“urban nexus” · economic, social, political and ecological resource systems inter‐ ... non...
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IntegratedResourceManagementinAsianCities:TheUrbanNexusUlanbataar,5‐7th November,2014
“UrbanNEXUS”OperationalizingtheUrbanNEXUSincitiesandmetropolitanregionsforresource‐efficient,effective,customizableand
resilienturbanprojectsandinvestments
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Operationalizationof“Nexus”ApproachesinMetropolitanRegions ObjectivesoftheProject:
‒ Todevelopandconceptualize“Nexus”approachforcitiesandmetropolitan‐regionsmakingthem‘resource‐efficient’
‒ Toassessexistingcasesandpractices‒ Tooperationalizesuchanapproachincludinglessonsfrompilotprojects
Projectstructureandworkstreams:‒ WorkingArea1:Comprehensiveconceptualbaselinestudy‒ WorkingArea2:Casestudiesandempiricalexamples‒ WorkingArea3:Pilotprojectactivitiesincities
ProjectDuration:November,2013toJuly,2014 Donor:GIZ
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WA1:ConceptualStudyon“OperationalizingtheUrbanNEXUS”
Cities‐bustlinghubsofresourceflows,consumptionandproduction,whichmakesthemthe“nexus”wherecrucialeconomic,social,politicalandecologicalresourcesystemsinter‐linkandcompete.
URBANNEXUS
APPROACH
IncreasingDemandforMoreUrban
Space
IncreasingDemandfor
BetterQualityofUrbanSpaces
IncreasingCostofUrban
Production&Lifestyle
IncreasingUrbanRisk&Vulnerability
DecliningFiscalSupportforUrban
Development
Newintegrated/cross‐sectoralapproachesareneededtosuccessfullymanagethecomplexitiesofthisurban“nexus”
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DefinitionofUrbanNexus The Urban NEXUS is an approach to the design of sustainableurban development solutions. The approach guidesstakeholders to identify and pursue possible synergiesbetween sectors, jurisdictions, and technical domains, so as toincrease institutional performance, optimize resourcemanagement and service quality.
It counters traditional sectoral thinking, trade‐offs, anddivided responsibilities that often result in poorly coordinatedinvestments, increased costs, and underutilizedinfrastructures and facilities.
The ultimate goal is to accelerate access to services, and toincrease service quality and the quality of lifewithin ourplanetary boundaries.
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TheUrbanNEXUSApproachfocusesonidentifyinganddevelopingprospectsforachievingmultipleurbanpolicyobjectivesthroughsingleinvestments,projectsorprograms
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UrbanNEXUSDevelopmentCycle:processfortranslatingintegratedplanningobjectivesintopolicies,projects,systems,andplaces
Itbuildsonpracticesandconceptsofintegratedplanningandintegratedurbandevelopmentapproaches,withtheparticularfocusonoptimizingresourceuseandre‐usethroughcross‐sectoralcollaboration,andinnovativeinstitutionalintegrationanddesignprocesses.
TheUrbanNexusDevelopmentCycle
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WA2:Casestudiesandempiricalexamples
Identified examples of good Urban NEXUS practices, drewlessons from these in a series of case studies, to help in thedevelopment of a transferrable methodology
Compilation of 37examples of“Urban NEXUS”programs/projects from around theworld
8 in‐depth UrbanNEXUS CaseStudies
GlobaldistributionofCompliedCaseStudies
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CasestudiesandempiricalexamplesSectoral combinations‒Waste‐to‐energy(increasinglycommonpractice)‒Eco‐districts‒Eco‐sanitation(waste‐energy‐foode.g.ElAlto,SulabhInternational)
‒W‐E‐F:Water‐energy‐landefficiencyinagriculture(UPA)(e.g.Amman,Nashik)
‒Water‐energy,e.g.districtheating/cooling(e.g.Toronto)
Moreinnovative/rare:‒ Biodiversity‐waste‐energy(e.g.eThekwini/Durban‒ Cross‐sectoralapproachestointegratinginformal/marginalizedsettlements(e.g.FavelaBairro,IUP,Manila)
‒ Waste‐socialinclusion,e.g.throughurbanmobility(GreenExchangeinCuritiba,MercadodelTrueque,MexicoCity)
Funding,implementation,andpartnershipmodelsNosingleformulaforsuccess,variousmodelsused: Public‐privatepartnerships
Multi/bi‐lateraldevelopmentaidprojects
Non‐profits/CBOs Localgovernmentservices/utilities
Bi‐lateral(nationalgovernment)collaborations
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WA3:PilotProjects
Pilot Project I: Demonstrating the Urban NEXUS approach tooptimize water, energy and land resources in peri‐urbanagriculture in Nashik, India
ProjectimplementedwithsupportfromNashikMunicipalCorporation
Famousforitsgrapeproductionandisknownasthe‘Grapecity’or‘WinecapitalofIndia’.Alsoknownas‘backyardofMumbai’duetoitsvegetableandfruitproduction
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Nashik:GrowthTrajectory&ResourceConstraints
Population projected to cross 3 million in 2026 and
5 million in 2014!!!
Area increased by 22 times in 100 years and
population by 30 times!!!
With the increasing population there is
increased demand for drinking water supply!!
Non revenue water (NRW) is very high and needs urgent attention!!!
Groundwater pumping for agricultural purposes is very
energy intensive!!
Groundwater level is decreasing at the rate of 1-3 m in every 5 years!!!
High paced urbanization,
industrialization and fast
deforestation: Less area for cultivation
“ConsideringtheagriculturalimportanceofNashik,itwasproposedtobringthefallow/scrublandintourbanandperi‐urban
agriculturepracticeswhichwillreduceenergyandwaterdemand”
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Inter‐ sectorallinkages:IntegrationofseparatelydesignedandmanagedsystemsinNashik:Water,Agriculture(Food)andEnergy
InstitutionalandMulti‐levellinkages:biggestchallenge;‒ Atleast10separatedepartmentsresponsibleforwater,energyandagricultureinNashik
Themajorshort‐comingsinbringinginstitutionalandmulti‐ levellinkagesincluded:‒ Compositionofinstitutions‒ Limitedmandateofexistinginstitutions‒ Decisionmakingprocess‒ Bureaucraticandpoliticalinterference‒ Weakenforcementcapacity‒ Nointer‐departmental/institutionalcommunication
Perfect example of institutional
and managerial
silos!!!
SectoralandInstitutionalLinkagesinNashik:
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PilotactivitiesinNashikincluded: FormationofaStakeholderGroup
‒ WaterSupplyandSewerage;Environment;TownPlanningDept.NMC(Citylevel),
‒ IrrigationDepartment(DistrictandStatelevel),
‒ StateAgricultureDepartment(Statelevel),‒ MaharashtraStateElectricityDistributionCompanyLimited(Districtlevel)
‒ KKWaghCollegeofAgriculturalEngineeringandTechnology(Academic)
‒ AgricultureProduceMarketCommittee(Districtlevel)
‒ MaharashtraEngineeringResearchInstitute(Research )
‒ MaharashtraEnvironmentalEngineeringTrainingandResearchAcademy(Citylevel)
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PilotInterventionsincluded:
1. AgriculturePumpSetEfficiencyPerformanceEvaluation
2. Mappingbiogaspotentialinthepilotarea
3. Creatingpotentialgroundwaterrechargingsystem
4. Promotingagro‐educationinschools
Energy
Food
Water
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FOOD
Agricultural Pump Set Efficiency
Performance Evaluation
WATER
Groundwater Recharging
ENERGY
Mapping Biogas
Potential in the Pilot Area
CLIMATECHANGE
Reduced energy consumption
Livestock manure management; biofertilizer
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OutcomesofPilotactivitiesinNashik:
Improved inter‐departmentalcoordination
Multi‐level governance through theinvolvement of stakeholders from theDistrict and the State level
Improved energy efficiency by thereplacement of inefficient pump sets withmore efficient, right sized pumps and low‐friction valves and piping
Promoting the revival of non‐functionalbiogas plants helped in improvedresource efficiency
Conservationofnaturalresourcesthroughgroundwaterrechargingofthehardrockaquifersinthecity
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AwarenessraisingthroughstudentsfrommunicipalschoolshelpedinexposingstudentstopracticalapplicationsofresourceefficiencyandorganicfarmingTrainingandcapacitybuildingoflocalfarmershelpedinsensitizingthemtotheutilizationofenergyefficientpumps Communityownershipoftheprojectwasachievedthroughatripartiteagreementbetweenthefarmers,theNMCandICLEISouthAsia
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LessonsLearntinNashik:
Bringingtogethermultiplelevelsofgovernancerequiresconsiderabletime
LimitedtimeandhumanresourcescanshapeanUrbanNEXUSoutcome
CreatingopennesstotheUrbanNEXUSapproachiscrucial
Buildingtrustwithcommunitiesisamakeorbreakfactor
PoliticalwillandcommitmentensurethatanUrbanNEXUSprojectwilltakeflight
Buildingawarenessisacontinuousprocess
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Pilot Project II: Demonstrating the Urban NEXUSapproach to link water, energy and food resources inschools in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
DaresSalaam (literally"Theharborofpeace")is Tanzania’slargestcityandaregionallyimportanteconomiccentre
ProjectimplementedwithsupportfromKinondoniMunicipality
Schoolslacksufficientdrinkingwater!!! Primarilydependent
onwoodandcharcoalforfuel!!!
One‐thirdofnationalpopulationis
undernourished!!
Only8%ofhouseshavedirectwaterconnection!!!
Sanitationandwasteamajorissue!!
Energysupplyisintermittent!!!
Back‐logofmunicipalservices(e.g.transport,water,drainageandwaste
management
Risks&VulnerabilitiesfacedbyDaresSalaam
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Formationofstakeholdergroup‒ Communitymemberswererepresentedbytheschoolheadmasters,facultyandreligiousleaders.
‒ Privatesectororganizations,‒ Universityprofessorsand‒ NGOs
2 neighboring primary schools asdemonstration sites for educatingcommunity as well as local governmentactors.
PhysicalInterventions:Rainwaterharvesting,verticalfoodgardens,energyefficiency(cooking)
PilotactivitiesinDaresSalaamincluded:
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Benefitsofworkinginschools,e.g.:‒ Variousmunicipaldepartmentsareimplicated‒ Improvingphysicallearningenvironmentforstudents
‒ Educatingwidercommunitythroughchildren
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OutcomesofPilotactivitiesinDaresSalaam:
Municipalcapacitystrengthening,awarenessandinvolvementinthenewUrbanNEXUSapproachwasachieved
Physicalinfrastructureimprovementsattheschoolslikerainwaterharvesting,improvedfuelwoodcook‐stovereplacinganopencastfireandimprovedfloorsurfaces
Physicalsavingsofresourcesincludedareductioninfuelwoodutilizationforcookingfood
Schoollearningandeducationwasfacilitatedviaaschoolprojectthatinvestigatedtheunderstandingofwhereresourcescomefrom
Abroadimpactonthecommunitywasobserved
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LessonsLearntinDaresSalaam: Needlengthierplanninganddesigntime NEXUSrequiresauniqueinstitutionalset‐upandanunderstandingofthecomplexlinkagesbetweenthemetropolitanandmunicipalbodies.
Showcasingonthegroundexperiences,suchasschoolprojects,demonstrateshowsectorscanworktogether
Designsimplebutinnovativetoolstocommunicatewiththecommunity
Commitmentoflocalauthoritiesinsuchanexerciseiscrucial
UrbanNEXUSapproachamountstoasocial‐institutionallearningprocess
PoliticalchampionsarecriticalforsuccessSmallprojectscansparkbigchange!!!
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GeneralConclusionsWorkingArea1:providesafirstmethodologicalapproachtooperationalizing,puttingintomethodlessonsfromtheexistingexamplestoacceleratetheprocess,replicate,up‐scale,andcapacitateinstitutionalcollaborationandcommunication.
Identifiedcaseexamples(WorkingArea2)showedthattheUrbanNEXUSispossibleandexistsinpractice,butatransferrablemethodologyneedstobedeveloped.
Thepilotprojects(WorkingArea3)showedthegreatpotentialofcross‐sectoralprojectsascatalystsfor“institutionalnexus”,generatingunprecedentedcommunicationandcollaborationacrossdepartmentsandlevelsofgovernment
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InstitutionalImplications InitialinstitutionalarrangementsforintroducingUrbanNEXUSapproaches‒ UrbanNEXUS“TaskForces/StakeholderGroups”inlocalgovernments,e.g.aroundprojects,tokickoff,strengthenandsustaincross‐departmentalcollaboration,andtogiveatasteof“breakingthesilos”
‒ Localownershipandchampionsarecrucial,butduringpilotprojectswaysmustbesoughttoinstitutionalizemulti‐stakeholdercollaborationinthelongerterm
Buildinginstitutionalcapacity‒ ConsiderexistinginstitutionstocapacitateforassumingnewmandatetoimplementUrbanNexusagenda
Ultimately,thebestcaseshighlighttheroleofnewinter‐sectoral
institutions,operatingatlocalormetropolitanscale,whoseprimaryfunctionistheidentification,designanddevelopmentof“UrbanNEXUS”
solution!!
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Recommendations:Local&RegionalDecision‐makers Bringallstakeholdersaroundthesametablebycreating“UrbanNEXUSTaskForces”.Simplewaytogivestakeholdersatasteof“breakingthesilos”.
Institutionalizemulti‐stakeholdercollaborationduring(pilot)projects,toguaranteelonger‐termcooperationandsustainableoutcomes.
Customizeinstitutionalarrangements basedontheuniquelocalandsubnationalgovernancecontext,availablecapacities,andtheneedsidentifiedthroughprojects.
Identify“hotspots”wherethisapproachwouldhavethemostmultiplierorrippleeffectstomaximizethereachandbenefitoftheinitiative.
Useandbuildonexistinginstitutionalcapacity.
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IntegrateUrbanNEXUSthinkingintoalldecision‐makingandmanagementprocedures.
UtilizepublicprocurementandtenderingprocessestoboostinnovationandfacilitatetheuptakeofUrbanNEXUSsolutions.
BuildUrbanNEXUSthinkingandbehaviorsthroughworkingwitheducationalinstitutions,universities,researchandtrainingproviders.
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Recommendations:NationalDecision‐makers Encourage allgovernmentalauthoritiesandstakeholdersatalllevelstobepartofUrbanNEXUSsolutions,whichshouldre‐connectscalesandoptimizecomplexcross‐boundaryresourceflows(e.g.riverbasinmanagement).
PromotesupportiveframeworkconditionsforUrbanNEXUSsolutionsatalllevels.UrbanNEXUSprojectsregardlessoftheirsizeandscopeareembeddedinregulatoryandadministrativeframeworks.Forexample,national“silos”inregulation,publicprocurement,budgetingandaccountingprocesses,etc.,canhinderinnovativeintegratedapproachesandcross‐departmentalcooperationatthelocallevel.
AdjustfinancialinstrumentstosupportandincentivizeUrbanNEXUSapproaches,bye.g.linkingnationaldevelopmentfundsorinfrastructurefinancingtorewardprojectsthatshowanUrbanNEXUSapproach.
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Use cities and metropolitan regions as laboratories forpolicy invention, and look out for innovative local initiatives,policies and practices that provide lessons of nationalrelevance.
Support networks for scientific research anddevelopment as well as the exchange of Urban NEXUSpractices, dialogue between researchers and CBOs and citypractitioners, city‐to‐city peer learning programs, as well asdialogue with national authorities.
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Thankyou!
FormoreinformationabouttheGIZ‐ICLEIUrbanNEXUSproject:www.iclei‐org/urbannnexus
Contact:[email protected]
ExecutiveDirector,ICLEISouthAsia
WethankourpartnersintheUrbanNEXUS project:
Pilotprojectpartners:
Kinondoni Municipal Council,DaresSalaam,TanzaniaNashikMunicipalCorporation,Nashik,India.
ICLEIoffices:ICLEIWorldSecretariat,ICLEIAfrica,andICLEISouthAsia.