जनजागरूकताईसंवादऩत्र · public awareness e-newsletter...
TRANSCRIPT
प्रिय ऩाठकों,अिऱै 22 को ऩथृ ्वी ददवस मनाया जाता है, यह िाकृततक दतुनया के साथ हमारे सबंधं, और उस सबंधं के अद्यतन के बारे में बताता है। नातिकीय ऊजाा हमारी ऊजाा आवश ्यकताओ ं को ऩरूा करने की कंुजी है और हमारे स ्वच ्छ ऊजाा िप्रवष ्य को सरुक्षऺत रखन ेमें महत ्वऩरू्ा ितूमका तनिाती है। ऩढ़कर आनदंदत हों…
अध्यऺ,जनजागरूकतासतमतत
कुऱउत्ऩाददत प्रवद्युतइकाई 25,629तमतऱयन यूतनट
केकेएनऩीऩीद्वाराकुऱCO2उत्सजानमेंकमी 22,014,925टन
नोट: कोयऱेएवंनातिकीयऊजाा केऔसतजीवनचक्रग्रीनहाउसगैसउत्सजानक्रमश:888एवं29(टन/जीडब््यूएच)है।
जऱवायु ऩररवतानआजवकै्षिकऩयाावरर्मदु्दोंमेंसवाातधकमहत्वऩरू्ाहै।नातिकीयप्रवद्यतुन्यनूकाबानिौद्योतगदकयोंमेंसे एक है जो बढ़ती हुई आबादी एवं सामाक्षजक-आतथाकप्रवकासकेतऱएप्रवद्यतुउत्ऩादनकरतेहुएग्रीनहाउसगैसों(CO2) केउत्सजानमेंकमीऱातीहै। CO2 केउत्सजानमेंकमीऱानेमें केकेएनऩीऩीकायोगदान (ददनांक 30 अिऱै2018 को)अबतकइसिकारहै।
अिऱै2018केप्रवतशष्टप्रबंदु
केकेएनऩीऩीकाजऱवायुऩररवतानकेन्यूनकरर्मेंयोगदान
1
2
8,438 जनजागरूकतािकाशनप्रवतररतदकएगए।3
4
1008 घंटोंकाजनसंऩका ,995 ऱोगोंसेसंऩका ।
केकेएनऩीऩीस्थऱऩर17 एवंस्थऱकेबाहर01 जनसऩंका कायाक्रमआयोक्षजतदकएगए।
4 861 जनजागरूकताटोप्रऩयांप्रवतररतकीगई।
तयैारकताा एव ंसऩंादक:
के.बी.जाशी,ििारीअतधकारी,टीएऱडीियोगशाऱा[email protected]
ऩनुरीऺर्कताा :
ऩी.ऩण्डारम,सदस्यसतचव,जनजागरूकतासतमतत[email protected]
आर.एस.सावंत,ितशऺर्अधीऺकएवंअध्यऺ,जनजागरूकतासतमतत[email protected]
जारीकताा:
डी.एस.चौधरी,स्थऱतनदेशक,
केकेएनऩीऩी स्थऱ
जनजागरूकताई-सवंादऩत्रकुडनकुऱमन्यूक्षलऱयरऩॉवरिोजेलट
अिऱै2018 अकं– 70
इसअंकमें:
नातिकीयसमाचारनातिकीयनारेमाहकेदौरानऩीएगततप्रवतधयां
प्रवशेषआऱेखनातिकीयसामान्यऻान
तकनीकीसत्रनातिकीयआकंडाकोश
शब्दकोश
जनताकाप्रवचार
Public Awareness e-NewsletterKudankulam Nuclear Power Project
April 2018 Issue – 70
Dear Readers,
When Earth Day rolls around on April 22, itprompts us our association to the natural world, andhow we can improve that association. Nuclearpower could be the key to meet our energyrequirements and also plays crucial role in securingour clean energy future. Happy read on…
Source: en.wikipedia.org
-Chairman, PA Committee
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Scolopacidae
Genus: Actitis
Species: A. hypoleucos
Binomial name:
Actitis hypoleucos
In this issue:
Photography by Mr Kvasha A.V.Former Deputy Head of Russian
Specialist at KKNPP Site
Public voice
Technical session
Nuclear Database
Nuclear News
Nuclear Slogan
PA activity during the month
Feature article
Nuclear Trivia
Lexicon
No.of units of
electricity generated25,629
Million Units
Total CO2 emissions
avoided by KKNPP22,014,925
Tonnes
Note: Average lifecycle GHG emissions for Coal &Nuclear is 888 & 29 (tonnes/GWh) respectively.
Climate change is the foremost global
environmental issue today. Nuclear power is
one of the low carbon technologies that can
contribute to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions (mostly CO2) while generating
electricity for growing populations and
socioeconomic development. KKNPPs
contribution in preventing the CO2 emissions till
now (As on Apr 30, 2018) is given below.
Spotlight of April 2018
KKNPP ‘s contribution to climate
change mitigation A glimpse of CommonSandpiper at Anu vijayTownship, Chettikulam
1
2
8,438 PA Publications distributed3
4
1008 hours of PublicOutreach, reaching 995 people
17 on-site & 1 Off-site outreachprogramme organised
Europe must prioritise
emission reductions
“The European Unionmust ensure it retainssovereignty overenergy and climate.
Reducing emissionsmust remain a priorityfor Europe, andreplacing phased-outnuclear plants with coalwould not achieve this.
Europe wasdistinguished fromother powers by its‘common commitment’to issues including theprotection of theenvironment, climateand health.
Nuclear … does notemit CO2.
If the closure of powerplants leads to thereopening of coalplants, which was thecase in Germanyunfortunately, youdegrade your CO2
balance, which isexactly contrary to theParis agreements ”
Emmanuel MacronPresident of France
Source: World Nuclear News dated 24 Apr 2018
4 861 PA Caps distributed
Page 2 of 11
Site visit commences witha structured lectureprogramme for about twohours on nuclear energy &safety features of KKNPPwith relevance to theevents at Fukushima andalso addresses the queriesmainly related toprotection of marineorganism and handling ofwaste. They are then takento Model room forfamiliarization of sitelayout, simulator facility tovisualize the functioningof safety systems andhealth physics trainingfacility to understand theconcept of radiation safetyduring normal operation& abnormal situation.Subsequently they aretaken to the Intakestructure and Desalinationplant. This programmeconcludes with a feedbacksession. Two of thefeedback received fromthe visitors are given inthis section.
Public Voice
Page 3 of 11
NPCIL Mission:
To develop nuclear powertechnology and to produceNuclear Power as a
safe, environmentally benignand economically viablesource of electrical energy tomeet the increasing needs ofcountry.
Technical session - VVER Technology
“While I am all for
renewables, I believe every
effort should be made to
make nuclear power one
of the world’s low-cost
alternatives for meeting
the urgent demand for
power while winning the
race with fossil fuels”
Important construction features:
Co
ntin
ued
…
Source: S.K. Agrawal et al. (The VVERs at KudanKulam) www.sciencedirect.comJOSEPH B. LASSITER
Senior Fellow, Senator John Heinz Professor of Management
Practice in Environmental Management, Retired
(source: https://hbswk.hbs.edu
The entire civil construction of Kudankulam NPP was agreed by
both sides to be executed as per the construction norms and
procedures prevalent in India. Nevertheless, the Russian side
included various advanced systems of construction not yet
executed out in India. Some of the important construction
features of KKNPP are as follows.
“New nuclear” technology can meet the world’s urgent demand
for power
The 55C15 pre-stressing system for the inner containment
(IC), etc.
The 55C15, pre-stressing system has been designed by
M/s. Freyssinet, France. In this system, each pre-stressing
tendon consists of 55 numbers of steel strands, 15.7mm in
diameter. Each strand is composed of 7 plys and has a sectional
area of 150 mm2. Each strand is housed in a HDPE sheath filled
with grease.
Page 4 of 11
Regional Distribution of Nuclear Power Plants:
1011 MW(e), PWR, Model: VVER V320 RUSSIA on 2 February Construction Start Date: 16 Jun 2010 First Criticality Date: 29 Dec 2017 First grid connection: 02 Feb 2018
1085 MW(e)
PWR, Model: VVER V-491RUSSIA on 9 MarchConstruction Start Date: 25 Oct, 2008First Criticality Date: 06 Feb, 2018First grid connection: 09 Mar, 2018
New connections to the grid: (Year 2018)
Source: https://www.iaea.orgUpdated as on May 03, 2018
Current Status:
450
393 843 MWe
57
NUCLEAR POWER REACTORSIN OPERATION
TOTAL NET INSTALLEDCAPACITY
NUCLEAR POWER REACTORSUNDER CONSTRUCTION
Country No. of Reactors MWe
ARGENTINA 3 1633
ARMENIA 1 375
BELGIUM 7 5918
BRAZIL 2 1884
BULGARIA 2 1926
CANADA 19 13554
CHINA 39 34514
CZECH REPUBLIC 6 3930
FINLAND 4 2769
FRANCE 58 63130
GERMANY 7 9515
HUNGARY 4 1889
INDIA 22 6255
IRAN 1 915
JAPAN 42 39752
KOREA 24 22494
MEXICO 2 1552
NETHERLANDS 1 482
PAKISTAN 5 1318
ROMANIA 2 1300
RUSSIA 37 28264
SLOVAKIA 4 1814
SLOVENIA 1 688
SOUTH AFRICA 2 1860
SPAIN 7 7121
SWEDEN 8 8629
SWITZERLAND 5 3333
TAIWAN 6 5052
UKRAINE 15 13107
UK 15 8918
USA 99 99952
Total 450 393843
17 564REACTOR-YEARS OFOPERATION
Nuclear Database
ROSTOV-4
www.world-nuclear-news.org
LENINGRAD 2-1
Page 5 of 11
Regulator approves licences for new Florida units Apr 06
Nuclear News
Council formed to support Canadian isotope production Apr 10
AEM Technology sees milestone with first VVER-TOI Apr 17
China General Nuclear (CGN)has begun loading fuel into thecore of unit 1 of the Taishannuclear power plant in China'sGuangdong province followingthe issuance of a permit fromthe regulator. The unit is laterthis year scheduled to becomethe first EPR (Thirdgeneration pressurised waterreactor, PWR) reactor to enteroperation.
Source: http://nuclearstreet.com
The US Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC) has approvedthe issuance of combinedconstruction and operatinglicences (COLs) for the twoproposed AP1000 reactors at
Florida Power and Light's (FPL's) Turkey Point plant in Florida. The
Turkey Point site, about 40km south of Miami, already features two
operating 800 MWe reactors built in the 1970s. Unit 3 is currently
licensed to operate until July 2032 and unit 4 until April 2033. The site
also includes three gas-fired units.
Source: https://nuclearstreet.com
Another Japanese unit resumes commercial operation Apr 10Unit 3 of the Ohi nuclear powerplant in Japan's FukuiPrefecture today resumedcommercial operation, KansaiElectric Power Companyannounced. The reactor is thesixth to be restarted afterclearing the country's revisedsafety regulations. The NRAannounced in May 2017 thatthe two units meet safetystandards introduced in July 2013. The NRA approved Kansai's plan forstrengthening the units in August last year. The regulator subsequentlyconducted pre-operation inspections of the units to confirm that thesafety countermeasure equipment complies with the approvedconstruction plan at the plant. The governor of Fukui Prefectureapproved the restart of Ohi units 3 and 4 in November.
Source: www.world-nuclear-news.org
China will "steadily promote" thedevelopment of nuclear powerthis year, according to a planreleased today by the country'sNational Energy Administration(NEA). The plan calls for five newnuclear power reactors to bebrought online in 2018 andconstruction to be started on a
Canadian science, health care and nuclear sector organisations havelaunched an initiative aiming to ensure the country remains a worldleader in the production of medical isotopes following the final closure ofthe National Research Universal (NRU) reactor. The Canadian NuclearIsotope Council (CNIC) aims to raise awareness and support long-termpolicies at the domestic and international level.
Fuel loading under way atChinese EPR Apr 11
Source: www.world-nuclear-news.org
AEM Technology (Subsidiary ofRussian state nuclearcorporation - Rosatom) hascompleted the manufacture ofthe bottom of thereactor vessel for unit 1 of theKursk II nuclear power plantunder construction in westernRussia. This is the first of theVVER-TOI (typicaloptimised, with enhancedinformation) design nuclearreactors.
Fuel loading operations begin atTaishan 1 (Image: CGN)
Source: www.world-nuclear-news.org, https://mnr.mcmaster.ca
Page 6 of 11
As a part of Public Awareness programme, Students and staff ofSchools and Colleges and public from Tirunelveli, Tuticorin andKanyakumari districts and also from Kerala state visited KKNPP Site.They were familiarized with the nuclear power plant and Safetyfeatures of KKNPP in particular reference to the events at Fukhushima(Japan) and radiation safety during normal and abnormal operation ofNuclear power plant.
April 1954: The world’s first nuclear submarine
Nuclear Slogan
PA activity conducted at KKNPP SiteAt
site
Source: www.ucsusa.org
Spring of 1954 saw TheEngineer reporting onUSS Nautilus, the world’sfirst nuclear submarine, apioneering piece ofengineering.
Its reactor had beeneven longer in theplanning, withWestinghouse ElectricCorporation instructed todevelop a nuclear powerplant for a submarine asfar back as 1947. Theresult was the SubmarineThermal Reactor(STR, later redesignatedthe S2W), a pressurisedwater reactor thatdelivered 13,400hp(10,000kW) of power.Decommissioned in1980, today Nautilus is amuseum ship in Groton.She was designated aNational HistoricLandmark in 1982.
NASA and Columbia University found that nuclear power may havesaved 1.8 million lives that otherwise would have been lost topollution from emissions. Nuclear electricity promotes people’s well-being by improving air quality, providing jobs and stimulatingeconomies.
Source: www.nei.org, www.robertsoncooper.com
73
1
42
398
12064
164 119
3805
1320581
1594 1138
1
10
100
1000
10000
Engineering College
Public School Students
Science College
Teacher Training Institute
Programme organised No.of praticipants Publications distributed
Page 7 of 11At
siteFew glimpses from Site Visit
Pasumpon Thiru Muthuramalinga Thevar Memorial College, Ramanathapuram
Bethesda College of
Education, Kanyakumari
(12.04.2018)
Apr 02, 2018
University V.O.C. College of
Engineering,
Tuticorin
(06.04.2018)
Lady Doak College, Madurai
Students and staff from
Udaya School of
Engineering, Kanyakumari
(11.04.2018)
Apr 04 , 2018
Auditors from Indian overseas bank, Kanyakumari
(10.04.2018)
Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala
Apr 03, 2018
St.Johns College, Tirunelveli
Apr 10, 2018
Lourdes Matha College of Science and Technology (LMCST), Kerala
Apr 17, 2018
Page 8 of 11
K.L.N. College of Information
Technology, Sivagangai
(13.04.2018)
At site
Few glimpses from Site Visit
General public from S.S. Puram Village, Tirunelveli
K.L.N. College of Information
Technology, Sivagangai
(18.04.2018)
General public from C.S.I.
Church, Venganoor,
Kerala
(24.04.2018)
Apr 21 2018
Mano College, Tisyanvillai, Tirunelveli
Apr 25, 2018
Younus Insititute of
Technology, Kerala
(19.04.2018)
SCAD college of Education, Tirunelveli
Apr 20, 2018
S.C.M. Girls Higher Secondary School, Virudhunagar
Apr 27, 2018
Page 9 of 11
Magnox
Nuclear Terminology
More on Magnox
Lexicon
“Magnox” stands for Magnesium Non-Oxidizing, a term thatdescribes the magnesium alloy cladding used on the carbondioxide cooled, graphite moderated reactors of this type. In1956, the first reactor of the Magnox type — one of aneventual eight at Calder Hall — was dedicated by QueenElizabeth II and placed in service. Eventually very much largerunits were built, optimized for commercial power service(instead of dual power production and plutonium productionas initially envisaged) and the type went on to have a long andsuccessful history in the UK.
Magnox is a type of nuclear power/production reactor that wasdesigned to run on natural uranium with graphite as themoderator and carbon dioxide gas as the heat exchange coolant. Itbelongs to the wider class of gas cooled reactors.
The first magnox reactor tocome online was CalderHall (at the Sellafield site) in1956, frequently regarded asthe "first commercial-scaleelectricity producing reactorin the world", while the lastin Britain to shut down wasReactor 1 in Wylfa (on YnysMôn) in 2015.The magnox fuel elements
consisted of refined uraniumenclosed in a loose-fittingmagnox shell and thenpressurized with helium. Theoutside of the shell wastypically finned in order toimprove heat exchange withthe CO2.Like the Windscale
designs, the Magnox reactorsallowed access to the fuelchannels and couldbe refuelled whileoperating. The Magnoxdesign was superseded bythe Advanced Gas-cooledReactor, which is similarlycooled but includes anumber of changes toimprove its economicperformance.
Schematic diagram of a Magnox nuclear reactor showing gas flow. Thisrepresents an early Magnox design with a cylindrical, steel, pressure vessel.
Source: Wikipedia, http://ansnuclearcafe.org
As a part of PA
outreach
activity, Seminars, Wor
kshop, Lectures and
Exhibitions were
conducted at
Educational Institutions
and Organisations.
PA outreach programme conducted
outside KKNPP:
Date OrganisationNo of
participantsPublications distributed
April 10Rohini College of Engineering, Anjugramam, Kanyakumari District
130 -
Total 4110 9000
Outside KKNPP
Page 10 of 11
Did you know?
Source: World Nuclear Association
'Clean Coal' Technologies
Source: https://www.skepticalscience.com
Source: www.thehindu.com
Feature article
JOBS SUPPORTED BY NUCLEAR IN CANADA
To be continued …
Contd…
Table 1. Coal-fired power generation, thermal efficiency
Nuclear in Canada is a
greater than $6 billion
industry. It directly and
indirectly supports a total
of 60,000 Canadian jobs.
25000, 42%
5000, 8%
30000, 50%
NUCLEAR JOBS
Power Generation
Mining
Indirect
country Technology Efficiency Projected efficiency with CCS
Australia Black ultra-supercritical WC
43% 33%
Black supercritical WC
41%
Black supercritical AC
39%
own ultra-supercritical WC
35% 27%
own supercritical WC
33%
own supercritical AC
31%
Belgium Black supercritical 45%
China Black supercritical 46%
Czech Republic
own PCC 43% 38%
own ICGG 45% 43%
Germany Black PCC 46% 38%
own PCC 45% 37%
Japan, Korea Black PCC 41%
Russia Black ultra-supercritical PCC
47% 37%
Black supercritical PCC
42%
South Africa Black supercritical PCC
39%
USA Black PCC & IGCC 39% 39%
USA (EPRI) Black supercritical PCC
41%
PCC= pulverised coal combustion, AC= air-cooled, WC= water-cooled; Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
Prepared & Edited by:
K.B.Jashi, OIC, TLD Lab
Reviewed by:
P.Pandaram, Member Secretary,
PA Committee
R.S.SawantTraining Superintendent
& Chairman,
PA Committee
Issued by:
DS ChoudharySite Director,
KKNPP Site
Contact details:
Public Awareness Committee Kudankulam Nuclear Power ProjectKudankulam-627106 E-Mail: [email protected]
Page 11 of 11
What is Biochar? How NuclearTechnology paves the way for Climate-Smart Agriculture?
Trivia
Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment.
Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can
endure in soil for thousands of years. Like most
charcoal, Biochar is produced through pyrolysis or
gasification — processes that heat biomass in the
absence (or under reduction) of oxygen.
Nuclear Trivia
Pineapples and biochar:Costa Rica generatesmore than 10 milliontonnes of pineappleresidues as a by-productper harvest — every 18months — so theydecided to use theseresidues to producebiochar. Reducingpineapple residue isespecially important,because it offers abreeding ground for thestable fly, an insect pestthat is devastating cattle.
Biochar is a PowerfullySimple Tool to CombatClimate Change:In addition to creating asoil enhancer,sustainable biocharpractices can produce oiland gas byproducts thatcan be used asfuel, providingclean, renewable energy.When the biochar isburied in the ground as asoil enhancer, thesystem can become"carbon negative.”Biochar and bioenergyco-production can helpcombat global climatechange by displacingfossil fuel use and bysequestering carbon instable soil carbon pools.
THE SCIENCE:Carbon sequestration in soil:Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases
and water. Carbon is a key ingredient of soil and its
health, but, in a gaseous form as CO2, it is a GHG.
Plants capture carbon in the form of CO2 from the
air, transforming it into organic matter and thereby
transferring it into soil, which boosts soil productivity
and resilience to harsh climate conditions.
The idea of soil capturing and storing atmospheric
carbon dioxide (CO2), also known as carbon
sequestration, can counterbalance the increase of
GHGs. Analysing carbon isotopes allows
researchers to evaluate soil quality and sources of
carbon sequestered in the soil. By measuring
carbon sequestration, they can identify whether
biochar is enhancing soil fertility and helping reduce
CO2 emissions.
Similarly, by using fertilizers in defined plots labelled
with the nitrogen-15 stable isotope (15N) scientists
can track the amount of nitrogen taken up by plants
or lost to the atmosphere as GHGs or to surface
and groundwater, and can determine how effectively
the crops are taking up the fertilizer. This helps
them optimize fertilizer use on farms.
A piece of biochar
Source: Wikipedia, www.iaea.org, biochar-international.org