ao 6 - participation in sport

8/6/2019 AO 6 - Participation in Sport

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1 | P a g e J o s h W i l l i a m s

OCR Sport

AO 6

List the specific

needs of fourdifferent user

groups which may

affect their

participation in

sport Josh Williams




Some of the main concerns of groups of that people are affected

by due to the lack of participation in sport would be:

Sex - Some sports are still considered male sports and so it issometimes harder for women to get involved in these sports (e.g.

Rugby and football)

Politics - Politics have an effect on the availability of facilities for

training and competitions. Governments also decide what sportsare taught in schools

Age - Certain age groups tend to play certain sports. Younger

people will usually pick the more physically demanding sportssuch as hockey or rugby, whereas older people are often limited

physically and pick less strenuous sports like bowls and swimming

Money - Some sports are expensive because they requiremembership fee or lots of expensive equipment or clothing. For

example skiing

Fashion - Sports and other activities go in and out of

fashion. Media coverage and success of British athletes often has

an influence on a sports popularity

Disabilities ² A lot of sports are unavailable to the certain needs of

disabilities, and require specialist equipment which is expensiveand at a low availability to the general public

Challenge / Danger - A lot of people like sports which they can get

a mental pleasure of and have an element of danger. Extremesports are becoming more popular

Environment / climate / access to facilities - Where you live will

affect the sports you get involved in. The landscape in the lakedistrict for example is perfect for hiking. You need to live near the

sea to take part in surfing etc

Technology - Technology affects the availability, cost and safety of

some sports It can also improve teaching and coaching aids whichincreases participation




The four areas of groups that can affect the participation in sport

activity that I am going to explain are:

Disability

Age

Gender

Culture/facilities/environment

Disability

The one of the barriers facing individuals with disabilities will beparticular to their specific disability. People who may have sometype of ¶disability· if it is say a physical such as a loss of limb ormental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or

activities. Of which people may have a difficulty to participate in asporting activity in a result

This could be a result of unable in using a specific limb or not

understanding due to a mental disability which could change theparticipation in several different ways in such as physical, mental

or socially. An example of this could be physically the person maynot be able to meet the demands of the activity which would

restrict the choice of physical activity. A social aspect that couldaffect people with disabilities participation in physical activitysuch as being in a type of disability must be very hard and theymay feel that they are not meeting the demands of they·re peers.

An example of a mental factor that could result in a lack of



4 | P

¡ ¢ J o s h W i l l i a m s

part icipat ion in sport could be t he disabilit £ it self must be a ver £

challenging life t o live which could drop confidence and make feeldifferent t o ot hers which may not be a chosen act ivit y t o

part icipat e in.

People wit h disabilit ies are treat ed and trained if part icipat ion isnormally trained wit h specialist equipment and coaches t hat meet t he demands of t hey·re abilit y. This would normally come as a

huge cost due t o all of t he specialist necessit ies.

But not just t he specialist equipment is all t hat is required for people wit h disabilit ies need t o part icipat e in physical act ivit y

because t hey need different facilit ies which meet t he demands of t heir abilit y and also t he chosen sport . This could also lead t o a

lack of part icipat ion in sport due t o specific facilit ies which are not

always local t o all areas, and also which a chosen sport t here willbe limit at ions t o cert ain sport such as act ivit ies as wheelchair basket ball, swimming or at hlet ics which can offer a wide range of

event s for all t ypes of abilit ies but as earlier not ed t hat t here is ahigh cost for specialist equipment and coaches which poorer

families wit h a disabilit y may not be able t o afford.

Ot her fact ors of t he individual t heir self or t he families of which adisabilit y may have, may be prot ect ive such as not want ing t o

part icipat e in sport due t o a fear of being different which comesback t o t he ment al and social aspect of a lack of part icipat ion in

sport such a fear of being bullied or unwant ed which could occur as having more att ent ion t owards t hem. Or t here could just be t he

feel of a feel of causing t oo much hassle due t o needing t o be

treat ed wit h more care.




Age

The one of the barriers facing individuals with age segregation inparticipation sport are some activities are regarded as young

people·s sports and some are regarded as old people·s sports,

which could prove to be unfair to some due to some people may

want to participate in a certain sport which could result in

rejection due to not being able to meet the demands of certain

activities such as an older individual wanting to play rugby may

not be able to being too old and not be able to participate due to

safety reasons.

There is a big relationship between young people and old people

in the factors that can result in a lack of participation in sport.

Some of the factors that could affect the demands as physical

such as:

A competitor·s age will affect their performance in the followingways:

Strength

y Children are not as strong as adults. We do not reach ourmaximum strength until we are fully grown at around 20

y In your 20's and 30's it is easy to build up strength andmuscle mass




y In your 40's and onwards strength decreases as protein

levels and muscle mass falls

Flexibility

y We are most flexible as adolescentsy As we get older we tend to lose this suppleness

Oxygen capacity

y Our capacity to transport and use oxygen so effectively falls

as we age

Injury and disease

y As we age, weakness and inflexibility make us more prone to

injuryy It also takes us longer to healy Diseases such as cancer and heart disease are more

prominent in the older population

Reaction times

y As we age, we get slower to react to a stimulus

Experience

y Older athletes are often called experienced, and thisexperience can be an important tool

y Experience helps us to know how best to deal with a situation




For all forms of competitive sport there are age divisions, usually

junior, youth and then senior. If an activity requires a great deal of

physical exertion, it is going to be more difficult to compete at a

high level, as you get older. Which is why there is often either age

restrictions or age barriers to either group ages with each otheror hold restrictions

Another factor that could affect the participation in sports could

be people take part is closely related to their age and local

tradition. As people get older the time spent taking part in sport

becomes less and the nature of the sport changes.

Activities with high-energy requirements and output such

as rugby are generally associated with younger players while

activities that rely on skill rather than physical fitness such

as lawn bowls are associated with older people. Sprains and other

minor injuries become more frequent and recovery time becomes

longer.

Another factor could be routines which are hard to then allocate

physical activity into. Such as older people have lower energy

levels and may not be able to do much exercise due to fatigue. And

also middle age people may not be able to find the time such as

stress levels due to work and other factors, but which could makesport not important to them, younger people such a children and

teenagers may not be able to participate in sport due to parents

and just explained who can participate in sport may have the same

affect on their children such as not having time to show their

children a variety of sports. This could cause a lack of

opportunities.




int erest , t his could be because of t his lower profile, many

companies would rat her sponsor men·s t eams as t hey get more att ent ion

y Women's compet it ions t end t o have less prize money t hanmen's. Even in sport s where coverage is good

y There aren't as many female sport ing role models, t his islargely due again t o t he lack of media att ent ion

Women may feel t hat t heir gender can affect in t heir part icipat ionwhich could be a result of as women are not as dominant in

sport ing act ivit y which could change t he part icipat ion in several

different ways in such as physical, ment al or socially. An exampleof t his could be physically women are not as physically strong asmen which could be made t hem t o be looked down on by t hem not

be able t o meet t he demands of t he act ivit y such as rugby, whichwould restrict t he choice of physical act ivit y. A social aspect t hat

could affect women and part icipat ion in physical act ivit y such asbeing st ereot yped as weaker and less att ent ion showed t o which

could lower part icipat ion. An example of a ment al fact or t hat couldresult in a lack of part icipat ion in sport could be t he fact t hat

women feel lef t out f rom some sport s which could just make some

women feel t hat t here is no point due t o segregat ion f rom t heir chosen sport .




Cult ure/facilit ies/environment

The one of t he barriers facing individuals wit h t he locat ion t hat

t hey are living in or t he economical st at e t hey are in can be a big

barrier t owards t he part icipat ion in sport . Some of t he

disadvant ages could be:

Cult ure

Wrong environment

No facilit ies

Expensive equipment st art up cost

These disadvant ages can be seen upon t o affect t he part icipat ion

wit h some people in sport due t o, in cert ain cult ures children are

leaded t owards cert ain sport s such as Brit ain is t ypically

forwarded t owards rugby and foot ball whereas ot her countries

such as India are t owards cricket , due t o it being as a part as t heir

cult ure, but not all cases are like t his even cit ies have t he sameaffect on people part icipat ing in sport , an example of t his would be

if you live near t he sea or lake you are more likely t o do wat er

sport s rat her t han if you live in t he country you would be likely t o

play sport s more local t o your area or suit your cult ure




Weather and climate affect sport badly. Each sport has suitableweather condition. Like soccer and cricket is played in sunnyweather. Most of the time, the cricket game is stopped because of

rainy weather. Soccer players feel hard to play in slipperyground. Usually, outdoor games are affected by weather. Indoor

games like badminton, table tennis, snooker, basketball, etc arenot very much influenced.

It depends on which game you want to participate in.

Adults are also play a big role upon the outcome in participation insport, an example of this would be, children are more likely to play

sport if their parents do and if their parents do they are more likelyto participate in that sport, due to being introduced to the sport of

the environment. The picture below is of Barry and ShaneMcGuigan. Barry McGuigan, 49, was crowned world featherweight

champion in 1985(right) and his son Shane is trying to continue

where his dad left off

Other factors of which can affect the participation in sport can be

the economical state of some families, this can be for example

people not being able to afford to participate in sport, an example

of this could be a gym membership or joining teams and the

equipment for the specific sporting activity chosen which could

be too expensive for some people to afford so this could just leave




them in not doing physical activity. Children can also be affected

by this because their parents might not be able to pay for the same

fees as show above. This would not give them the same

opportunities as others will have.

So depending on the environment you live in and the economic

state you are in can have a huge affect in your participation in

physical activity.

ao 6 - participation in sport

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