ap english vocabulary kari truong & john fitzgerald
TRANSCRIPT
AP English VocabularyKari Truong & John Fitzgerald
Logical Fallacies
Definition: Errors in reasoning and often occur in arguments.
- Napoleon was too short to be a distinguished general.
Either or reasoning: restricting the complex aspects of a difficult problem to only one of two solutions.
- Marry me or you’ll end up single forever.
Over simplification: providing simplistic answers to complex problems.
- Ban handguns and stop organized crime.
Logos
Definition: The use of or appeal to reason to determine a character’s actions or persuade to an argument, rather than ethics or emotions.
Examples:
- The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
- y = mx + b
- John’s birthday is January 11th, 1994.
Metaphor
Definition: The implicit comparison or identification of one thing with another without using a verbal signal such as “like” or “as”.
Examples:
- “The rain came down in long knitting needles” – Enid Bagnold, National Velvet
- “A man make break a word with you, sir, and words are but wind – Shakespeare, The Comedy of Errors
- “Time is a dressmaker, specializing in alterations” – Faith Baldwin, Face Toward the Spring 1956
Nostalgia
Definition: Desire to return in thought or fact to a former time.
Examples:
- “To dwell even fitfully on the past, for James, was to risk crippling nostalgia; the past was the shadow side of will and therefore must be rejected.” —Jackson Lears
- A wave of nostalgia swept over me when I saw my childhood home.
- Kenyonf, your nostalgia is for a time that never existed. — They All Lost
Oxymoron
Definition: A figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory elements.
Examples:
I. Music (Kid Cudi – Soundtrack 2 My Life)
- “Most of the clean faces be the most dirty.”
II. He’s awfully nice for giving her flowers.
III. John is a perfect screw up.
Paradox
Definition: A statement that seems contradictory, but is actually true.
Examples:
- “If you love someone, then you’ll let them go.”
- "I can resist anything but temptation.“ – Oscar Wilde
- “I must be cruel to be kind.” – Shakespeare in Hamlet
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