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Carmen Macías Antequera
Tragsatec
“QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT”
Water Balance and Exploitation Rate
Calculation. Examples
Aim: To show several examples of both the water balance and the exploitation rate
calculation in two ground water bodies for each River Basin District.
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
Without Risk
RISKS ASSESSMENT
Significant Pressure
No Significant Pressure
No data
Verified Impact
Likely Impact
No apparent impact
No data
Impact Analysis
Pressures Identification
Human Activities
Impact Indicators
vs
Thresholds Pressure Indicators
vs
Thresholds
Pre
ss
ure
Impact
Risk of not meeting the
Environmental Objectives
for each type of Pressure
and Impact GROUNDWATER BODY
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES
GROUNDWATER BALANCE AND EXPLOTATION RATE CALCULATION
1. Analysis of available data (water level, springs, wells, irrigation areas, DEM, geology)
2. Hydrogeological understanding of the GWBs
3. Identify inputs (infiltrations, lateral transfers, recharge areas)
4. Identify environmental flows (for GW)
5. Identify outputs (Abstractions)
6. Available Groundwater Resource (AGR)
7. Calculate ER
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
Input Data:
• In the tables of Master Plan reports rain infiltration is defined, according to the outcrops of lithology
and topographical levels.
• In the case that a lithology is considered to be impermeable, rain infiltration is quantified as Zero.
Rain infiltration:
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
Input Data:
• In the tables of Master Plan reports rain infiltration is defined, according to the outcrops of lithology
and topographical levels.
• In the case that a lithology is considered to be impermeable, rain infiltration is quantified as Zero.
Data Processing and Outputs:
• Estimation of the infiltration for each water body is made through a GIS calculation so that surface of
each aquifer formation within each GWB has been extracted and also for each sub basin.
• Applying the proportion of the surface within GWB and sub basin, it has been possible to calculate the
infiltration volume of each lithology present in the each water body.
• These resulting volumes have been added to obtain the total rain infiltration of each GWB.
Rain infiltration:
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
TR16YAS01001
plQ1
Area (km2) 900.8 869.8
% 100% 96.6%
Volume (hm3) 35.34 34.1
plQ2
Area (km2) 161 159.6
% 100% 99.1%
Volume (hm3) 1.87 1.9
n3
Area (km2) 1047.4 1047.4
% 100% 100%
Volume (hm3) 40.99 41.0
pl1
Area (km2) 160.5 160.5
% 100% 100%
Volume (hm3) 0 0.0
TOTAL INF. (hm3) Sub-basin No. 16_1
187.47
TOTAL GWB INF. (hm3)
121.9 77.0
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
.
Irrigation Recharge Return:
• Irrigation recharge return has not been taken into account, since there is no information in that regard
in the Master Plan.
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
Losses in Surface Streams
Input Data:
• Quantitative date on recharge by losses in the surface water (streams/rivers/lakes) is only stated in
the sub basin No. 2 in the Master Plan.
• It is studied on how GWB is affected and it is recorded.
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
.
Transfers from/to other groundwater bodies:
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
• Always taking into account the hydrogeological functioning, once water balances in GWBs with excess
are calculated, it is incorporated as data of “Transfers from others groundwater bodies” in recipient
GWBs.
• The result of equation: AGR – LTAAQ. This transfer is a positive number in the GWB that receives
water (transfer from) and this number is negative if GWB provides water (transfer to).
• When the conceptual model indicates that excess of one GWB is received by various GWBs, expert
judgment is applied to decide what percentage of the remaining water is received by each GWB.
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Recharge zones that can recharge GWBs also have been taken into account, such as mountains and areas
that have not been considered as GWBs, but in some cases they may be converted in an important
source of water. In this case, the same methodology to calculate volumes as in the case of the term
“Infiltration of rainwater” is applied, however crossing is made with the delineated boundaries as
recharge areas.
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
Transfers from recharge areas:
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
In Master Plan reports a section entitled “Yeraltısuyu Yıllık Emniyetli Verimi” is included, where for each
sub basin a percentage of “safe groundwater reserve” that varies between 70 and 90 % is indicated.
Remaining water that do not quantified as “safe groundwater reserve” (varies between 10 and 30 %), is
estimated as “Environmental flows” for each GWB included in each sub basin.
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN):
Environmental flows :
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
As the guide nº 18 explains, “the available groundwater resource (AGR) means the long-term annual
average rate of overall recharge to the body of groundwater (LTAAR) minus the long-term annual rate of
flow required to achieve the ecological quality for associated surface waters, avoid any significant
diminution on the ecological status and avoid any significant damage to groundwater dependent
terrestrial ecosystems” (EFN).
“The available groundwater resource is an approximate value, based on recharge and the low flow
requirements to support the ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body”.
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Therefore, the formula applied is:
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
In the case of LTAAR, the Consortium has broken this term down and considered each of the following
significant flows:
- Infiltration of rain
- Irrigation recharge return
- Losses in surface streams
- Transfers from (or to) others groundwater bodies
- Transfers from recharge areas
In the case of EFNs, it has not been broken down.
Each significant flow’s estimation for different river basins is detailed in the specific methodology
chapter of each river basin, given that information of departure is different and it has not been possible
to apply the same methodology in their estimation.
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Abstractions for agriculture are defined in Master Plan reports for each sub basin and are divided in two
types (public irrigation and private /particular irrigation). Related layers with this information “HALK
Sulama” and “DSI Sulama” have been studied but they are not considered to be adequate to apply the
criteria of proportionality.
Therefore, distribution for each of the groundwater bodies from the total abstractions estimated for
each sub basin by taking into account CORINE LAND COVER (2006) layers.
In this way, they are obtained through a GIS calculation, existing irrigation surface within each GWB as
well as within each sub basin and corresponding proportionality factors have been applied.
ABSTRACTION OF SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF GROUNDWATER (LTAAQ ):
Agriculture:
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Also water supply (drinking water and domestic uses) data for each sub-basin is provided in the Master
Plan. So, it is decided to calculate the urban surface of GWB regarding the total surface of each sub-basin
and to apply that percentage. CORINE LAND COVER (2006) is used to determine the urban surface
corresponding to each GWB.
ABSTRACTION OF SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF GROUNDWATER (LTAAQ ):
Water supply:
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
In the case of industrial abstractions, related information is also available in Master Plans. The same
process described above for water supply applies here; using only surfaces of industrial areas defined in
CORINE LAND COVER (2006).
ABSTRACTION OF SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF GROUNDWATER (LTAAQ ):
Industry:
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Town
Industrial or commercial units, mineral mining sites
Irrigated Agricultural Lands
Non-Irrigated Agricultural Areas
Pastures
Olive groves, vineyards
Forest Areas
Natural meadows, rare plant areas
Coast, beach, sandy, bare rock, burnt. and Swamp
Aquatic ecosistems
Town
Industrial or commercial units, mineral mining sites
Irrigated Agricultural Lands
Non-Irrigated Agricultural Areas
Pastures
Olive groves, vineyards
Forest Areas
Natural meadows, rare plant areas
Coast, beach, sandy, bare rock, burnt. and Swamp
Aquatic ecosistems
Town
Industrial or commercial units, mineral mining sites
Irrigated Agricultural Lands
Non-Irrigated Agricultural Areas
Pastures
Olive groves, vineyards
Forest Areas
Natural meadows, rare plant areas
Coast, beach, sandy, bare rock, burnt. and Swamp
Aquatic ecosistems
Town
Industrial or commercial units, mineral mining sites
Irrigated Agricultural Lands
Non-Irrigated Agricultural Areas
Pastures
Olive groves, vineyards
Forest Areas
Natural meadows, rare plant areas
Coast, beach, sandy, bare rock, burnt. and Swamp
Aquatic ecosistems
7341 3068.9
100 41.8
381.8 348
100 91.1
34.56 31.5
66.7 59.99
100 89.9
URBAN 8.69 7.8
INDUSTRY 9.64 8.7
km2
%
Volumen (Hm3)
TR16YAS01001
km2
%
IRRIGATION AREAS
CORINE
km2
%
Volumen (hm3)
AREA TR16YAS01001
TOWNS + INDUSTRY
CORINE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE: GWB TR16YAS02001
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify inputs (infiltrations, lateral transfers, recharge areas)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 002 001)
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Infiltration of rain 240.6
Irrigation recharge return -
Losses in surface streams 162
Transfers from others groundwater bodies 27
Transfers to others groundwater bodies -
Transfers from recharge areas 140.5
Total 570.1
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Konya Closed Basin
LTAAR: means the long-term annual average rate of overall recharge to the
body of groundwater
PlQ1 98,5 hm3
PlQ2 22,3 hm3
n1 85 hm3
n3 23,9 hm3
Pl1 10,8 hm3
13,2 hm3 from TR 16 YAS 2002
13,7 hm3 from TR 16 YAS 2003
Majority of M outcrops
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify outputs (Abstractions)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 002 001)
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Environmental Flows 142.5
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
LTAAQ: Long-Term Annual Average Rate of Abstraction should include all
abstractions from the groundwater body.
EFN: long-term annual rate of flow
required to achieve the ecological
quality for associated surface waters,
avoid any significant diminution on
the ecological status and avoid any
significant damage to groundwater
dependent terrestrial ecosystems
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 002 001)
LONG TERM ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE OF ABSTRACTION (LTAAQ)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Agriculture 956.3
Water supply 55.6
Industry 23
Total 1034.9
Konya Closed Basin
25 % of LTAAR (provides by Master Plan)
97,9 % or irrigation areas in this subbasin
97,7 % or urban or industrial areas in this subbasin
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 002 001)
EXPLOITATION RATE (ER = LTAAQ / AGR )
Index Rate
ER 2.42
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 002 001)
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR = LTAAR - EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Available Resources 427.6
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Groundwater Balance
ER > 1 Significant Pressure
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
The Exploitation Rate (ER) is the rate used to define whether the
pressure due to abstractions is significant or not. Established
threshold is 1.
AGR: Available Groundwater Resource is an approximate value,
based on recharge and the low flow requirements to support the
ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body.
Konya Closed Basin
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
ER = LTAAQ / AGR
Recharge areas
Transfer from GWB
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES KONYA CLOSED BASIN EXAMPLE: GWB TR16YAS04001
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Konya Closed Basin
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify inputs (infiltrations, lateral transfers, recharge areas)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 04 001)
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Infiltration of rain 118
Irrigation recharge return -
Losses in surface streams -
Transfers from others groundwater bodies 115
Transfers to others groundwater bodies -
Transfers from recharge areas 147.6
Total 326.2
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Konya Closed Basin
LTAAR: means the long-term annual average rate of overall recharge to the
body of groundwater
PlQ1 75,7 hm3
PlQ2 19,4 hm3
n3 22,9 hm3
115 hm3 from TR 16 YAS 4002
Recharge from south outcrops
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify outputs (Abstractions)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 04 001)
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Environmental Flows 38.1
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 04 001)
LONG TERM ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE OF ABSTRACTION (LTAAQ)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Agriculture 277.5
Water supply 14.6
Industry 7.6
Total 299.7
Konya Closed Basin
LTAAQ: Long-Term Annual Average Rate of Abstraction should include all
abstractions from the groundwater body.
EFN: long-term annual rate of flow
required to achieve the ecological
quality for associated surface waters,
avoid any significant diminution on
the ecological status and avoid any
significant damage to groundwater
dependent terrestrial ecosystems 10 % of LTAAR (provides by Master Plan)
90,6 % or irrigation areas in this subbasin
64,6 % or urban or industrial areas in this subbasin
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 04 001)
EXPLOITATION RATE (ER = LTAAQ / AGR )
Index Rate
ER 0.88
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 16 YAS 04 001)
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR = LTAAR - EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Available Resources 342.5
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Groundwater Balance
ER < 1 No Significant Pressure
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Konya Closed Basin
The Exploitation Rate (ER) is the rate used to define whether the
pressure due to abstractions is significant or not. Established
threshold is 1.
AGR: Available Groundwater Resource is an approximate value,
based on recharge and the low flow requirements to support the
ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body.
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
ER = LTAAQ / AGR
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES SUSURLUK RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
In the case of GWBs TR03YAS05004, infiltration rate provided in the Master Plan is for an alluvial aquifer
formation whose outcrop surface is smaller than GWB’s surface. Given that this GWB is entirely
composed of alluvial aquifer, an infiltration rate whose value is 0.361 hm3/km2/year has been applied to
the whole surface of the GWB. By dividing the volume of infiltration by the surface of aquifer formation,
an average infiltration for unit of surface is obtained. In this way, when % of infiltration is not available,
with the surface of GWBs it has been possible to estimate the volume of infiltration.
In the case of GWBs TR03YAS08001, since existence of a possible error in the abstraction data of the
granite aquifer formation in the Master Plan (Q=4.83 hm3/year) has been detected, infiltration and
abstraction rates of YAS provided by DSI (YAS-3-002 y YAS3-003) has been applied. The same as in the
previous case, an infiltration rate has been applied for each lithology (0.163 hm3/km2/year for the alluvial
aquifer, and 0.004 hm3/km2/year for aquifer formed by granite and granodiorite).
Rain infiltration:
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES SUSURLUK RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
.
Irrigation Recharge Return:
• Return from irrigation has not been taken into account, since there is no information in that regard.
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
Losses in Surface Streams
• Recharge by losses in surface water (rivers/lakes) only has been introduced in the first three GWBs,
given that for the moment there is no more data on that subject
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES SUSURLUK RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
.
Transfers from/to other groundwater bodies:
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
• Excess water of GWBs that we have identified previously has been calculated (general hydro
geological functioning of the basin). Forms are filled; firstly by identifying how much excess water
exists in each GWB (AGR – LTAAQ) and which GWBs receives contributions from other GWBs. This
transfer is a positive number in the GWB that receives water (transfer from) and this number is
negative if GWB provides water (transfer to).
• There are cases where excess of water may go towards two or more different GWBs, in these cases,
depending on the existing contacts and geology, topography etc. it will be decided which percentage
receives each GWB according to “expert judgment”.
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES SUSURLUK RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
30% of inputs are decided to apply by default except for the GWBs on which there is data available
(TR03YAS01003, TR03YAS05004, TR03YAS08001).
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN):
Environmental flows :
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES SUSURLUK RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
As the guide nº 18 explains, “the available groundwater resource (AGR) means the long-term annual
average rate of overall recharge to the body of groundwater (LTAAR) minus the long-term annual rate of
flow required to achieve the ecological quality for associated surface waters, avoid any significant
diminution on the ecological status and avoid any significant damage to groundwater dependent
terrestrial ecosystems” (EFN).
“The available groundwater resource is an approximate value, based on recharge and the low flow
requirements to support the ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body”.
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES SUSURLUK RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Therefore, the formula applied is:
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
In the case of LTAAR, the Consortium has broken this term down and considered each of the following
significant flows:
- Infiltration of rain
- Irrigation recharge return
- Losses in surface streams
- Transfers from (or to) others groundwater bodies
- Transfers from recharge areas
In the case of EFNs, it has not been broken down.
Each significant flow’s estimation for different river basins is detailed in the specific methodology
chapter of each river basin, given that information of departure is different and it has not been possible
to apply the same methodology in their estimation.
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES SUSURLUK RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Abstractions that are defined in the Master Plan and in YAS provided by DSI do not differentiate between
abstractions for agriculture, urban abstractions o industrial abstractions.
To determine the volume of abstractions corresponding to each GWB (industrial, urban, agricultural), the
abstractions within each GWB have been estimated with regarding existing abstractions within an
aquifer formation or YAS to which belongs the GWB. In order to do it, we calculate abstraction surfaces
(industrial, urban, agricultural) based on CORINE LAND COVER (2006) and we superpose it on the
boundaries of GWB and aquifer formations respectively. Percentage of abstractions is calculated within
the GWB (check GIS), regarding total abstractions that are located in the YAS or aquifer formation.
Applying this percentage to the volume of total abstractions in the aquifer formation or YAS, we obtain
the volume of abstractions within the GWB.
.
ABSTRACTION OF SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF GROUNDWATER (LTAAQ ):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES SUSURLUK RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE: GWB TR03YAS01001
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Recharge areas
Transfer from GWB
Susurluk River Basin
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify inputs (infiltrations, lateral transfers, recharge areas)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 01 001)
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Infiltration of rain 91.01
Irrigation recharge return -
Losses in surface streams 6.37
Transfers from others groundwater bodies 3.86
Transfers to others groundwater bodies -
Transfers from recharge areas -
Total 101.24
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Susurluk River Basin
LTAAR: means the long-term annual average rate of overall recharge to the
body of groundwater
Qal 7,4 hm3
PlQ 12,4 hm3
n1, n2, n3 71,2 hm3
3,86 hm3 from TR 03 YAS 1002
Master Plan Data
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify outputs (Abstractions)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 01 001)
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Environmental Flows 30.4
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
EFN: long-term annual rate of flow
required to achieve the ecological
quality for associated surface waters,
avoid any significant diminution on
the ecological status and avoid any
significant damage to groundwater
dependent terrestrial ecosystems
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 01 001)
LONG TERM ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE OF ABSTRACTION (LTAAQ)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Agriculture -
Water supply -
Industry -
Total 59.52
Susurluk River Basin
LTAAQ: Long-Term Annual Average Rate of Abstraction should include all
abstractions from the groundwater body.
30 % of LTAAR (standard)
Master Plan Data
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 01 001)
EXPLOITATION RATE (ER = LTAAQ / AGR )
Index Rate
ER 0.84
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 01 001)
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR = LTAAR - EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Available Resources 70.87
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Groundwater Balance
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Susurluk River Basin
ER < 1 No Significant Pressure The Exploitation Rate (ER) is the rate used to define whether the
pressure due to abstractions is significant or not. Established
threshold is 1.
AGR: Available Groundwater Resource is an approximate value,
based on recharge and the low flow requirements to support the
ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body.
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
ER = LTAAQ / AGR
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES SUSURLUK RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE: GWB TR03YAS08001
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Susurluk River Basin
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify inputs (infiltrations, lateral transfers, recharge areas)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 08 001)
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Infiltration of rain 2.56
Irrigation recharge return -
Losses in surface streams -
Transfers from others groundwater bodies -
Transfers to others groundwater bodies -
Transfers from recharge areas -
Total 2.6
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Susurluk River Basin
LTAAR: means the long-term annual average rate of overall recharge to the
body of groundwater
Qal 2,46 hm3
Gr 0,09 hm3
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify outputs (Abstractions)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 08 001)
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Environmental Flows 0.9
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 08 001)
LONG TERM ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE OF ABSTRACTION (LTAAQ)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Agriculture -
Water supply -
Industry -
Total 4.3
Susurluk River Basin
EFN: long-term annual rate of flow
required to achieve the ecological
quality for associated surface waters,
avoid any significant diminution on
the ecological status and avoid any
significant damage to groundwater
dependent terrestrial ecosystems
LTAAQ: Long-Term Annual Average Rate of Abstraction should include all
abstractions from the groundwater body.
34 % of LTAAR (Master Plan)
Master Plan Data
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 08 001)
EXPLOITATION RATE (ER = LTAAQ / AGR )
Index Rate
ER 2.5
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 03 YAS 08 001)
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR = LTAAR - EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Available Resources 1.7
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Groundwater Balance
ER > 1 Significant Pressure
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Susurluk River Basin
The Exploitation Rate (ER) is the rate used to define whether the
pressure due to abstractions is significant or not. Established
threshold is 1.
AGR: Available Groundwater Resource is an approximate value,
based on recharge and the low flow requirements to support the
ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body.
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
ER = LTAAQ / AGR
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
Input Data:
To introduce recharge by rain infiltration, information provided in Master Plan includes only Ergene
sub-basin. There is data about formations in Çorlu (Tertiary-Quaternary detritic), Kırklareli (Eocene
carbonated mountains) and Pınarbası (carbonated formation within the detritic basin).
Rain infiltration:
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
AQUIFER FORMATION RECHARGE
(hm3/year)
AREA
(km2) RECHARGE INDEX
Çorlu formation (infiltration) 211.25 6420 0.0329
Kırklareli formation (infiltration) 39.74 480 0.0828
Pınarbası formation (infiltration) 10.3 165 0.0624
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
Data Processing and Outputs:
• To get to know the rain infiltration in each groundwater body, the proportion of surface
corresponding to each formation within each water body has been calculated. Afterwards, the same
proportion has been applied to the total infiltration for all formation in each GWB. Extension of each
aquifer formation, as well as infiltration data is defined in the table 10.1 at the page 167 in the Ergene
sub-basin Master Plan Provisional Report.
• For the GWBs that there is no information in Master Plan (the ones situated in Ipsala-Kesan and
Meriç), infiltration rate for each surface has been used for similar lithologies (0.033 hm3/km2 for
detritics lithologies similar to Çorlu formation and 0.083 hm3/km2 for carbonated formations similar to
Kirklareli).
• In the case of GWB TR01YAS09001, as it is situated in two sub basins (Meriç and Ipsala-Kesin), and as
its lithology is predominantly alluvial quaternary (slightly different from the tertiary detritic described
in Çorlu formation), there is no information in Master Plan on that subject. In this case, data were
extracted from the initial characterization table of GWBs prepared by DSI. Accordingly, GWB
TR01YAS09001 coincides with YAS_1_001 (Meriç-Ergene Havzası Başlangıç Karakterizasyonu.xls), so
that recharge data is assumed. The recharge for TR01YAS09001 is 59 hm3/year, according to this
value, infiltration rate for this GWB would be (0.12 hm3/km2) much higher than the one calculated for
Çorlu formation (0.033 hm3/km2).
Rain infiltration:
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
.
Irrigation Recharge Return:
• Return from irrigation has not been taken into account, since there is no information in that regard.
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
Losses in Surface Streams
• Recharge by losses in surface water (streams/rivers/lakes) is not introduced yet (there is nothing
specific on this issue).
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
.
Transfers from/to other groundwater bodies:
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
• With help of general hydro geological functioning of the basin, we have identified lateral groundwater
transfers between GWBs. Characterization form is filled firstly identifying water excess (AGR –
LTAAQ). This transfer is a positive number in the GWB that receives water (transfer from) and this
number is negative if GWB provides water (transfer to).
• There are cases where excess of water may go towards two or more different GWBs, in these cases,
depending on the existing contacts and geology, topography etc. it will be decided which percentage
receives each GWB according to “expert’s criteria”.
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
30% of inputs are decided to apply by default (infiltration plus lateral contributions)
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN):
Environmental flows :
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
As the guide nº 18 explains, “the available groundwater resource (AGR) means the long-term annual
average rate of overall recharge to the body of groundwater (LTAAR) minus the long-term annual rate of
flow required to achieve the ecological quality for associated surface waters, avoid any significant
diminution on the ecological status and avoid any significant damage to groundwater dependent
terrestrial ecosystems” (EFN).
“The available groundwater resource is an approximate value, based on recharge and the low flow
requirements to support the ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body”.
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Therefore, the formula applied is:
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
In the case of LTAAR, the Consortium has broken this term down and considered each of the following
significant flows:
- Infiltration of rain
- Irrigation recharge return
- Losses in surface streams
- Transfers from (or to) others groundwater bodies
- Transfers from recharge areas
In the case of EFNs, it has not been broken down.
Each significant flow’s estimation for different river basins is detailed in the specific methodology
chapter of each river basin, given that information of departure is different and it has not been possible
to apply the same methodology in their estimation.
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Agriculture:
Abstractions for agriculture are defined in Master Plan for each aquifer formation. To determine the
volume corresponding to each GWB, those existing irrigation lands within each GWB have been
differentiated regarding the existing irrigations lands within the aquifer formation to which GWB
belongs. In order to do this, we calculate the percentage of total irrigation land which is within the GWB
(consult GIS) and we apply this percentage to the total data of the formation. Irrigation surfaces are
extracted from CORINE LAND COVER (2006) and we superpose them with the boundaries of GWB and
aquifer formations respectively.
ABSTRACTION OF SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF GROUNDWATER (LTAAQ ):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Water supply:
Urban Abstractions (drinking water and domestic uses) data for each formation is provided, so that it is
decided to calculate the urban surface of GWB regarding the total surface of each formation and to apply
that percentage. CORINE LAND COVER (2006) is used to determine the urban surface corresponding to
each aquifer formation and each GWB.
ABSTRACTION OF SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF GROUNDWATER (LTAAQ ):
Industry:
In the case of industrial abstractions, the same process described above for urban abstractions applies
here; using only surfaces of industrial areas defined in CORINE LAND COVER (2006).
Abstractions in Meriç and Ipsala-Kesan sub-basins are not defined in Master Plan. Abstraction data was
obtained during the workshop held in Edirne from 5th to 8th October, 2015. Experts from DSI provided
information about abstractions for different uses in each sub-basin except in Ipsala-Kesan. Procedure to
calculate the volume of abstractions for each use (agriculture, drinking water and industry) is similar to
the one described previously, that is to say existing irrigation/urban/industrial surface in sub basin is
calculated and proportion for each GWB is determined.
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE: GWB TR01YAS03002
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Meriç-Ergene River Basin
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify inputs (infiltrations, lateral transfers, recharge areas)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 03 002)
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Infiltration of rain 19.94
Irrigation recharge return -
Losses in surface streams -
Transfers from others groundwater bodies -
Transfers to others groundwater bodies -
Transfers from recharge areas -
Total 19.94
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Meriç-Ergene River Basin
LTAAR: means the long-term annual average rate of overall recharge to the
body of groundwater
50% of outcrops of Kırklareli formation
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify outputs (Abstractions)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 03 002)
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Environmental Flows 6.0
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 03 002)
LONG TERM ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE OF ABSTRACTION (LTAAQ)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Agriculture 0.2
Water supply 3.4
Industry 3.7
Total 7.2
Meriç-Ergene River Basin
EFN: long-term annual rate of flow
required to achieve the ecological
quality for associated surface waters,
avoid any significant diminution on
the ecological status and avoid any
significant damage to groundwater
dependent terrestrial ecosystems
LTAAQ: Long-Term Annual Average Rate of Abstraction should include all
abstractions from the groundwater body.
30 % of LTAAR (Standard)
15,6 % or irrigation areas in Kırklareli formation
27%, 44% or urban and industrial areas in this formation
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 03 002)
EXPLOITATION RATE (ER = LTAAQ / AGR )
Index Rate
ER 0.52
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 03 002)
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR = LTAAR - EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Available Resources 14.0
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Groundwater Balance
ER < 1 No Significant Pressure
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Meriç-Ergene River Basin
The Exploitation Rate (ER) is the rate used to define whether the
pressure due to abstractions is significant or not. Established
threshold is 1.
AGR: Available Groundwater Resource is an approximate value,
based on recharge and the low flow requirements to support the
ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body.
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
ER = LTAAQ / AGR
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE: GWB TR01YAS02001
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Meriç-Ergene River Basin
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify inputs (infiltrations, lateral transfers, recharge areas)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 02 001)
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Infiltration of rain 24.1
Irrigation recharge return -
Losses in surface streams -
Transfers from others groundwater bodies -
Transfers to others groundwater bodies -
Transfers from recharge areas -
Total 24.1
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Meriç-Ergene River Basin
LTAAR: means the long-term annual average rate of overall recharge to the
body of groundwater
100 % of outcrops of Pınarbası formation
6,6 % of outcrops of Çorlu formation
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify outputs (Abstractions)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 02 001)
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Environmental Flows 7.2
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 02 001)
LONG TERM ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE OF ABSTRACTION (LTAAQ)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Agriculture 3.6
Water supply 2.5
Industry 20.7
Total 26.8
Meriç-Ergene River Basin
EFN: long-term annual rate of flow
required to achieve the ecological
quality for associated surface waters,
avoid any significant diminution on
the ecological status and avoid any
significant damage to groundwater
dependent terrestrial ecosystems
LTAAQ: Long-Term Annual Average Rate of Abstraction should include all
abstractions from the groundwater body.
30 % of LTAAR (Standard)
5,3% of irrigation areas in Çorlu formation and all irrigation in Pınarbası
7%, 11% or urban and industrial areas in Çorlu formation and 100% in Pınarbası
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 02 001)
EXPLOITATION RATE (ER = LTAAQ / AGR )
Index Rate
ER 1.59
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 01 YAS 02 001)
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR = LTAAR - EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Available Resources 16.9
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Groundwater Balance
ER > 1 Significant Pressure
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Meriç-Ergene River Basin
The Exploitation Rate (ER) is the rate used to define whether the
pressure due to abstractions is significant or not. Established
threshold is 1.
AGR: Available Groundwater Resource is an approximate value,
based on recharge and the low flow requirements to support the
ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body.
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
ER = LTAAQ / AGR
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
Information contained in each Master Plan:
• A general water balance in the different zonifications of Master Plan.
• Groundwater balance terms for each sub subbasin:
Input Data:
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
II. output terms:
• Agriculture Abstractions
• Water supply Abstractions
• Industry Abstractions
• Springs/Surface water
• Transfers to other groundwater bodies
i. Input terms:
• Infiltration of rain
• Irrigation recharge return
• Losses in surface streams
• Transfers from others groundwater bodies
• Transfers from recharge areas
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
To calculate most of the groundwater balance terms for each GWB an areal conversion from the
associated Master Plan has been applied. Commonly GWB are smaller than sub subbasins so a
percentage of the balance term needs to be used. It is also common for GWBs to be located between 2
or more sub subbasins so after having applied a percentage, all the parts of the GWB needs to be
summed up.
Data Processing::
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
Rain infiltration:
To calculate the infiltration rate in the GWB a relation between the sub-subbasin area and the GWB
area is made.
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Irrigation recharge return:
In this case the relation is made between the irrigated area of the sub-subbasin and the irrigated area
inside the GWB. CORINE LAND COVER 2006 is the information source to calculate irrigated areas.
Losses in surface streams:
Recharge by losses in surface water (streams/rivers/lakes) is not introduced yet (there is nothing
specific on this issue).
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Transfers from/to other groundwater bodies:
Taking into account the hydrogeological functioning, once water balances in GWBs with excess are
calculated, it is incorporated as data of “Transfers from others groundwater bodies” in recipient
GWBs; the result of equation: AGR – LTAAQ. This transfer is a positive number in the GWB that
receives water (transfer from) and this number is negative if GWB provides water (transfer to).
When the hydrogeological understanding indicates that excess of one GWB is received by various
GWBs, expert judgment is applied to decide what percentage of the remaining water is received by
each GWB.
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
For each GWB, 30 % of the inputs (infiltration and irrigation recharge return) is considered
environmental flow.
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN):
Environmental flows:
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
As the guide nº 18 explains, “the available groundwater resource (AGR) means the long-term annual
average rate of overall recharge to the body of groundwater (LTAAR) minus the long-term annual rate of
flow required to achieve the ecological quality for associated surface waters, avoid any significant
diminution on the ecological status and avoid any significant damage to groundwater dependent
terrestrial ecosystems” (EFN).
“The available groundwater resource is an approximate value, based on recharge and the low flow
requirements to support the ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body”.
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Therefore, the formula applied is:
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
In the case of LTAAR, the Consortium has broken this term down and considered each of the following
significant flows:
- Infiltration of rain
- Irrigation recharge return
- Losses in surface streams
- Transfers from (or to) others groundwater bodies
- Transfers from recharge areas
In the case of EFNs, it has not been broken down.
Each significant flow’s estimation for different river basins is detailed in the specific methodology
chapter of each river basin, given that information of departure is different and it has not been possible
to apply the same methodology in their estimation.
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Agriculture:
Abstractions for agriculture are defined in Master Plan reports for each sub-subbasin. To determine the
volume corresponding to each GWB, we calculate the percentage of total irrigation land which is within
the GWB (consult GIS) and we apply the relation between the irrigated area of the sub-subbasin and the
irrigated area inside the GWBs. Irrigation surfaces are extracted from CORINE LAND COVER (2006) and
we superpose them with the boundaries of GWB and sub-subbasin respectively.
ABSTRACTION OF SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF GROUNDWATER (LTAAQ ):
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES MERIÇ-ERGENE RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Water supply:
Urban Abstractions (drinking water and domestic uses) data for each sub-subbasin is provided, so that it
is decided to calculate the urban surface of GWB regarding the total surface of sub-subbasin and to apply
that percentage. CORINE LAND COVER (2006) is used to determine the urban surface corresponding to
each sub-subbasin and each GWB.
ABSTRACTION OF SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF GROUNDWATER (LTAAQ ):
Industry:
The same process described above for urban abstractions applies here, using surfaces of industrial areas
defined in CORINE LAND COVER (2006). In areas where there are industrial abstraction data (Cürüksu,
Aydin-Söke and Usak Banaz) the relation is made between the area dedicated to industry of the sub-
subbasin and the area dedicated to industry inside the GWB. Although the land use map (CORINE) shows
industrial use in most subbasins, there are no data for industrial abstractions in Cyne Yatagan, Orta-
Menderes, Kale-Tavas and Kufi. In these cases industrial use is not considered as groundwater
abstractions.
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE: GWB TR07YAS04001
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Buyuk Menderes River Basin
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify inputs (infiltrations, lateral transfers, recharge areas)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 04 001)
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Infiltration of rain 2.5
Irrigation recharge return 2.1
Losses in surface streams -
Transfers from others groundwater bodies 3.9
Transfers to others groundwater bodies -3.32
Transfers from recharge areas -
Total 5.1
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Buyuk Menderes River Basin
LTAAR: means the long-term annual average rate of overall recharge to the
body of groundwater
Rain infiltration and irrigation recharge from proportional
surface in Sarayköy_Buharkent and
Nazilli Subbasins
Transfer from TR 07 YAS 04001
Transfer to TR 07 YAS 06001
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify outputs (Abstractions)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 04 001)
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Environmental Flows 1.5
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 04 001)
LONG TERM ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE OF ABSTRACTION (LTAAQ)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Agriculture 2.1
Water supply 0.5
Industry 0.0
Total 2.6
Buyuk Menderes River Basin
EFN: long-term annual rate of flow
required to achieve the ecological
quality for associated surface
waters, avoid any significant
diminution on the ecological status
and avoid any significant damage to
groundwater dependent terrestrial
ecosystems
LTAAQ: Long-Term Annual Average Rate of Abstraction should include all
abstractions from the groundwater body.
30 % of LTAAR (Standard)
Proportion of abstractions respect agriculture, town and industrial
areas in Sarayköy_Buharkent and Nazilli Subbasins
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 04 001)
EXPLOITATION RATE (ER = LTAAQ / AGR )
Index Rate
ER 0.72
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 04 001)
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR = LTAAR - EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Available Resources 3.6
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Groundwater Balance
ER < 1 No Significant Pressure
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Buyuk Menderes River Basin
The Exploitation Rate (ER) is the rate used to define whether the
pressure due to abstractions is significant or not. Established
threshold is 1.
AGR: Available Groundwater Resource is an approximate value,
based on recharge and the low flow requirements to support the
ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body.
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
ER = LTAAQ / AGR
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES BUYUK MENDERES RIVER BASIN EXAMPLE: GWB TR07YAS05001
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Buyuk Menderes River Basin
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify inputs (infiltrations, lateral transfers, recharge areas)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 05 001)
LONG-TERM AVERAGE RECHARGE (LTAAR)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Infiltration of rain 18.4
Irrigation recharge return 28.7
Losses in surface streams -
Transfers from others groundwater bodies 10.9
Transfers to others groundwater bodies -
Transfers from recharge areas -
Total 58.3
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Buyuk Menderes River Basin
LTAAR: means the long-term annual average rate of overall recharge to the
body of groundwater
Rain infiltration and irrigation recharge from proportional surface in Honaz, Gökpınar
and Denizli Subbasins
Transfer from TR07YAS05002, TR07YAS05002 and TR07YAS05002
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Identify outputs (Abstractions)
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 05 001)
LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL FLOW NEEDS (EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Environmental Flows 17.5
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 05 001)
LONG TERM ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE OF ABSTRACTION (LTAAQ)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Agriculture 34.3
Water supply 2.7
Industry 13.2
Total 50.6
Buyuk Menderes River Basin
EFN: long-term annual rate of flow
required to achieve the ecological
quality for associated surface waters,
avoid any significant diminution on
the ecological status and avoid any
significant damage to groundwater
dependent terrestrial ecosystems
LTAAQ: Long-Term Annual Average Rate of Abstraction should include all
abstractions from the groundwater body.
30 % of LTAAR (Standard)
Proportion of abstractions respect agriculture, town and
industrial areas in Honaz, Gökpınar and Denizli Subbasins
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 05 001)
EXPLOITATION RATE (ER = LTAAQ / AGR )
Index Rate
ER 1.24
GROUNDWATER BALANCE (TR 07 YAS 05 001)
AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE (AGR = LTAAR - EFN)
Component Volume (hm3/year)
Available Resources 40.8
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES Groundwater Balance
ER > 1 Significant Pressure
QUANTITATIVE PRESSURES ASSESSMENT
Buyuk Menderes River Basin
The Exploitation Rate (ER) is the rate used to define whether the
pressure due to abstractions is significant or not. Established
threshold is 1.
AGR: Available Groundwater Resource is an approximate value,
based on recharge and the low flow requirements to support the
ecology in surface water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems that are
dependent on the groundwater body.
AGR = LTAAR - EFN
ER = LTAAQ / AGR
Q&A THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
TEŞEKKÜRLER