AoH Conference CallOctober 8, 2004

Air Resource Specialists, Inc.

Review of IMPROVE Aerosol Data

• Visibility parameters and equations• IMPROVE monitoring• Regional Haze Rule data guidelines• Review of 2002 IMPROVE data (selected sites)• Next steps

Definitions of Visibility

• Visual Qualities - The color, texture, and clarity of a scene

• Visual Range (km) - The greatest distance at which a large black object on the horizon can be seen

• Extinction/Scattering/Absorption (Mm-1) - The fraction of light lost per unit length along a sight path

• Deciview (dv) - An index which is linear with human perception of visibility

Visibility Equations

• Extinction is the sum of particle scattering, natural atmospheric scattering, and absorption:

bext = bsp + bRayleigh + babs

• Extinction can be converted into Visual Range or Deciview:

Visual Range (km) = 3912 / bext

Deciview (dv) = 10 x ln (bext / 10)

bext (Mm-1) = 3 * f(RH) * [Ammonium SULFATE]

+ 3 * f(RH) * [Ammonium NITRATE]

+ 4 * (1.4) * [ORGANIC CARBON]

+ 10 * [ELEMENTAL CARBON]

+ 1 * [SOIL]

+ 0.6 * [COARSE MASS]

+ Rayleigh scattering (typically use 10 Mm-

1)

Where:• f(RH) is the relative humidity enhancement factor• Elemental carbon is the only species which absorbs light

IMPROVE Extinction Equation

IMPROVE Aerosol Sampler Systems

•Sulfur>>Sulfate•Soil•PM2.5>> Coarse Mass

•Nitrate•Sulfate (backup)

•Organic Carbon•Elem. Carbon

•PM10>> Coarse Mass

Regional Haze Rule Data Guidelines• Calculate extinction based on IMPROVE equation, using

6 species and monthly f(RH)• Allowed to fill in missing species data with quarterly

median values if strict conditions are met• Data completeness:

– 50% for all quarters– 75% for the year– No more than 10 consecutive samples missing in a year– Minumum of 3 complete years needed to represent 5 year

average

• Convert extinction to deciview• Calculate annual 20% best and worst deciview averages

Class I Areas

Federal Tribal

WRAP Class I Areas

Class I Areas

> 3 years (through 2002)

IMPROVE Monitoring Sites

1 - 3 years

< 1 year

C lass I O ther

Federa l Tribal

IMPROVE Monitoring Sites

IMPROVE Total Aerosol ExtinctionWorst 20% for 2002

VIEWS web site: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/views/Web/AnnualSummary/ContourMaps.aspx

IMPROVE Ammonium Sulfate ExtinctionWorst 20% for 2002

VIEWS web site: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/views/Web/AnnualSummary/ContourMaps.aspx

IMPROVE Ammonium Nitrate ExtinctionWorst 20% for 2002

VIEWS web site: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/views/Web/AnnualSummary/ContourMaps.aspx

IMPROVE Organic Mass ExtinctionWorst 20% for 2002

VIEWS web site: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/views/Web/AnnualSummary/ContourMaps.aspx

2002 Data from Selected Sites

• Timeline species extinction plots for 6 sites across WRAP:– Spokane Indian Reservation, WA– Medicine Lake, MT (adjacent to Fort Peck)– Rocky Mountain NP, CO– Grand Canyon NP, AZ– Yosemite NP, CA– Crater Lake, OR

Medicine Lake, MT - 2002 Reconstructed Extinction

20% Worst

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1/2

1/11

1/20

1/29 2/

72/

162/

25 3/6

3/15

3/24 4/

24/

114/

204/

29 5/8

5/17

5/26 6/

46/

136/

22 7/1

7/10

7/19

7/28 8/

68/

158/

24 9/2

9/11

9/20

9/29

10/8

10/1

710

/26

11/4

11/1

311

/22

12/1

12/1

012

/19

12/2

8

Ext

inct

ion

(M

m-1

) Coarse Mass

Soil

Organic Mass

Elem. Carbon

Amm. Nitrate

Amm. Sulfate

Rayleigh

Spokane Indian Reservation, WA - 2002 Reconstructed Extinction

20% Worst

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1/2

1/11

1/20

1/29 2/

72/

162/

25 3/6

3/15

3/24 4/

24/

114/

204/

29 5/8

5/17

5/26 6/

46/

136/

22 7/1

7/10

7/19

7/28 8/

68/

158/

24 9/2

9/11

9/20

9/29

10/8

10/1

710

/26

11/4

11/1

311

/22

12/1

12/1

012

/19

12/2

8

Ext

inct

ion

(M

m-1

) Coarse Mass

Soil

Organic Mass

Elem. Carbon

Amm. Nitrate

Amm. Sulfate

Rayleigh

Rocky Mountain NP, CO - 2002 Reconstructed Extinction

20% Worst

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1/2

1/11

1/20

1/29 2/

72/

162/

25 3/6

3/15

3/24 4/

24/

114/

204/

29 5/8

5/17

5/26 6/

46/

136/

22 7/1

7/10

7/19

7/28 8/

68/

158/

24 9/2

9/11

9/20

9/29

10/8

10/1

710

/26

11/4

11/1

311

/22

12/1

12/1

012

/19

12/2

8

Ext

inct

ion

(M

m-1

) Coarse Mass

Soil

Organic Mass

Elem. Carbon

Amm. Nitrate

Amm. Sulfate

Rayleigh

Grand Canyon NP, AZ - 2002 Reconstructed Extinction

20% Worst

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1/2

1/11

1/20

1/29 2/

72/

162/

25 3/6

3/15

3/24 4/

24/

114/

204/

29 5/8

5/17

5/26 6/

46/

136/

22 7/1

7/10

7/19

7/28 8/

68/

158/

24 9/2

9/11

9/20

9/29

10/8

10/1

710

/26

11/4

11/1

311

/22

12/1

12/1

012

/19

12/2

8

Ext

inct

ion

(M

m-1

) Coarse Mass

Soil

Organic Mass

Elem. Carbon

Amm. Nitrate

Amm. Sulfate

Rayleigh

Yosemite NP, CA - 2002 Reconstructed Extinction

20% Worst

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1/2

1/11

1/20

1/29 2/

72/

162/

25 3/6

3/15

3/24 4/

24/

114/

204/

29 5/8

5/17

5/26 6/

46/

136/

22 7/1

7/10

7/19

7/28 8/

68/

158/

24 9/2

9/11

9/20

9/29

10/8

10/1

710

/26

11/4

11/1

311

/22

12/1

12/1

012

/19

12/2

8

Ext

inct

ion

(M

m-1

) Coarse Mass

Soil

Organic Mass

Elem. Carbon

Amm. Nitrate

Amm. Sulfate

Rayleigh

Crater Lake, OR - 2002 Reconstructed Extinction

20% Worst

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1/2

1/11

1/20

1/29 2/

72/

162/

25 3/6

3/15

3/24 4/

24/

114/

204/

29 5/8

5/17

5/26 6/

46/

136/

22 7/1

7/10

7/19

7/28 8/

68/

158/

24 9/2

9/11

9/20

9/29

10/8

10/1

710

/26

11/4

11/1

311

/22

12/1

12/1

012

/19

12/2

8

Ext

inct

ion

(M

m-1

) Coarse Mass

Soil

Organic Mass

Elem. Carbon

Amm. Nitrate

Amm. Sulfate

Rayleigh

200-400 Mm-1 >>

Yosemite NP, CA - 2002 Reconstructed Extinction

20% Worst

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1/2

1/11

1/20

1/29 2/

72/

162/

25 3/6

3/15

3/24 4/

24/

114/

204/

29 5/8

5/17

5/26 6/

46/

136/

22 7/1

7/10

7/19

7/28 8/

68/

158/

24 9/2

9/11

9/20

9/29

10/8

10/1

710

/26

11/4

11/1

311

/22

12/1

12/1

012

/19

12/2

8

Ext

inct

ion

(M

m-1

) Coarse Mass

Soil

Organic Mass

Elem. Carbon

Amm. Nitrate

Amm. Sulfate

Rayleigh

Crater Lake, OR - 2002 Reconstructed Extinction

20% Worst

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1/2

1/11

1/20

1/29 2/

72/

162/

25 3/6

3/15

3/24 4/

24/

114/

204/

29 5/8

5/17

5/26 6/

46/

136/

22 7/1

7/10

7/19

7/28 8/

68/

158/

24 9/2

9/11

9/20

9/29

10/8

10/1

710

/26

11/4

11/1

311

/22

12/1

12/1

012

/19

12/2

8

Ext

inct

ion

(M

m-1

) Coarse Mass

Soil

Organic Mass

Elem. Carbon

Amm. Nitrate

Amm. Sulfate

Rayleigh

Module A filter clogged – removed data from 2002 data set

Avg. extinction: 24.8 Mm-1Avg. extinction: 48.9 Mm-1

Crater LakeRecon. Aerosol Extinction Comparison

2002

Amm. Sulfate30%

Amm. Nitrate

11%

Organic Mass36%

Elem. Carbon

11%Soil3%

Coarse Mass9%

2002 (w/ clogged filter data)

Amm. Sulfate

12%

Amm. Nitrate

6%

Organic Mass62%

Coarse Mass5%

Soil1%

Elem. Carbon

14%

Crater LakeRecon. Aerosol Extinction Comparison

Avg. extinction: 23.9 Mm-1 Avg. extinction: 24.8 Mm-1

1997-2002 (excl. 2000, 2001)

Amm. Sulfate30%

Amm. Nitrate

9%

Organic Mass34%

Elem. Carbon

12%

Soil3%

Coarse Mass12%

2002

Amm. Sulfate30%

Amm. Nitrate

11%

Organic Mass36%

Elem. Carbon

11%Soil3%

Coarse Mass9%

Grand CanyonRecon. Aerosol Extinction Comparison

Avg. extinction: 21.8 Mm-1

1997-2002 (excl. 1998, 2001)

Amm. Sulfate32%

Amm. Nitrate

9%

Organic Mass26%

Elem. Carbon

8%

Soil6%

Coarse Mass19%

2002

Amm. Sulfate32%

Amm. Nitrate

11%

Organic Mass26%

Elem. Carbon

9%

Soil7%

Coarse Mass15%

Avg. extinction: 23.4 Mm-1

Next Steps

• Conference call week of October 18

• Working with RMC to transfer emission and TSSA data files to ARS

• Begin adding draft documents to the AoH web site (introductory materials first)

• Prepare samples of CIA reports on AoH web site (currently based on available data)

• Review agenda for November meeting