ap chemistry chapter two atoms & elements please do not memorize dates--i will never ask you for...
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![Page 1: Ap CHemistry Chapter Two Atoms & Elements Please do not memorize dates--I will never ask you for an exact one. However, you should have an idea (century-wise)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e615503460f94b5cc93/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ap CHemistryAp CHemistryChapter TwoChapter Two
Atoms & ElementsAtoms & Elements
Please do not memorize dates--I will never ask you for an exact one.However, you should have an idea (century-wise) of when
events/discoveries happened.
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Ben FranklinBen Franklin1706-1790Two types charge
Positive & negative
Charges balance
If there is a positive charge,
somewhere there is a negative charge of equal magnitude
Still didn’t know about electrons
But had electricity
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Henri BecquerelHenri Becquerel 1852-1908 1852-1908
Uranium on photographic plates
Emitted Rays
Pals with Marie Curie
She called it radioactivity
Marie Curie
Isolated polonium and radium
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Cathode Ray TubeJ. J. Thompson
Evacuated glass tube
Metal electrodes
electric current produced glowing beamBent by magnetic field
ElectronsPlease to go the following link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdTxGJjA4Jw
There are more slides
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Ernest Rutherford
Nucleus small, dense
Gold Foil Experiment1909
Positive charge
Atom mostly empty space
Please go to this web page, but there are more slides after this one
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/ruther14.swf
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Robert Milliken1868-1953
Measured charge on electronOil Drop Experiment
http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&q=oil%20drop%20experiment&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=iv#
Please follow this link
Like a perfume sprayer
Gives droplets a charge
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James Chadwick 1891- 1974Neutron
Alpha particles hit beryllium
Beryllium released radiation
Radiation hit wax & caused protons to come off
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Atomic Number & Mass
Cr24
51.99
Z= atomic numberalso = #protons
Atomic number gives atom its identity
Average massfrom isotopes
Mass from neutrons and protons
Relative mass
Look at atom’s mass in relation to the mass of carbon
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The Mole
Latin: heap
1 mole = 6.022 x 1023
Li6.941
1 mole = 6.022 x 1023 atoms, ions, molecules
3Al13
26.98This many grams = 1 moleDifferent for each element
But
AlwaysDiatomic
H, N,O , and HalidesNeed to double massN
14.0 1 mole = 28.0 g
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The Periodic LawMendeleevarranged by mass
Moseley
arranged by atomic masscurrently
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/5810-atomic-structure-periodic-law-video.htm
Please view the following 2 links
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/5811-atomic-structure-modern-periodic-table-video.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrK8mK_v1XY
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Quiz yourselfQuiz yourselfExperimented with photographic plates& discovered radioactivityHenri Becquerel
Named Becquerel’s discovery radioactivityMarie Curie
Who discovered the electron & what experimentJ.J. Thompson, Cathode Ray
How did Thompson determine the electron was negativeBent in magnetic field
What scientist demonstrated the existence of the nucleus & what experiment
Rutherford, Gold foil
What else did Rutherford’s experiment show about the nucleussmall, dense, + charge, contributes the mass
Who measured the charge on the electron & what experimentMillikan, Oil drop
What is the atomic number of oxygen,how many electrons & protons8,8,8What is the mass of 1 mole of oxygen32.0 g It is diatomic
The mass of the elements are relative to what other element Carbon
What elements are diatomichydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and the halidesWho is credited with the first periodic table &
how was it arranged?Mendeleev, by mass
Who changed Mendeleev’s arrangement, and how are the elements currently ordered?Moseley, by atomic number
100 %!!!