a&p chapter 31 the reproductive system
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Chapter 31A&P
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IntroductionThe function of the
reproductive system is human reproduction.
Human reproduction results from the union of a female sex cell and a male sex cell.
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Female reproductive systemThe Vagina
Hallow, pear shaped muscular organ.
Located in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity.
Three areas of the uterus:
BodyIsthmusNeck or cervix
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Female reproductive systemFallopian Tubes
Also called uterine tubes or oviducts
Found laterally on either side of the uterus
Move the ovum from the ovaries to the uterus
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Female reproductive systemOvaries
Located on either side of the uterus
Attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligament
Produce ova and hormones
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Female reproductive systemThe Vagina
A musculomembranous tube that extends from the uterus to the vestibule.
Functions of the uterus include:
CopulationPassageway for
discharge of menstruation
Birth canal
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Female reproductive systemVulva consists of 5
organs that comprise the external female genitalia:
Mons pubisLabia majoriaLabia minoriaVestibuleClitorisThe area between the
vulva and the anus is the perineum.
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Female reproductive systemBreasts
Mammary glands
Provide milk for infants
Prolactin stimulates the production of milk
Menstrual CycleThe onset is called
menarche.
Cessation is called menopause.
Repeats approximately every 28 days
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Male reproductive systemPurpose is to provide
sperm cells to the ovum.
Consists of the following:Testes and ductsUrethraAccessory glands;
bulbourethral, prostate and seminal vesicles
Accessory sex organs; scrotum and penis
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Male reproductive systemExternal organs
External organs consist of the scrotum and the penis.
Scrotum contains smooth muscle fibers that contract, allowing for viability of the spermatozoa.
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Male reproductive systemInternal Organs
Testes (gonads)-site of development of the male reproductive cells & the hormone testosterone
Epidydymis- coiled tube 13-20 feet in length, ends at the ductus deferens; maturation of sperm cells.
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Male reproductive systemDuctus deferens- vas
deferens, it is the excretory duct of the testes
Seminal vesicles- store sperm and produce semen.
Prostate gland-lies below the bladder and secretes fluid into the semen.
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Male reproductive systemBulbourethral gland-
secrete mucous secretion into the seminal fluid before ejaculation.
Urethra- extends from the bladder to the urethral orifice (meatus)
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Prostate cancer warning signsThe following are some potential prostate
cancer warning signs or signs of BPH:incomplete emptying of the bladder dribbling difficulty starting urination reduced force of the stream frequent urination of small amounts pain with urination ejaculation pain blood in the urine