ap biology 2006-2007 transport in plants ap biology transport in plants h 2 o & minerals ...
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![Page 1: AP Biology 2006-2007 Transport in Plants AP Biology Transport in plants H 2 O & minerals transport in xylem transpiration evaporation, adhesion](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c0271a28abf838cd6433/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2006-2007 AP Biology
Transport in Plants
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AP Biology
Transport in plants H2O & minerals
transport in xylem transpiration
evaporation, adhesion & cohesion negative pressure
Sugars transport in phloem bulk flow
Calvin cycle in leaves loads sucrose into phloem positive pressure
Gas exchange photosynthesis
CO2 in; O2 out stomates
respiration O2 in; CO2 out roots exchange gases within air spaces in soil
Why doesover-wateringkill a plant?
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AP Biology
Ascent of xylem fluid - overview Transpiration: loss of
water vapor from leaves pulls water from roots (transpirational pull); cohesion and adhesion of water
Root pressure: at night (low transpiration), roots cells continue to pump minerals into xylem; this generates pressure, pushing sap upwards; guttation
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AP Biology
Ascent of xylem fluid
Transpiration pull generated by leaf
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AP Biology
Water & mineral absorption Water absorption from soil
osmosis aquaporins
Mineral absorption active transport proton pumps
active transport of H+
H2O
root hair
aquaporin
proton pumps
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AP Biology
Mineral absorption Proton pumps
active transport of H+ ions out of cell chemiosmosis H+ gradient
creates membranepotential difference in charge drives cation uptake
creates gradient cotransport of other
solutes against theirgradient
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AP Biology
Root anatomy - Water Flow
dicot monocot
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AP Biology
Endodermis & Casparian strip
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AP Biology
Two Routes
Symplast route (lateral) cytoplasmic
continuum
Apoplast route (lateral) continuum
of cell walls
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AP Biology
Water flow through root Porous cell wall
water can flow through cell wall route & not enter cells
plant needs to force water into cellsCasparian strip
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AP Biology
Controlling the route of water in root Endodermis
cell layer surrounding vascular cylinder of root lined with impermeable Casparian strip forces fluid through selective cell membrane
filtered & forced into xylem cells
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AP Biology
Mycorrhizae increase absorption Symbiotic relationship between fungi & plant
symbiotic fungi greatly increases surface area for absorption of water & minerals
increases volume of soil reached by plant increases transport to host plant
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AP Biology
Mycorrhizae
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AP Biology
Transport of sugars in phloem Loading of sucrose into phloem
flow through cells via plasmodesmata proton pumps
cotransport of sucrose into cells down proton gradient
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AP BiologyOn a plant…
What’s a source…What’s a sink?
can flow 1m/hr
Pressure flow in phloem Mass flow hypothesis
“source to sink” flow direction of transport in phloem is
dependent on plant’s needs phloem loading
active transport of sucrose into phloem
increased sucrose concentration decreases H2O potential
water flows in from xylem cells increase in pressure due to
increase in H2O causes flow
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AP Biology
Experimentation Testing pressure flow
hypothesis using aphids to measure sap
flow & sugar concentration along plant stem
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AP Biology
Maple sugaring
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2006-2007 AP Biology
Don’t get mad…
Get answers!!Ask Questions!
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2006-2007 AP Biology
Ghosts of Lectures Past(storage)
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AP Biology
Chloroplasts
Epidermal cell
NucleusGuard cell
Thickened innercell wall (rigid)
Stoma open Stoma closed
H2O
water moves into guard cells
H2O H2O H2O
H2O H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O H2O H2O H2O
Control of Stomates
K+
K+
K+
K+
K+ K+
K+ K+
K+ K+K+K+
water moves out of guard cells
Uptake of K+ ions by guard cells
proton pumps water enters by
osmosis guard cells
become turgid
Loss of K+ ions by guard cells
water leaves by osmosis
guard cells become flaccid
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AP Biology
Control of transpiration Balancing stomate function
always a compromise between photosynthesis & transpiration leaf may transpire more than its weight in
water in a day…this loss must be balanced with plant’s need for CO2 for photosynthesis