antiviral agents
DESCRIPTION
Antiviral agents. Viruses treatable with antiviral drugs. HSV VZV CMV HIV Influenza A and B Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses (HAV;HBV;HCV) Papilloma Picornavirus. Agents active against Herpesviruses-I. Acyclovir Cidofovir Famciclovir and penciclovir - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Antiviral agents
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Viruses treatable with antiviral drugs HSV VZV CMV HIV Influenza A and B Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses (HAV;HBV;HCV) Papilloma Picornavirus
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Agents active against Herpesviruses-I
Acyclovir Cidofovir Famciclovir and penciclovir Foscarnet Fomivirsen
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Agents active against Herpesviruses-II
Ganciclovir Valacyclovir Valganciclovir Vidarabine Topical agents: -Trifluridine
-Vidarabine
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Revolution in the field of Infectious diseases: The availability of Increasing number of antiviral agents Against a broadening spectrum of viral
pathogens
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Mechanism of action of antiviral agents
is essential , for appropriate clinical use and for understanding and managing antiviral
resistance !
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Acyclovir
HSV encephalitis Neonatal HSV infection Primer genital HSV Mucosal and cutaneous HSV-1 and HSV-2
infections in immunocompromised patients VZV infection Recurrent genital herpes
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Acyclovir resistance
Mutation either in viral TK or DNA polymerase genes.
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Cidofovir
Broad activity:
-adenoviruses
-herpesviruses
-papovaviruses
-poxviruses
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Cidofovir
Prophylaxis and treatment of CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS
Acyclovir and foscarnet resistent HSV infections
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Famciclovir and Penciclovir
DNA polimerase inhibitor Nucleoside analogue Famciclovir: synthetic Active metobolite: penciclovir 1% topical penciclovir
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Famciclovir
Singles (acute zoster) Genital HSV Mucocutaneous HSV in HIV infected
patients
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Foscarnet
Pyrophosphate analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor RT inhibitor Active agains all herpesviruses, HIV, HBV
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Foscarnet
CMV retinitis in AIDS patients Acyclovir resistant mucuccutaneous HSV
infections in AIDS patients Gancyclovir resistant CMV pulmoner
infections in AIDS patients Acyclovir resistant VZV infections in AIDS
patients
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Fomivirsen
Inhibits viral replication by antisense mechanism: its a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to a sequence in mRNA transkript and translation is inhibited.
Intravitreal injection for CMV retinitis
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Ganciclovir
Guanoside analogue DNA polimerase inhibitor Similar to acyclovir i.v, oral and intraocular application
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Ganciclovir
Prevention and treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients CMV disease in transplant patients
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Valacyclovir
Active metobolite= acyclovir
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Vidarabine
Nucleosid analogue First licensed systemic antiviral agent Acyclovir has supplanted vidarabine
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Topical agents for HSV keratitis
Trifluridine Vidarabine
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Interferons
Low molecular weight proteins With complex antiviral, immunomodulating, antiproliferative
activities. Produced by eucaryotic cells in response to various
inducers: viruses 3 types: IFN-, IFN-β , INF- δ IFN-2b: widest application Pegilated- IFN-polyethyleneglycol to the
interferon, through a process known as pegylation, enhances the half-life of the interferon when compared to its native form.
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HIV(Human immunodeficeincy virus) Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase
inhibitors:Zidovudine (azidothymidine) Non- Nucleoside analogue reverse
transcriptase inhibitors Protease inhibitors Fusion inhibitors Integrase inhibitors
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Hepatitis C: Interferon-ribavirin Hepatitis B: INF-lamivudine (reverse
transcriptase inhibitor), adefovir, … Papillomavirus: Interferon- RSV: Ribavirin CMV:ganciclovir, foscarnet VZV: valacyclovir, famciclovir Picornavirus: pleconaril
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Anti-influenza drugs
1. Influenza A: Amantadine Rimantadine2. Influenza A and B Zanamivir: enzyme inhibitors of neurominidase,
virus release is inhibited. Oseltamavir: the same The length of disease is reduced if taken within
the first 48hours