ap art history test 4 term 3

AP Art History

Test 4

Term 3

Woman with the Hat• 1905, Henri Matisse• Liberates color• Joyful arrangement of color• Considered outrageous (fauv =

wild animal)• Turned to Van Gogh• Tried to advance colorist tradition

in modern French painting, which they dated from Delacroix

• Work sparked controversy because of way subject was depicted

• Later reacted against his early Fauve work

• Originally owned by Gertrude Stein

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Street, Berlin• 1913, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner• City = lonely place• Mask-like faces• Harsh angles• Die Brücke named for a passage

in a book that spoke to humanity’s potential to be the “bridge” to a more perfect “superman”

• It was formed in Dresden• Art suggested yearning to return to

imaginary origins• Liked to show women in nature• Simple style = modernist

primitivism, which drew inspiration from Africa, Pre-Columbian America, children and folk art

• 2 prostitutes walk past potential clients

• Appear as dehumanized figures• Physically close, but

psychologically distant



The Large Blue Horses• 1911, Franz Marc• Emphasizes spiritual power of world• Thunderous, big volume, expressed through lines• Der Blaue Reiter named for a popular image of St. George on the emblem of Moscow• It formed in Munich around Kandinsky and Marc (<-- considered blue a color of spirituality)• Influenced by the Fauves in his colorful expressionism• Animals merge into a homogenous unit• The fluid contours reflect the harmony of their collective existence & echo the hill lines• Pure, strong colors reflect their uncomplicated experience of the world



Concerning the Spiritual in Art• 1912, Wassily Kandinsky• He wanted to awaken people’s

spirituality through a sheer force of color

• “Color directly influences the soul..”

• Assigns an instrument to each color

• Each color = a chord in your soul



Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon• 1907, Pablo Picasso• Blue Period: painted outcasts of

Paris and Barcelona• Rose Period: inspired by African

Art, faces = mask-like• Great Iberian influence seen

specifically in the faces of the 3 most left figures

• The faces on the right were inspired by African masks

• Euphemism for “prostitutes”• Had men in his original sketch• Viewer is a participant• Women inhabit fractured space• Inspired by Cezanne



Glass and Bottle of Suze• 1912, Picasso• Synthetic cubism• Collage• Built out of found pieces in world• Created a motif by combining

simpler elements• The elements evoke a place (a

bar) and an activity: the viewer alone with a newspaper, enjoying a quiet drink

• Theme that art and quiet bars can provide refuge from the daily bustle

• Newspaper clippings deal with the First Balkan War which contributed to WWI



Unique forms of Continuity in Space• 1913, Umberto Boccioni• Space displaced by figure• Aerodynamic, gliding• Futurism: attack against

everything old, dull, feminine, and safe

• Aimed both to free Italy from its past and to promote a new taste for the sped of modern technology and urban life

• He called for a “sculpture environment”

• Presents an armless nude figure in full, powerful stride

• Contours flutter and flow into surrounding space

• Expresses figures great velocity and vitality as it rushes forward = a symbol of the brave new Futurist world



The Newborn• 1915, Constantin Brancusi• Most elemental form of life, also

looks like baby crying• Abstract sculpture began with

Rodin



Fountain• 1917, Marcel Duchamp• Photograph by Alfred Stieglitz• Moved to New York to escape war

in Europe• Believed art should appeal to the

intellect rather than the senses• Cerebral approach shown in his

readymades = ordinary manufactured objects transformed into art works through the decision of the artist

• Submitted anonymously to the first annual exhibition of the American Society of Independent Artists

• He was a founding member of the society

• Many thought it was indecent and the piece was refused



L.H.O.O.Q.• 1919, Duchamp• Challenges notion of a

masterpiece• Text alters image• Makes fun of image• Things change with context• Challenge established structure



Shooting Star• 1938, Joan Miro• Surrealism opposed rationalist tide

of postwar art• Founded by Breton when he

became dissatisfied w/ playful nonsense activities

• His idea: free individuals to let them express personal desires

• = dream analysis, hypnotic trances

• Playful, whimsical, childlike• Without filter of the conscious

mind• “bio-morphs”• Miro never officially joined

Surrealist group



The Treachery of Images• 1928-29, Rene Magritte• Looks at dreams differently• Reality = landscape of the mind• It is not a pipe, it is a picture of a

pipe• Exploration between distance

between images and language• Challenged the idea of

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The Persistence of Memory• 1931, Salvador Dali• Questions how time works• Trained in methods of illusionist

representation in Madrid• Met Miro and introduced to

Surrealists• Contributed “paranoiac critical

method”• Set in a landscape recalling a bay

near Dali’s birthplace• The head = a self portrait• Appeared in an earlier painting• Limp watches and ants on

watchcase = images of anxiety• Ants on case = memento mori• Ants typifies Surrealist interest in

unexpected juxtapositions of disparate realities



The Horde• 1927, Max Ernst• Most experimental• He helped organize Dada

movement in Köln• Discovered fantastic creatures,

plants, and landscapes in his use of frottage

• This work is a nightmarish scene of a group of monsters, seemingly made out of wood

• They advance against some unseen opponent

• Frightening image seems to resonate w/ the violence of WWI



Luncheon in Fur• 1936, Meret Oppenheim• Typifies Surrealist interest in

unexpected juxtapositions of disparate realities

• Inspired by a café conversation with Picasso about her designs for jewelry

• “one could cover just about anything with fur…” -Picasso

• Work attracts and repels the viewer

• Psychological complexity



The Two Fridas• 1939, Frida Kahlo, Mexico City• Mother on right, she’s on left• Different cultural/ethnic traditions• Pumping blood = Aztec, Mexican

heritage• Elements of western and

nonwestern• Catholic painting influence• Surrealists admire her search of

self, identity, and psychological• Painted during her divorce• Dealt with her personal pain• She shows 2 ethnic selves:

European (Victorian dress) & Mexican (traditional Mexican skirt + blouse)

• Artery begins at miniature of Diego as a boy

• She participated in some Surrealist shows after being encouraged by Breton



Lady Xok’s Vision of a Giant Snake• 726 CE, Maya, Mexico, limestone• From lintel over a doorway• Principle figure = a woman

(queen)• Seemingly opposites: beauty and

blood• This is her vision - erupts out of

altar: a great warrior• Surrealism: visionary world• Preparing for war• Ritual is not only a fertility rite of

death and rebirth but also a way of warding off evil and to ensure immortality

• Involves psychosis: an altered state of consciousness with vivid hallucinations



The Goddess Coatlicue• C. 1500, Aztec, basalt• Fierce and beautiful• Found covered with blood• Earth goddess = huge and fierce• Creative and nurturing potential + destructive self• Found during an excavation near a Spanish

Cathedral• One described as being inside the Temple of

Huitzilopochtli• Coatlicue means “she of the serpent skirt”• A pair of serpents, symbols of gushing blood, rise

from her neck to form her head• She wears a necklace of sacrificial offerings• Great surface intricacy• Colors that it had would’ve heightened dramatic

impact



Whirling Log Ceremony• C. 1925, Hosteen Klah, sand painting,

Phoenix, Arizona• Healing art• Inspired Jackson Pollock• Certain songs would be chanted• Genesis creation story• Gods = bigger = hierarchic scale• Sand paintings usually only done by men• Often show mythic heroes and events • They follow prescribed rules and patterns that

ensure their power• Rituals intended to restore harmony to the

world and to achieve cures• Not meant for public display• Many took offense to this weaving, done by a

man• Strict gender roles• Depicts a part of the Navajo creation myth in

which the Holy People divide the world into 4 parts

• Holy People surround the image• Male and female pair on each side



ap art history test 4 term 3

Documents

folk art

franz marc

dresden art suggested

potential clients

ap art history test

humanitys potential

early fauve work

lonely place mask