1884e. WTI: within three decades the entire continent of Africa was colonized with no native

voice; encouraged colonialism solely based on bargaining for political and economic advantage

2. British East India Company- a. WHO: led by Robert Clive (Britain); held a significant effect on Indians and the Britishb. WHAT: a company with exclusive rights over British trade with Indiac. WHERE: Indiad. WHEN: took power across India in the 1750’se. WTI: set up administrative regions throughout the empire (India); used as a base for

British expansion3. Boer Wars-

a. WHO: older Dutch colonists versus the newer British colonistsb. WHAT: the British attempted takeover due to findings of gold and diamonds in Boer

territory; resulted in British victory although due to the bloody and brutal fighting the British felt guilty giving lots of power to the remaining Boers as they decolonized later

c. WHERE: South Africad. WHEN: 1899-1902e. WTI: Africans were not allowed claims to gold and diamonds showing European social

Darwinism; South Africa became a significant British colony4. Boxer Rebellions-

a. WHO: nationalist Chinese peasants (anti-Manchu, anti-European, anti-Christian, and Society of Harmonious Fists)

b. WHAT: response to the Manchu government’s defeats; goal was to drive the Europeans and Japanese out of China; failed and resulted in the dispatch of foreign reinforcements who put down the rebellion

c. WHERE: Chinad. WHEN: early-1900’se. WTI: China forced to sign Boxer Protocol, resulting in crumbling of government and

with it the fall of an ancient civilization; republic established under Sun Yat-sen

5. Capitalist Reform- a. WHO: labor unionsb. WHAT: demand safer working conditions, limited hours, and restriction of children from

working in factories (Factory Act of 1883); public education becomes more widespread; abolishment of forced labor

c. WHERE: started in Britain, but spread to Europe and North Americad. WHEN: 1883

e. WTI: owners realized that a happy workforce is a productive and loyal one; larger middle class and greater social mobility; women returned to home because husbands received more money

6. Congress of Vienna- a. WHO: major European powersb. WHAT: balance of power needed to be maintained among existing powers of Europe to

prevent the rise of another Napoleonc. WHERE: Vienna (modern-day Austria)d. WHEN: 1815e. WTI: restored pre-Napoleonic France; rearranged some European boundaries; attempted

to erase the French Revolution and Napoleon; restored a royal order; lasted 50 years7. Declaration of the Rights of Man-

a. WHO: National Assembly of France; based on the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseaub. WHAT: recognized the natural rights based on ideas of the Enlightenment, the American

Declaration of Independencec. WHERE: Franced. WHEN: August, 1789e. WTI: distributed across Europe spreading ideas of freedom, equality, and rule of law;

abolished feudal system, altered monopoly of the Catholic Church by declaring freedom of religion; monarchy was removed; first modern “nation-state”

f. Document by American revolutionary intellectuals that triggered the Era of Revolution.8. Emancipation of Serfs-

a. WHO: Alexander IIb. WHAT: essentially abolished slavery but did little good; serfs were given small plots of

land for which they had to give huge payments to keepc. WHERE: Russiad. WHEN: 1860’se. WTI: peasants continued to live a meager existence compared to many of their western

European counterparts; built stage for revolution9. French Revolution-

a. WHO: peasant uprisingb. WHAT: revolution in France; resulted in  overthrow of the monarchy; ended with the

establishment of the French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; the source for many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe

c. WHERE: Franced. WHEN: 1789-1800e. WTI: ratified new constitution which influenced many reforms across Europe

10. Haitian Revolution- a. WHO: Pierre Toussaint L’Ouvertureb. WHAT: slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, ended slavery and founded

the Haitian Republicc. WHERE: Haitid. WHEN: 1801e. WTI: founded Haiti in 1804; first independent nation in Latin America, influencing many

nations to fight for independence; had negative social effects towards slaves throughout the Americas

11. Imperialism- a. WHO: European imperialism throughout the globeb. WHAT: the controlling of a state with, as opposed to colonies, no or few settlers  by a

foreign governmentc. WHERE: India, China, Africa, etc.d. WHEN: most of this periode. WTI: global trade was introduced, many times areas were forcibly entered; increased

trade, but brought the rise of social Darwinism and other racist ideas12. Industrialization-

a. WHO: Britain, then, slowly, the rest of the worldb. WHAT: series of changes in economy; stimulated by rapid population growth, increase in

agricultural productivity, and development of new means of transportation; in essence involves technological change and application of machines to the process of production.

c. WHERE: Western Europe then Americad. WHEN: mid-18th centurye. WTI: created need of raw material, need for colonies (they could be conquered because

of greater military strength industrialization provided

13. Japanese Wars- a. WHO: Japan vs. Russia; Japan vs. Chinab. WHAT: Japanese kicked Russia out of Manchuria, creating a sphere of influence; rising

Japanese power, gaining control of Taiwan from Chinac. WHERE: Manchuria; Japand. WHEN: R-1904; S-1895e. WTI: proved that Japan had what it took to be a world power and compete with Western

Europe; became the dominant force in Asia14. José de San Martin-

a. WHO: José de San Martinb. WHAT: Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America’s

successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire.c. WHERE: southern South Americad. WHEN: 1814-1820’se. WTI: fought off Spain’s hold on South America; showed the decline of the European

countries15. Marxism-

a. WHO: Karl Marx; Friedrich Engelsb. WHAT: factory workers had opportunities but were being exploited as a consequence of

capitalism; teachings of Karl Marx who saw earlier socialist movements as utopian; sees history as defined by class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production; preached necessity of social revolution to create proletarian dictatorship.

c. WHERE: Germanyd. WHEN: 1864 (Communist Manifesto)e. WTI: served as the foundations of Socialism and Communism

16. Meiji Restoration- a. WHO: Emperor Mutsuhito A.K.A Meiji or Enlightened Oneb. WHAT: Reforms that changed Japan’s basic political structure. These reforms got rid of

feudalism and daimyos. They were replaced by prefects, district administrators based off of the French system. This effectively centralized power. The emperor also sent samurai to the West in order to learn how to develop Japan. The samurai class was soon abolished as social reform took place. Eventually they created the Diet using civil service examinations.

c. WHERE: Japand. WHEN: 1868- Emperor Mutsuhito takes over. 1889- Diet createde. WTI: This was a major point in Japan’s history as it created a strong and stable political

base for later global activities that Japan would participate in. It also allowed Japan to expose itself to the West without losing its identity.

17. Napoleon Bonaparte-a. WHO: Napoleon Bonaparteb. WHAT: Napoleon Bonaparte converted the revolutionary republic into an authoritarian

empire. He took away power from the parliament and used a police force to limit freedom of the citizens. However, he also gave the people religious freedom and social equality (men only). He trained bureaucrats through a centralized secondary school and university system. These changes were all important, however Napoleon focused on expanding France bringing into conflict with almost all of Europe. His army was crushed during the winter in Russia. His empire soon collapsed as the conquered people became more resistant to his rule and organized by Britain.

c. WHERE: France and throughout Europed. WHEN: 1799-1812, 1815 was the fall of the French Empiree. WTI: This is important because it spread the idea of revolution, equality under law and

the attack of institutions such as aristocracy, church, and craft guilds.18. Nationalism-

a. WHO: Inspired by leaders throughout this time period in order to lead revolutions.b. WHAT: Nationalism caused people to trust in the fact that their .aders would protect

them and act in their best interest, because they too wanted the best for the country. It was often used as an excuse for leaders to exploit there people to gain money under false pretenses.

c. WHERE: It was used specifically in Europe.d. WHEN: Throughout this time period, continuing on into Unit IVe. WTI: Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe. It urged importance of

nationally unity and valued a collective identity based on culture, ethnic origin, or race. This was the cause of many revolutions that shaped this time period.

19. Opium Wars-a. WHO: British merchants and Chinese governmentb. WHAT: The Chinese Emperor’s son got killed from addiction to opium forcing laws to

be passed. This was against the best interests of the British as they were making off the addicted Chinese population. They refused to stop trading opium and used their military forces to force the Chinese into submission. The Chinese lost easily and were dominated.

c. WHERE: Chinad. WHEN: Early 19th Century to 1850’s

e. WTI: The British began trading opium with Chinese. Their opium was more addictive and powerful causing the bureaucracy of China to fail. It shows the growth of power of West Europe as they could now take over and control one of the most powerful countries in the world.

20. Decembrist Uprising- a. WHO: Nicholas I and Western-oriented army officersb. WHAT: An uprising that led Nicholas I to tighten his control over the citizens of Russia.

This uprising was caused by a lack of succession to the throne after Tsar Alexander I died. Many soldier supported Tsar Alexander I’s brother, Constantine.

c. WHERE: St. Petersburg, Russiad. WHEN: 1825e. WTI: Although they were crushed by Nicholas I, the Decembrist Uprising inspired future

generations of reformers, despite being poorly organized.21. Russification-

a. WHO: Ukraine, Poland, and Lithuaniab. WHAT: Process which countries went through to adopt Russian policies and culture; “to

be more Russian”c. WHERE: ascension areas to the Russian Empire d. WHEN: 1831e. WTI: unified the area under the Russian Empire with one culture

22. Simón Bolívar- a. WHO: Venezuelan military and political leader and the prime leader of the northern part

of South America’s successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire.b. WHAT: A wealthy Creole officer that was the leader of the revolt against Spainc. WHERE: Northern South America; Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia regiond. WHEN: He first won support in 1817 and by 1822 he had won a series of battle and

created Gran Colombia. This was broken up in 1830.e. WTI: He freed North South America from colonial rule and created Gran Colombia

which broke up due to regional differences. He rejected all attempts to crown him as king; instead he remained committed to the cause of independence and a republican government.

23. Socialism- a. WHO: Pierre Leroux among othersb. WHAT: political movement with origins in western Europe during the 19th century;

urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploitation of the working man.

c. WHERE: originated in Britain, spread to many parts of the worldd. WHEN: 1827e. WTI: fought with democracy; influenced the beginning of World War I

24. Spanish-American War- a. WHO: America and Spain fighting over Cuba and Puerto Rico, the Philippines were also

involved. b. WHAT: in the American intervention in the Caribbean and annexation of both Puerto

Rico and the Philippines.c. WHERE: Throughout Latin America, specifically the Caribbeand. WHEN:1898-1902

e. WTI: This war demonstrated the growing influence of America. It also showed the effect their interventionist policies had on the rest of the world.

25. Spheres of Influence- a. WHO: Europeb. WHAT: A concept division over which a state or organization has significant cultural,

economic, military, or political influence. c. WHERE: During this era, Western Europe and America expanded their spheres of

influence.d. WHEN: Throughout the Dawn of the Industrial Agee. WTI: Showed the growing power of both old and new colonizers and how they affected

their colonies.26. Steam Engine-

a. WHO: Invented by James Watt, this invention kicked off the industrial revolution as it acted for the base for industrialized societies. It gave a non-living source of energy that could be harnessed as motion and also allowed for faster traveling in steam engine-powered transportation vehicles.

b. WHAT: The invention by James Watt that set off the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe

c. WHERE: Scotlandd. WHEN: 1770- Creation of steam enginee. WTI: It kicked off the industrial revolution, revolutionizing all aspects of life.

27. Suez Canal- a. WHO: Allowed Britain easy access to their colonies in India and Asiab. WHAT: The Suez Canal was a major commercial and military link to countries in the

East, connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors; with increasing indebtedness of khedives, permitted intervention of British into Egyptian politics to protect their investment.

c. WHERE: It was constructed in Egypt.d. WHEN: Completed in 1869e. WTI: It gave the British more power and access to their colonies and showed the

complete lack of powers that the khedival regime had28. Suffrage Movements-

a. WHO: Women’s rights leaders, such as Emmeline Pankhurst, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony.

b. WHAT: Movements by women for voting rights.c. WHERE: Around the world. Concentrated in Europed. WHEN: Early 1900’s-presente. WTI: Showed changing global perspective on previously unquestioned pillars of society

29. Taiping Rebellion- a. WHO: Led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-Christianized prophetb. WHAT: This rebellion broke out in south China in the 1850’s and early 1860’s and

sought to overthrow Qing dynasty and Confucian basis of scholar-gentry. Although it was not successful, it completely wrecked the Qing dynasty, making it even more vulnerable to British and other colonizers.

c. WHERE: Chinad. WHEN: Early 1850’s to early 1860’s

e. WTI: It demonstrated the complete lack of power that the Qing dynasty had. This also showed the unstable nature of China at the current time period.

30. Young Turks- a. WHO: Exiled Turkish intellectuals and political agitatorsb. WHAT: Secular Turkish nationalist reform party in the early 20th century, favoring

reformation of the absolute monarchy of the Ottoman Empire.c. WHERE: Ottoman Empired. WHEN: 1889- Creation of Young Turkse. WTI: They defeated the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid and attempted to reform the

Ottoman Empire in order to ensure its success. They succeeded only because of military sympathy. However they were destroyed in WWI, despite attempts to preserve their country by playing hostile European powers off of each other.

Around the GlobeDuring the Dawn of the Industrial Age (1750-1914), the world experienced largely

influential changes. Individual powers gained substantial strength and power from military technology, while other more conservative or less advanced regions fell short of European strength and were subjugated by these powers. Colonizing nations fought each other for power over the colonized nations, leading to a major change in the patterns seen in the world before. With the newfound European dominance during this period, other nations experienced new political systems and ideas.

During the 19th century, Europe began to undergo its Industrial Revolution. With advanced industrial technology, they were able to overpower many colonies. Nations “scrambled” for colonial possessions, a way to flaunt their strength. In addition to the industrial age, mass uprisings emerged in Europe. Most notably, the French Revolution of 1789 resorted to radicalism to change the incapable and ineffective government. This revolution not only inspired others, but it was also an example of a failed revolution because it failed to establish an effective government numerous times. Towards the end of the 19th century, diplomatic tensions arose from domestic developments in various European nations such as social protest and nationalism.

In the Americas, the United States steadily emerged as a power. Through the American Revolution, the U.S. was able to establish an effective political system. Ambitious and power-hungry, the U.S. warned other countries of their increasing power through documents such as the Monroe Doctrine. Just south, in South America, movements for independence from the Europeans erupted. Key leaders such as Toussaint L’Overture in St. Domingue, Father Miguel de Hidalgo in Mexico, José de San Martin in southern South America, and Pedro I in Brazil led independence movements. By the end of the 19th century, all Latin American countries had earned their independence, albeit, many failed to establish effective governments, leading to stagnation and instability. However, trade relationships with other nations, intervention (especially by the U.S.), and exported goods slightly rose after independence.

In Asian colonies, European dominance seemed unstoppable. In Java, the Dutch allied with the rival princes earning them, eventually, the entire island. In India, the British relied on Indian troops, sepoys, to establish the British Raj and form three presidencies. The Europeans, especially the British, enforced their own beliefs into the social systems of the natives, leading to much discontent. In China, the last dynasty, the Qing Dynasty underwent the typical dynastic cycle, ending in 1911 due to bureaucratic breakdown, social disintegration, the Opium War, and internal rebellions. Nearby, Japan became less isolated and experienced an Industrial Revolution, strengthening it for years ahead.

During this period, focus on military strength allowed Russia to expand rapidly across Europe and Asia. However, this also caused social problems within the nation, leading to numerous revolutions that were repressed and unattended. Small attempts were made to stabilize the region, such as the Stolypin reforms, but problems with internal rebellion continued all the way into the coming world war.

In the Middle East and Arab Islamic Heartlands, the Ottoman Empire was slowly crumbling. Although its decline was progressive, many leaders and reforms succeeded in preserving it until the 20th century. In Africa, the British did not formally colonize Egypt but drew it into its sphere of influence. Despite this, the rest of Africa was partitioned, and settlement colonies were established with numbers of Europeans living in the colonized areas; this often caused great conflict between the natives and the Europeans.

In this unit, the emergence of European dominance plays a crucial role in world history. Their actions greatly impact their colonies and other nations; most importantly they are among the many causes for the coming war.http://schoolworkhelper.net/french-revolution-causes-significant-events/

The French Revolution was a political reconstruction of Western Europe and

inspired many revolutions to come.

http://www.scoop.it/t/opium-wars/p/1454799560/in-our-time-the-opium-wars

The opium war was the way western nations had made the Chinese trade

with other countries.

http://clogic.eserver.org/2003/sanjuan.html

Marxism was the beginning of socialist ideals and the origin of

governments like communism.

http://taipingrebellion.com/

The Taiping Rebellion occurred from 1850-1864 and was a large scale

rebellion against the Qing dynasty and foreign presence in the empire.

http://www.meade.k12.ky.us/trt/Teachers/Secondary/SS_Studies/Webquest_You_Were_There/World%20War%20I%20WebQuest.htm

World War 1 was the first truly global war, occurring from 1914 until 1918,

involving nearly every area of the world, and it was fought between the

Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance.

http://www.mygovcost.org/2013/03/22/federal-government-still-spending-for-civil-war-spanish-american-war/

The Spanish-American War was a war in 1898 that was between the

Spanish and the Americans that gave the Americans colonial authority

over many colonial possessions.

http://www.colonialwarsny.org/whoweare.htm

The Seven Years war was fought from 1756 to 1763. This was fought

between the British and French/Spanish over colonial holdings.

http://www.soldierstudies.org/index.php?action=webquest_1

The American Civil War was fought between the southern slave states and

the northern free states from 1861 to 1865.

http://histclo.com/act/work/slave/am/sa-bra.html

Brazil was the last western hemisphere country to abolish slaver doing so

in 1888

http://mdoctrine.weebly.com/content.html

The Monroe Doctrine, introduced in 1823, stated that further European intervention

in the Americas would be considered a hostile act towards the United States.

20 Questions & Answers:

1. Which of the following is true in the appeal of revolutions to South Americans in their quest for independence?

a.) Brazil and Argentina were attracted to the French Revolution’s success in establishing a democracy.

b.) Mexico soon developed an American imitation government in 1879.

c.) The South Americans admired the American Revolution for its success and feared aspects of the Haitian Revolution.

d.) The Creole elites saw the Haitian Revolution as an admirable success.

 2. What year did the Taiping Rebellion begin?

a.) 1808b.) 1823c.) 1827d.) 1858 

3. What did revolts such as the Boxer and Taiping Rebellion reveal about China?

a.) The Chinese government was not allowing enough Western influences into the region.

b.) The Chinese government was becoming continuously corrupt and careless of the welfare of the people.

c.) The majority of Chinese people believed that the landlord class would run an effective government and enable China to prosper.

d.) The Chinese people wanted a society and government based on secularism rather than Confucianism.

e.) China could not fix their problems without Japanese intervention. 

4. Muhammed Ali’s efforts for Westernization in Egypta.) Fell far short of the fundamental transformation of Egyptian

societyb.) Succeed and Ali established a western style parliamentary

governmentc.) Were supported and encouraged by Napoleand.) Allowed him to create a conscript army based off of the French

and the army later helped him launch an attack on Crimeae.) Failed terribly because he ordered the elite to begin the

production of cotton, hemp while extending irrigation and public works

 

5. The Berlin Conferencea.)  Was a great success because it divided Africa into boundaries in which ethnic groups interacted peacefullyb.)  Gave the country of Germany universal suffragec.)  Was the official conference that instated the Schlieffen plan of fighting for the Nazis during WWIId.)  Partitioned Africa and gave complete control of Africa back to the peoplee.)  Partitioned Africa into states that grouped rival ethnic groups, often creating major conflict 

6. Which of the following documents gave the U.S entitlement to affiliate with South American governments

a.)  Treaty of Guadelupe-Hildagob.)  Emancipation Proclamationc.)  Monroe Doctrined.)  Nixon Protection Bill 

7. The Opium War, fought between Britain and Chinaa.)  Ended with a remarkable Chinese victory as the British navy was too small to ever reach the Chinese mainlandb.)  Ended with a British victory and the signing of the Treaty of Nanking giving Britain trade rights over Chinac.)  Was in a stalemate until Japanese intervention on behalf of China resulting in eventual British defeatd.)  Ended with British realization that opium was a very harmful drug, and they destroyed it all 

8. The Mexican priest who wanted to win rights for the creoles wasa.)  Toussaint L’Overtureb.)  Augustin de Inturbidec.)   Fr. Miguel de Hildagod.)  Jose de San Martin

 9. Brazil gained their indepenced in ___ and slave independence in

___a.)  1888, 1822b.)  1856, 1888c.)   1901, 1905d.)  1822, 1888

 10. The Latin American economies

a.) Depended heavily on exports to countries like the United Statesb.) Was very stable with the equal number of exports and importsc.) Was extremely unstable as a result of all the horses that diedd.) Depended heavily on exports to countries like Africa and Bablyon

 11. What was the reason for the Ottoman Society for Union and

Progress?a.) They were determined to restore the constitution of 1876b.) They wanted to create the first robot to land on Jupiterc.) To support dictatorship rule of Iran and force the citizens to

abide by the constitution of 1856d.) The Ottoman empire wanted to create closer ties to trade

networks in Europe 

12. What was the main goal of the Tanzimat Reforms?a.) To Westernize the lower class and turn them into merchantsb.) To Westernize the Ottoman empire in the upper classc.) To get rid of western influence in the government and move to

more of a Chinese style bureaucracyd.) To get Ryan Lochte to swim for the Ottomans

13. What was the primary difference between the Western and Russian empires?

a.)  The Russian empire lacked economic significance and failed to develop even regional commercial dominanceb.)  The Russian empire stayed outside the Western-dominated world economyc.)   The Russian empire lacked the new military technology, particularly the use of gunpowderd.)  Russia's expansion involved only limited commercial exchange. 

14. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of popular support for Luther’s religious reform movement?

a.)  The poor supported Luther’s movement in return for Luther’s promise of redistribution of land and property.b.)  German merchants refused to support Lutheranism, because the reform movement was less favorable to money-making than Catholicism.c.)   Luther failed to attract the support of the German princess, because he advocated the overthrow of their authority in favor of unification under the Holy Roman Empire.d.)  German princes who turned Protestant could increase their independence

 15. Which of the following was the cause of the French Revolution?

a.)  Enlightenment endorsement of parliamentary monarchyb.)  Autocratic rule of Napoleon Bonapartec.)   The upper class wanting to limit church involvement in lower class affairsd.)  The middle class demand for greater political representation 

16. Which of the following statements is true of the world economy from 1750-1914?

a.)  New industrialization allowed for the total global connection including the New World and Africab.)  China became a major world trading partner to almost all of the countries in the world.c.)   From 1750 to 1914, little globalized trade occurred due to the abundant amount of natural resources in all countries.d.)  The Africans liked to chase each other with sticks

 17. Why did the Chinese abandon the commercial voyages of the

Zhenghe expeditions?a.)  Many of the ships were lost as a result of poor ship design and inadequate sailing technologyb.)  Weak sailors, the Chinese quickly lost the nerve to travel long distancesc.)   The size of the fleets was so limited that they could not compete with the greater capacity of the European voyagesd.)  There was little of value for the Chinese to import, and the voyages were expensive to carry out

18. What was the position of Atlantic slave trade during this time period?

a.) They recognized it as morally wrong but never issued a document banning the trade

b.) Atlantic Slave trade was banned and slave trade throughout Africa was brought to a complete stop

c.) Atlantic slave trade was banned but slave trade still continued at a very low rate

d.) The Africans were deemed inadequate to use as slaves because they kept chasing each other with sticks

19. Which European power seized territories of the Ottoman Empire in the early decades of the eighteenth century?

a.) Britainb.) Francec.) Italy

d.) Austria-Hungary

20. Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan did which of the followinga.) Refused to introduce any reforms whatsoeverb.) Attempted to restore the absolutism and destroy the Western-style

constitution of his predecessorc.) Successfully eliminated the Janissary corps as a military and political

influenced.) Was topped form the throne by a Janissary revolt

Quiz Answers:

1. C2. D3. B4. A5. E6. C7. B8. C9. D10.A11.A12.B13.D14.A15.D16.A17.D18.C19.D20.C