a&p chapter 27 the respiratory system
TRANSCRIPT
The Respiratory System
A&P
Chapter 27
Introduction
The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen.
The blood delivers the oxygen to the parts of the body (cells need what 3 things?)
Inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Respiration is achieved through the mouth,
nose, trachea, lungs and diaphragm.
Organs of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose Pharynx or Throat
Lower Respiratory Tract
Larynx or Voice Box Trachea or Windpipe Bronchi Bronchioles
The Nose
Organ of smell Apparatus of respiration and
voice Warms & moistens air Cilia traps dust Sounds during speaking
and singing External structures are
called nares Nasal mucosa produce 1
quart a day; drains into sinuses.
Pharynx
Musculo-membranous tube about 5 inches long.
Connects to the trachea and the esophagus
Passage way of air and food
Assist with speech 3 pairs of tonsils in the
pharynx-help control infection
Larynx
Voice box Structure made of
muscles and cartilage Cartilage helps protect
from trauma “Adam’s apple” Epiglottis-covers
trachea during swallowing
Production of vocal cords
Trachea
“Windpipe” Tube of cartilage about
4.5” long Connects larynx to
main bronchi Lined with mucous
membrane and cilia to trap foreign matter
Important fx.= breathing
Bronchi
Two main branches of brinchi stretch from trachea and the lungs
Provide a passage way Lungs divide at the hilum
Bronchi divide into smaller branches called bronchioles.
End at alveoli
Alveoli
Small air sacs that support a network of capillaries that allow for oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer
Inflate and deflate as air moves in and out
Lungs
Pink at birth Turn grey color with age Porous and spongy with
high elasticity Right lung has 3 lobes Left lung has 2 lobes Lungs are separated by
the mediastinum – heart, trachea, esophagus and blood vessels
Lungs
Pleura are thin sheets of epithelium
Pleural membranes cover the outer surface of the lung and the inside of the thoracic cavity
Space in between is called the pleural space
Produces surfactant.
Diseased Lungs
Mechanism of Breathing
Ventilation is movement to and from the alveoli
Inhalation and exhalation are completed from the nervous system and the muscles of the respiratory system
CNS-medulla oblongata and the Pons
Muscles-intercostals and diaphragm
Lifespan Considerations
Premature babies may be given surfactant. Surfactant is found in mature lungs and will decrease the occurrence of respiratory distress and lung damage in infants
Newborn RR=30-80 1 year RR=20-40 5 years RR=20-25
Lifespan Considerations
Older adults may increase RR due to pollution, smoking and lung disease
Less mucous and cilia < function= increased mucous and chance of infection
Skeletal changes in older adults allow susceptibility to bronchitis and pneumonia
Patient Teaching
Vary daily activities according to respiratory status
Environmental irritants should be avoided
Compliance with medications
Patients with pulmonary diseases should avoid individual who are sick
Case Study
What could Joe have done early to reduce his risk of COPD?
Why was an antibiotic prescribed? Two puffs of medicine q4h?