AP BIO Ch 1-3 Recap

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/

BioBookTOC.html

Chapter 1

• Scientific Method• Theory, law• Scientific Experimentation ( variable, control, IV,

DV, constants)• Major Contributing Theories: • 1.The Cell Theory,• 2. Evolution by Natural Selection, (all 4 pts)• 3.Gene Theory, • 4. Homeostasis

Names to know

• Cell Theory: Hooke, Schleiden and Schwaan (1800s)

• Gene Theory: Watson, Crick (1953)

• Evolution: Darwin, Linneus, Lamark, Wallace

3 domains, 5 kingdom system

• Domains: Archae, Bacteria, Eukaryota• Kingdoms: Archaebacteria – extreme• Bacteria(Monera) – single celled,

prokaryotic• Protista – simple eukaryotic cells• Fungi – mostly multicellular decomposers• Planatae – multicellular producers• Animalia – multicellular heterotrophs

Characteristics of Living Things

• 1) Organization• 2) Homeostasis• 3) Adapt to Environment• 4)Reproduction and Heredity• 5)Growth and Development• 6) Energy Acquisition and Release• 7) Detection and Response to Stimuli• 8 ) Interactions

Levels of Organization

• Biosphere to subatomic Particles ( be able to put in order)

Ch2 Chemistry Review

Matter ( anything that has mass and takes up space)

1. Mixture

2. Pure Substance

a. Element

b. compound

Basic unit of matter is the atom

Subatomic units: proton, neutron and electron

Isotopes

• Same element, different mass.

• Different # of neutrons

• Ex C-14

• Atomic #

• Atomic Mass

Periodic Table and Energy

• **don’t need to know all the orbital info

• Basics of periodic table

• Einstein and the electron ( E=mc2)

• Electrons in their excited state

Bonding

• 1. Ionic

• 2. Covalent ( double, triple)

• 3. Hydrogen

Chemical Reactions and Bonding

• Molecules – covalently bonded compounds. Fixed ration

• Glucose =C6H12O6

• Reactants Products– (synthesis – combination, dissociation –

decomposition)– CHON

Ch3: Water

• Many of it’s unique properties can be contributed to the fact that it is polar.

• “Universal solvent”

• Solutions ( homogeneous mixture)

• Like dissolves like ( oil and water)

Acids and Bases

• Acids – dissociate into H+ ions

• Bases – dissociate into OH- ions

• pure water is =

• pH scale (0-14) – hydronium concentration

Organic Molecules

• 1) formed w/ actions of living things

• 2)have a Carbon backbone

Then just the basics…

• What is a functional group: We will study them in more detail in Ch4

• 4 types of Macromolecules ( more detail in Ch5) and example– Carbohydrates– Lipids– Amino Acids– Nucleic Acids