AOS 4 AOS 4

YIRIYIRIMusic from Sub-Saharan Music from Sub-Saharan

AfricaAfrica

This piece is from a country This piece is from a country called BURKINO FASOcalled BURKINO FASO

It has many features typical of It has many features typical of African musicAfrican music

►REPETITION- the drum ostinato goes on REPETITION- the drum ostinato goes on throughout the musicthroughout the music

►CALL & RESPONSE- the singers follow a CALL & RESPONSE- the singers follow a solo voicesolo voice

►Use of the PENTATONIC scale- Gb Ab Bb Use of the PENTATONIC scale- Gb Ab Bb Db Eb ( all the black notes !)Db Eb ( all the black notes !)

►The TEXTURE becomes POLYPHONIC The TEXTURE becomes POLYPHONIC with ostinati played by the with ostinati played by the BALOPHONESBALOPHONES

Here are the instruments usedHere are the instruments usedDJEMBE-this is a MEMBRAPHONEDJEMBE-this is a MEMBRAPHONE

The BALOPHONThe BALOPHON

The DUNDUNThe DUNDUN

TALKING DRUMTALKING DRUM

There is also a FLUTE, TAM-TAM, There is also a FLUTE, TAM-TAM,

& MARACAS& MARACAS

Listen to the piece – can you Listen to the piece – can you hear these important features?hear these important features?►The piece starts in MONOPHONIC The piece starts in MONOPHONIC

texture with the BALOPHONE playingtexture with the BALOPHONE playing►A 2A 2ndnd BALOPHONE joins in playing a BALOPHONE joins in playing a

slightly different version of the original slightly different version of the original tune – we call this texture tune – we call this texture HETEROPHONICHETEROPHONIC

►The drums come in playing RHYTHMIC The drums come in playing RHYTHMIC OSTINATIOSTINATI

►The voices first sing in UNISON ( same The voices first sing in UNISON ( same notes) then later on they sing in CALL notes) then later on they sing in CALL & RESPONSE& RESPONSE

More features of the pieceMore features of the piece►Notice how the music is structured Notice how the music is structured

between vocal passages and then between vocal passages and then instrumental breaks or balophone instrumental breaks or balophone solos.solos.

►This piece gives the instrumentalists a This piece gives the instrumentalists a chance to show off their skills and play chance to show off their skills and play with VIRTUOSIC skill- an example of with VIRTUOSIC skill- an example of this is the BALOPHONE parts which get this is the BALOPHONE parts which get more complex towards the endmore complex towards the end

►Notice how much repetition is used – Notice how much repetition is used – this piece would have been learnt in this piece would have been learnt in the ORAL TRADITIONthe ORAL TRADITION

KEY WORDS for YIRIKEY WORDS for YIRI►POLYRHYTHMIC POLYRHYTHMIC BALOPHONE DUN-DUNBALOPHONE DUN-DUN

►POLYPHONIC POLYPHONIC HETEROPHONIC OSTINATIHETEROPHONIC OSTINATI

►PENTATONIC PENTATONIC ►CALL& RESPONSECALL& RESPONSE►MONOPHONIC DJEMBEMONOPHONIC DJEMBE