Section 2 Politics and The People

Meeting of the Estates General 1789 Meeting of the Three Estates Has not been called for 150 Years Response to Financial Crisis and Hope to Increase Taxes Common Agreements

1. Constitutional Monarchy with National Assembly2. Protection of Liberties3. Clergy improved

PROBLEM Over Representation and Votingo Each estate is represented by delegates

3rd estate gets as many delegates as 1st and 2nd combined-Composed completely of Bourgeoisie (Lawyers, Merchants, Etc.)-Cahiers: LONG List of grievances and complaints

o Each Estate Gets One Vote Behind Closed Doors 1st and 2nd Estate always vote together, usually against 3rd estate

o 3rd ESTATE IS OUTRAGEDA few Liberal members of 1st and 2nd Estate join the 3rd

The Third Estate Awakens: Tennis Court Oath and The Storming of the Bastille

The 3rd Estate Forms The National Assemblyo Tennis Court Oath

Promises Not to Disband until a New Constitution was Written

Jacques Louis David: The Tennis Court Oath

Deeper analysis of Tennis Court Oath Portrait: http://pages.uoregon.edu/dluebke/301ModernEurope/TennisCourtOath.html

Storming of the Bastille by the Paris Urban Poor(Artisans, Shop Owners, Urban Laborers)

Causes:-Serious Depression and Famine in France-Poor Harvest Outrageous Bread Prices Bread Riots-Domestic Production Plummets-Unemployment Rises

https://history105.libraries.wsu.edu/fall2014/2014/08/31/jared-anderson-history-project/

-Rumor: Troops were gathering to end Riots and Chaos

http://www.absurdintellectual.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/bastilledaysm.png

July 13th 1789

-Angry crowd crashes into Fort/Prison of Bastille

-Searching for guns and ammo

-Governor of Prison is Hacked Apart

-Head placed on Pike and paraded through city

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Charles_Th%C3%A9venin,_The_Storming_of_the_Bastille_on_14_July_1789,_ca._1793.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/archive/c/ca/20060719001618!Heads_on_pikes.jpg

King Louis XVI“Is this a revolt?”…. Government Official: “No Sire, it is a revolution”

THE Great Fear-Rural peasants also rose against Noble Lords

-Ransacked Noble Homes-Destroyed Feudal Obligation Papers-Seized land-Didn’t pay their Taxes

Many Nobles Fled France known as the Emigres

http://lettres.tice.ac-orleans-tours.fr/php5/coin_eleve/gvq/gvqgdepeurhtml/images/carte.jpg

-National Assembly: The Rights of Man

-Voted to end Feudalism AND OLD ORDER

-Declared Equality of Taxation

-Inspired by Enlightened thought and American Revolution

-Wrote Declaration of the Rights of Man

-Assisted by what American?

- Listed major rights of French Citizens- Liberty, Property, Security,

- Due Process -Taxes by consent

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Women's_March_on_Versailles01.jpg

-Parisian Women march of Versailles- Paris women fed up with rising bread prices and starving children- Thousands invaded Versailles “We want bread”

-Don’t want to anger hungry women- Look for hated Marie Antoinette:

“We are going to cut off her head, tear her heart out and fry her liver”-Calmer Heads prevail and King is forced back to Paris

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1789-1791 The Constitutional Monarchy New Political Order

o (Bourgeois) National Convention Becomes the Legislative Assembly (Legislative Body of France)o King is head Executiveo French Nobility is abolishedo Redrew France into 83 approximately equal districts

o“Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité”  Motto of the French Revolution

Religious Reconstructiono More Secularo Religious Toleration for Jews and Protestantso Nationalized Catholic Church and Clergyo Clergy Forced to Swear Loyalty to New Governmento Government Nationalized All Church Land and Monasteries

Sold Land Off Peasants became most new propertied group

Increases their loyalty to the revolution

Economy based on Classical Liberalismo Eliminated Monopolies

o Elimination of Guildso No Workers Unionso No Trade Barrierso Issued Paper Money: “Assignats”

What about oppression against women? Some Rights were Attained:

o Divorceo Inherit Propertyo Child Support

Remember Mary Wollstonecrafto Women have equal intellectual potentialo Can contribute economically and politically

Olympe de Gougeso Much work was yet to be doneo Declaration of the Rights of Women

National Assembly’s response view of women’s rights- Women belong at home

These revolutionary changes begin to divide the French People

Ideas of Revolution Spread to other places in the French World: Saint Dominigue

-Diverse Groupings of people

-Dominated in population by Free and Enslaved Africans

Beginnings-Rescind of Code Noir

- Granting free African people the same rights as whites.

-New Laws discriminated against free people of African Descent

-Clothing, names, profession

-Violence between blacks and whites occurs

-Inspired by ideas of liberty, equality, and abolition

http://wweb.uta.edu/faculty/garrigus/Gallery_Saint-Domingue/Atlantic%20basin2.jpg