Effect of phytase with or without multienzyme supplementation on performance and nutrient

digestibility of young broiler chicks fed mash or crumble diets

Youssef A. Attia,1,2 Walid S. El-Tahawy,2 Abd El-Hamid E. Abd El-Hamid,2 Saber S. Hassan,2 Antonino Nizza,3 Mahmoud I. El-Kelaway2

1Arid Land Agriculture Department, King Abudlaziz University, Jeddah,Saudi

Arabia

2Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Damanhour University, Egypt

3Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche e Ispezione degli Alimenti, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy

Abstract

A total of 210 unsexed 1-day old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were wing banded and randomly distributed among 30 cages of 7 birds per cage keeping equal initial BW during days 1-20 of age. A factorial design (2×3) was used in which there were two feed forms (mash vs crumble diet) and three enzyme treatments (unsupplemented, phytase, phytase plus multienzyme). Each treatment was replicated 5 times with 7 chicks per replicate. Body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fed chicks were significantly improved when the crumble diet was administered. However, feed intake of chicks fed on the crumble feeds was significantly lower than those fed the mash diet. Digestibility of ether extract and crude fiber was significantly greater in groups fed the crumble diet than those fed the mash diet. Enzyme supplementation significantly and similarly increased growth and

production index, and improved FCR. Also greater digestibility of crude protein and crude ash was observed but growth during days 8-14 of age and crude fibre digestibility were significantly greater in chicks receiving the multienzyme plus phytase supplement than those receiving phytase alone. Crumble feed supplemented with multienzyme resulted in the highest performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers during days 1-20 of age. Key words: Broilers, Form of feeds, Enzymes,Phytase, Digestibility. Published:Italian Journal of Animal Science 2012; volume 11:e56 References: Abudabos, M.A., 2012. Phytate phosphorus utilization and intestinal phytase activity in laying hens. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 11:e8. Adeyemi, O.A., Eruvbetine, D., Oguntona, T., Dipeolu, M., Agunbiade, J.A., 2008. Feeding broiler chicken with diets containing whole cassava root meal fermented with rumen filtrate. Arch. Zootec. 57:247-258. AI-Harthi, M.A., 2006. Impact of supplemental feed enzymes, condiments mixture or their combination on broiler performance, nutrients digestibility and plasma constituents. Int. J. Poultry Sci. 5:764-771. Amerah, A.M., Ravindran, V., Lentle, R.G., Thomas, D.G., 2007. Feed particle size: Implications on the digestion and performance

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Effect of different levels of bee pollen on performance and blood profile of New Zealand White bucks and growth

performance of their offspring during summer and winter months

Y. A. Attia1, A. Al-Hanoun2 and F. Bovera3

1 Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture,

Damanhour University, Egypt,

2 Department of Rabbits, Turkey and Waterfowls Production, Animal Production Research Institute, ARC, Ministry of Agriculture and Land

Reclamation, Alexandria, Egypt, and

3 Department of Scienze Zootecniche e Ispezione degli alimenti, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.

abstract

The effect of bee pollen on productive and reproductive performances of adult buck rabbits and their offspring was studied during winter and summer seasons. Forty New Zealand White bucks were equally divided among four groups feeding the same commercial diet and receiving a water solution containing, respectively, 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg bee pollen/kg body weight, twice per week along two experimental periods. The experimental periods were listed for ten weeks both during winter (30–40 weeks of age) and summer seasons (56–66 weeks of age). During the trials body weight, body weight gain, total feed intake, semen quality, fertility and blood constituents were determined.

Fertility was determined after natural mating with no treated females. For each season, 80 weaned rabbits obtained from the bucks of the control group were equally divided (20 per group) among 4 levels (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg BW) of bee pollen, given as a water solution twice per week. The offspring sired by bucks given 100, 200 and 300 mg (20 for each group and season) were not administrated bee pollen. The effect of bee pollen on growth performance of rabbits was studied from 4 to 12 weeks of age. Bee pollen at 200 mg/kg BW significantly (p < 0.01) improved semen quality, increased fertility percentage, improved biochemical profiles of blood and helps outstanding of bucks during both seasons. The same concentration of bee pollen increased body weight gain and survival rate and reduced feed intake and feed conversion ratio of offspring up to 12 weeks of age. Keywords: bee pollen, performance, semen quality, offspring performance published in: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition References: Abd El-Moty, A. K. I.; Abd El-Hakeam, A. A.; Abd El-Rahman, M. A. Z., 1991: Physiological responses of rabbits to high air temperature. 2. Productive and reproductive efficiency. Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science 1, 146–158. Abraham, G. E., 1977: Handbook of Radioimmunoassay. Marcal Dekker, New York. Abreu, M., 1992: El polen como alimento en la nutricion humana. Alimentaria 235, 45–46.

Attia, Y. A.; Burke, W. H.; Yamani, K. A.; Jensen, L. S., 1995: Energy allotments and reproductive performance of broiler breeders. 1. Males. Poultry Science 74, 247–260. Attia, Y. A.; Bo¨ hmer, B. M.; Roth-Maier, D. A., 2006: Responses of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively high ambient temperature to enzymes, amino acid supplementations, or diet density. Archiv fu¨ r Geflu¨ gelkunde 70, 80–91. Attia, Y. A.; Abd El Hamid, A. E.; Bovera, F.; El-Sayed, M. I., 2009: Reproductive and productive performance of rabbit does submitted to an oral glucose supplementation. Animal 3, 1401–1407. Ayyat, M. S.; Marai, I. F. M.; El-Sayiad, G. A., 1995: Genetic and non genetic factors affecting milk production and pre-weaning litters traits of New Zealand White under Egyptian conditions. World Rabbit Science, 3, 119–124. Bell, R. R.; Thormber, E. J.; Seet, J. L. L.; Groves, M. T.; Ho, N. P.; Bell, D. T., 1983: Composition and protein quality of honeybee collected pollen of Eucalyptus marginate and Eucalyptus calophylla. Journal of Nutrition 113, 2479–2484. Broadhurst, C.L., 1999. Bee products: medicine from the hive. Issue of Nutrition Science News, August 1999. Carpes, S. T.; Begnini, R.; de Alencar, S. M.; Masson, M. L. 2007. Study of preparations of bee pollen extracts, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Cieˆncia e Agrotecnologia, vol. 31, no.6 Lavras Nov./Dec. 2007. Ceglecka, M.; Wo´ jcicki, J.; Gonet, B.; Put, A.; Kuz´na-

Grygiel, W.; Samochowiec, L., 1991: Effect of pollen extracts on prolonged poisoning of rats with organic solvents. Phytotherapy Research 5, 245–249. Cervera, C.; Ferzandez-Carmona, J. 1997: Nutricı´n y temperatura ambiente. XXII Symposium de cunicultura. Gran Canaria, 16 pp. Cheeke, P. R.; Patton, N. M.; Lukefahr, S. D.; McNitt, J. I., 1987: Principle of rabbit nutrition. In: Rabbit Production, 6th edn. The Interstate Printers & Publishers, Danville, IL, pp 141–143. Crane, E., 1990: Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources. Cornstock Publ., Ithaca, NY, USA, pp. 593–594. El-Hanoun, A. M.; El-Saieed, H.; El-Sbeiy, M. S.; Kamel, K. I., 2007: Effect of bee pollen supplementation on some productive, reproductive and biochemical traits of growing male rabbits during winter and summer seasons. In: 5th International Conference on Rabbit Production in Hot Climates, 4–7 December, Hurghada, Egypt, pp. 417–433. Garcı´a, M.; Pe´rez-Arquillue, C.; Juan, T.; Juan, M. I.; Herrera, A., 2001: Note: pollen analysis and antibacterial activity of Spanish honeys. Food Science Technology International, Cambridge, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 155–158. Hafez, E. S.; Dyer, I. A., 1996: Animal Growth and Nutrition. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA. Hedia, S. A.; Kamel, K. I.; El-Sbeiy, M. S.; El-Hanoun, A. M., 2007: Effect of Egyptian bee pollen supplementation on some reproductive performance and hematobiological

constituents of female rabbits during winter and summer seasons. 4th World Poultry Conference, 27–30 March, Sharm El-Sheik, pp. 579–594. Kidd, M. T., 2006. Maternal nutrition effects on progeny development and performance. In: 33rd Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference, Sheraton Imperial Hotel, RTP, NC, September 26, pp. 1–17. Leja, M.; Mareczek, A.; Wyzgolik, G.; Klepacz-Baniak, J.; Czekon´ ska, K., 2007: Antioxidative properties of bee pollen in selected plant species. Food Chemistry 100, 237–240. Marai, I. F. M.; Habeeb, A. A.; Gad, A. E., 2002: Reproductive traits of male rabbits as affected by climatic conditions, in the subtropical environment of Egypt. Animal Science 75, 451–458. Marai, I. F. M.; Habeeb, A. A.; Gad, A. E., 2005: Tolerance of imported rabbits grown as meat animals to hot climate and saline drinking water in the subtropical environment of Egypt. Animal Science 81, 115–123. Markham, K. R.; Campos, M., 1996: 7- and 8-0-methylherbacetin- 3-0-sophorosides from bee pollens and some structure/activity observations. Phytochemistry 43, 763–767. Proestos, C.; Chorianopoulos, N.; Nichas, G. J. E.; Komaitis, M., 2005: RP-HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds of plant extracts: investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 53(4), 1190–1195.

Sˇ aric´ , A.; Balog, T.; Soboc´anec, S.; Kusˇic, B.; Sˇ verko, V.; Rusak, G.; Likic, S.; Bubalo, D.; Pinto, B.; Reali, D.; Marotti, T., 2009: Antioxidant effects of flavonoid from Croatian Cystus incanus L. rich bee pollen. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47, 547–554. SAS, 1998: SAS, procedure Guide. Version b 12 ED. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA. Tumer, K. K.; Nielsen, B. N.; O’Connor, C. I.; Burton, J. L., 2006: Bee pollen product supplementation to horses in training seems to improve feed intake: a pilot study. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 90, 414–420. Wang, J.; Jin, G.; Zheng, Y.; Li, S.; Wang, H., 2005: Effect of bee pollen on development of immune organ of animal. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 30, 1532–1536. Wang, J.; Li, S.; Wang, Q.; Xin, B.; Wang, H., 2007: Trophic effect of bee pollen on small intestine in broiler chickens. Journal of Medicine Food 10, 276–280. Xu, X.; Sun, L.; Dong, J.; Zhang, H., 2009: Breaking the cells of rape bee pollen and consecutive extraction of functional oil with supercritical carbon oxide. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 10, 42–46.

productive and physiological traits of broiler chicks fed diets

with or without aflatoxin during the first 3 weeks of life

Y. A. Attia1*, H. F. Allakany2, A. E. Abd Al-Hamid3, A. A. Al-Saffar4, R. A. Hassan5 and N. A. Mohamed5

1 Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment

and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abudlaziz University, Saudi Arabia,

2 Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, (El-Bostan), Damanhour University, Egypt,

3 Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture,

Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt,

4 Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, FRD/AAD, Safat, Kuwait, and

5 Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, ARC, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt

abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine whether some non-nutritive feed additives (NNFA) could block the adverse effects of aflatoxin (AF) on growth performance and physiological parameters of Cobb broilers throughout the period from 1 to 21 day of age. There were eight treatments consisting of two levels of AF at 0 and 200 ppb and four NNFA within each AF level. These additives included mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) at 2 g/kg diet, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate

(HSCAS) at 2 g/kg diet and Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lac) at 2 g/kg diet. At 21 day of age, five chickens of each treatment were slaughtered to study dressing percentage and relative weight of inner organs and glands. AF had a significant negative effect on body weight gain (BWG), and feed intake, while impairing feed conversion ratio (FCR). Aflatoxin significantly increased percentage liver, lymphocyte (%), monocyte (%), serum triglyceride level, and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), concentrations while decreasing dressing percentage, intestinal percentage, white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hgb), packed cell volume (PCV), heterophil (%), heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, total serum protein and serum albumin. Aflatoxin adversely affected the morphology of the liver, bursa and the thymus. There was a significant interaction between AF and NNFA on the relative weights of liver, heart and intestine. Lac completely blocked the negative effects of AF on the percentage liver and the heart and partially on the intestine. In conclusion, Lac was most effective in reversing the adverse effects of AF on growth and FCR and on the percentage, functions and morphology of the liver. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate also improved the economic traits of broilers but was less effective than Lac and more effective than MOS.

Keywords aflatoxin, broilers, productive performance, feed additives, blood constituents

published: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of some essential amino acids on productive and physiological traits of slow-growing chicks

exposed to chronic heat stress

Y. A. Attia1, R. A. Hassan2, A. E. Tag El-Din1 and B. M. Abou-Shehema2

1 Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture,

Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt, and

2 Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land

Reclamation, Giza, Egypt

Abstract Four hundred and twenty, 21-day-old slow-growing chicks were divided randomly into seven treatments, each containing five replicates. Each replicate was kept in a 1 · 1-m floor pen. One treatment was kept under thermo-neutral conditions in a semi-open house and fed a corn– soybean meal diet (positive control). The other six groups were kept under chronic heat stress (CHS) at 38 _C and 60% RH for 4 h from 12:00 to 16:00 pm for three successive days per week. Chicks in CHS treatments were fed a corn-soybean meal diet without (negative control) or with increasing metabolizable energy (ME) level by oil supplementation alone, or also with increasing some essential amino acids (EAA) such as methionine (Met), methionine and lysine (Met+Lys) or methionine, lysine and arginine (Met+Lys+Arg) or supplemented with 250 mg of ascorbic acid (AA)/kg. CHS impaired (p < 0.05) growth performance, increased plasma triglycerides and total serum Ca while decreasing (p < 0.05) plasma glucose

and total serum protein. Meanwhile 250 mg AA/kg diet or an increasing ME without or with some EAA partially alleviated (p < 0.0001) the negative effect of CHS on growth while increasing (p < 0.05) feed intake and improving (p < 0.05) feed:gain ratio (F:G) and crude protein (CP) digestibility (p < 0.05). AA or increasing ME with or without EAA increased (p < 0.05) percentage dressing, liver and giblets to those of the positive control. AA or increasing ME with or without EAA partially alleviated the negative effect of CHS on blood pH, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hgb), total serum protein and total Ca, plasma glucose and triglyceride, rectal temperature and respiration rate. Increasing ME level improved chickens’ tolerance to CHS without a significant difference from those supplemented with AA. However, increasing Met, Lys and Arg concentration did not improve performance over that recorded with increasing ME level alone. Under CHS, 250 mg AA/kg diet or increasing ME level by addition of 3% vegetable oil could be an useful approach to improve productive and physiological traits of slow-growing chicks, which may be applicable also to fast-growing one.

Keywords ascorbic acid, energy, amino acids, heat stress, productive and physiological traits .

publish in : Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 95 (2011) 744–755 ©2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH

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Productive and reproductive performance and egg quality

of laying hens fed diets containing different levels of date pits with enzyme supplementations

A. E. Al-saffar

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, FRD/AAD, Safat 13109, Kuwait

Y. A. Attia

Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University,

Damanhour 22516, Egypt

M. B. Mahmoud Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, ARC, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation,

Alexandria, Egypt

H. S. Zewell Department of Animal and Fish Production,

Faculty of Agriculture—Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

F. Bovera (*)

Department of Scienze Zootecniche e Ispezione degli alimenti, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Napoli Federico II,

Naples, Italy e-mail: bovera@unina.it

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of phytase and/or multienzymes (protease, amyloglucoidase, xylanase, B-glucanase, cellulose, and hemicellulase) on improving the utilization of date pit (DP) in laying hens. In the first one, DP completely replaced corn in four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets: (1) DP50 without additives, (2) DP50+500 FTU phytase/kg, (3) DP50+0.1 % multienzymes, and (4) DP50+500 FTU phytase/kg+0.1 % multienzymes, in addition to the diet without DP. In the second experiment, DP was included at 0 %, 15 %, and 30 % in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Meanwhile, diets containing 15 % and 30%DP (DP15 and DP30) were fed without or with 500 FTU phytase/kg diet and/or 0.1 % multienzymes. In both experiments, each diet was fed to six groups of five hens housed individually (520 cm2 per hen) during 30–42 and 28–42weeks in the first and second experiment, respectively. In the first experiment, productive performance and shell quality of laying hens significantly decreased due to complete substitution of corn, but fertility and hatchability were not affected. Phytase, multienzymes supplementation did not restore laying performance to the control level. The results of experiment 2 indicated that DP could be included in laying hens diets up to 30 % when supplemented with multienzymes. Keywords : Date pits . Productive and reproductive performance . Enzymes . Amino acids

published in : Trop Anim Health Prod (2013) 45:327–334 DOI 10.1007/s11250-012-0222-1

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Oral glucose supplementation improved semen quality and constituents of seminal and blood plasma of NZW buck rabbits in the subtropics

Youssef A Attia1 A E Abd El Hamid1

Fulvia Bovera2 Mohamed El-Sayed1

1Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture,

Damanhour University, Egypt; 2Department of Scienze Zootecniche

e Ispezione degli Alimenti, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy

Abstract The effect of different levels of oral glucose supplementation on reproductive performance of New Zealand white buck rabbits was studied on 12 bucks aged 6–7 months, randomly divided among four groups from February to September. The treatments consisted of supplementing drinking water with 0 (control), 2.5, 5, and 10 g of glucose/L, respectively. Semen was collected twice weekly from April through September. Three samples of blood and seminal plasma were collected for each treatment during August. Semen

quality, biochemical constituents of seminal and blood plasma, and testosterone were studied. Oral glucose supplementation of 5 or 10 g/L of drinking water significantly increased semen volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration, live sperm percentage, total sperm output, and total live sperm output and significantly decreased abnormal sperm percentage as compared to the control group. Addition of glucose at 5 g/L water significantly increased blood plasma total protein, albumin, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and testosterone hormone compared to the control group. Keywords: rabbit, glucose, semen quality, seminal and blood plasma

Published in :

the following Dove press Journal : Open Access Animal Physiology 17 November 2010

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