Upload File

antiquity and origin of the term hindu

4
::AntiquityandOriginoftheTerm Hindu:: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- !!PleaseTagandshare!! !!Pleasereadtilltheend.!! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- "OMNAMAHSHIVAYA" --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Theanti-HinduhistorianslikeRomilaThaparandD.N.Jhahaveopinedt hatthew ordHinduwasgivencurrencyby theArabsinthe8thcen tury.Theyhowever,dono t explainthebasisof theirconclusionnordo theyciteanyevidencein support oftheirclaim.EvenA rabMuslimwritersdonotmakesuchanextravagantclaim. Anothertheorypropoun dedbyEuropeanwriters isthatthewordHinduisaPersian corruptionofSindhuresultingfromthePersianpracticeofreplacing SwithH.Evenh ere,noevidenceiscited.InfactthewordPersiaitselfcontainsSwhichshould havebecomePerhiaifthistheorywascorrect. EpigraphicEvidence TheHamadan,Persepol isandNaqsh-I-RustamIn scriptionsofPersianmon archDari usmentionapeopleHiduasincludedinhisempire.Theseinscriptionsaredatedb etween520-485B.C.Thisfactestablishesthattheterm Hi(n)duwascurrentmoret han500yearsbeforeChrist. Xerexes,successorof Darius,inhisinscriptionsatPersepolis,gives namesof countriesunderhisrule.Thelistincludes Hidu.Xerexeswasrulingbetween485- 465B.C.Onatombin Persepolis,inanother inscriptionassignedtoA rtaxerexe s(404-395B.C.),ther earethreefiguresabov ewhichareinscribediyamQataguvi ya(thisisSatygidian),iyamGa(n)dariya(thisisGandhara)andiyamHi(n)duviya(th isisHi(n)du).TheAs okaninscriptions(3rdc enturyB.C.)repeatedlyu seexpres sionslikeHidaforIndiaandHidalokaforIndiannation. Hidaanditsderivativeform sareusedmorethan70 timesintheAshokaninscripti ons.ForinstanceintheJaugadha,separaterockedictII,thelines3 &4,read : Allmenaremypeople. Idesireformypeople thattheymaybeprovided withall welfareandhappiness .Idesireformypeople,includingthepeopleof Hindand beyondandIdesireforallmen. TheEdictfurther,say sinlines7&8Dhamma maybefollowedandthep eopleof Hindandbeyondmaybe served.TheAshokanins criptionsestablishtheantiquity ofthenameHindforIndiatoatleastthirdcenturyB.C. EvidencefromPahlviAvesta IntheAvesta,Hapta-H induisusedforSanskri tSapta-Sindhu,theAvest abeingd atedvariouslybetween 5000-1000B.C.Thisind icatesthatthetermHinduisasold asthewordSindhu.SindhuisaVediktermusedintheRigveda.Andtherefore, Hin duisasancientastheRigveda. IntheAvestanGathaShatir,163rdVersespeaksofthevisitofVedaVyastothec ourtofGustashpandi nthepresenceofZorash tra,VedaVyasintroduces himself sayingmanmardeamHindjijad.(IammanborninHind.)VedaVyaswasaneldercont emporaryofShriKrishna(3100B.C.). GreekUsage

Upload: halkakutta

Post on 05-Apr-2018

225 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Antiquity and Origin of the Term Hindu

7/31/2019 Antiquity and Origin of the Term Hindu

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/antiquity-and-origin-of-the-term-hindu 1/4

::AntiquityandOriginoftheTermHindu::

-------------------------------------------------------------------------!!PleaseTagandshare!!

!!Pleasereadtilltheend.!!----------------------------------------------------------------------------"OMNAMAHSHIVAYA"---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Theanti-HinduhistorianslikeRomilaThaparandD.N.JhahaveopinedthatthewordHinduwasgivencurrencybytheArabsinthe8thcentury.Theyhowever,donotexplainthebasisoftheirconclusionnordotheyciteanyevidenceinsupportoftheirclaim.EvenArabMuslimwritersdonotmakesuchanextravagantclaim.

AnothertheorypropoundedbyEuropeanwritersisthatthewordHinduisaPersiancorruptionofSindhuresultingfromthePersianpracticeofreplacingSwithH.Eere,noevidenceiscited.InfactthewordPersiaitselfcontainsSwhichshouldhavebecomePerhiaifthistheorywascorrect.

EpigraphicEvidence

TheHamadan,PersepolisandNaqsh-I-RustamInscriptionsofPersianmonarchDariusmentionapeopleHiduasincludedinhisempire.Theseinscriptionsaredatedb

etween520-485B.C.ThisfactestablishesthatthetermHi(n)duwascurrentmorethan500yearsbeforeChrist.

Xerexes,successorofDarius,inhisinscriptionsatPersepolis,givesnamesofcountriesunderhisrule.ThelistincludesHidu.Xerexeswasrulingbetween485-465B.C.OnatombinPersepolis,inanotherinscriptionassignedtoArtaxerexes(404-395B.C.),therearethreefiguresabovewhichareinscribediyamQataguviya(thisisSatygidian),iyamGa(n)dariya(thisisGandhara)andiyamHi(n)duviyaisisHi(n)du).TheAsokaninscriptions(3rdcenturyB.C.)repeatedlyuseexpressionslikeHidaforIndiaandHidalokaforIndiannation.

Hidaanditsderivativeformsareusedmorethan70timesintheAshokaninscriptions.ForinstanceintheJaugadha,separaterockedictII,thelines3&4,read

:

Allmenaremypeople.Idesireformypeoplethattheymaybeprovidedwithallwelfareandhappiness.Idesireformypeople,includingthepeopleofHindandbeyondandIdesireforallmen.

TheEdictfurther,saysinlines7&8DhammamaybefollowedandthepeopleofHindandbeyondmaybeserved.TheAshokaninscriptionsestablishtheantiquityofthenameHindforIndiatoatleastthirdcenturyB.C.

EvidencefromPahlviAvesta

IntheAvesta,Hapta-HinduisusedforSanskritSapta-Sindhu,theAvestabeingd

atedvariouslybetween5000-1000B.C.ThisindicatesthatthetermHinduisasoldasthewordSindhu.SindhuisaVediktermusedintheRigveda.Andtherefore,HinduisasancientastheRigveda.

IntheAvestanGathaShatir,163rdVersespeaksofthevisitofVedaVyastothecourtofGustashpandinthepresenceofZorashtra,VedaVyasintroduceshimselfsayingmanmardeamHindjijad.(IammanborninHind.)VedaVyaswasanelderconemporaryofShriKrishna(3100B.C.).

GreekUsage

Page 2: Antiquity and Origin of the Term Hindu

7/31/2019 Antiquity and Origin of the Term Hindu

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/antiquity-and-origin-of-the-term-hindu 2/4

TheGreektermIndoiisasoftenedformofHinduwheretheinitialHwasdroppedeGreekalphabethasnoaspirate.ThistermIndoiwasusedinGreekliteraturebyHekataeus(late6thcenturyB.C.)andHerodotus(early5thcenturyB.C.),thusestablishingthattheGreekswereusingthisderivativeofHinduasearlyas6thcenturyB.C.

TheHebrewBible

TheHebrewbibleusesHoduforIndia,whichisaJudaicformofHindu.TheHebrewible(OldTestament)isconsideredearlierthan300B.C.TodaysHebrewspokeninIsraelalsousesHoduforIndia.

TheChineseTestimony

TheChineseusedthetermHien-tuforHinduabout100B.C.11WhiledescribingmovemntsoftheSai-Wang(100B.C.),theChineseannalsstatethattheSai-WangwenttowardstheSouthandpassingHien-tureachedKi-Pin.

LaterChinesetravellersFa-Hien(5thcenturyA.D.)andHuen-Tsang(7thcenturyA.D.)useaslightlymodifiedtermYintubuttheaffinitytoHinduisstillretaine.ThistermYintucontinuestobeusedtilltoday

Pre-IslamicArabicLiterature

Sair-ul-OkulisananthologyofancientArabicpoetryavailableintheTurkishlibraryMakhtab-e-SultaniainIstanbul.InthisanthologyisincludedapoembyProphetMohammedsuncleOmar-bin-e-Hassham.ThepoemisinpraiseofMahadev(Shiva),andusesHindforIndiaandHinduforIndians.Someversesarequotedbelow:

WaAbalohaajabuarmeemanMahadevoManojaililamuddinminhumwasayattaruIfbutonceoneworshipsMahadevwithdevotion,Onewillattaintheultimatesalvation.

WasahabiKayyamfeemaKamilHindaeYauman,WaYakulamnalatabahanfoeennakTawajjaru.(OhLordgrantmebutonedayssojourninHind,Whereonecanattainspiritualbliss.)

MassayareakhalakanhasananKullahum,NajumamajaatSummagabulHindu.(Butonepilgrimagetheregetsoneallmerit,AndthecompanyofgreatHindusaints.)

ThesameanthologyhasanotherpoembyLabi-bin-eAkhtabbin-eTurfawhoisdated2300yearsbeforeMohammedi.e.1700B.C.ThispoemalsousesHindforIndiaandHinduforIndian.ThepoemalsomentionsthefourVedasSama,Yajur,RigandAthar.ThispoemisquotedoncolumnsintheLaxmiNarayanMandirinNewDelhi,popularlyknownasBirlaMandir(Temple)

Someversesareasfollows:

AyamuwarekalarajyushaiyanohaminarHindae,waaradakallhamanyonaifailjikaratun.(OhtheDivinelandofHind,blessedartthou,thouartchosenlandshoweredwithdivineknowledge.)

WahalatjaliYatunainanasahabiakhatunjikra,WahajayahiyonajjalurrasuminalHindatun.(Thatceletialknowledgeshineswithsuchbrilliance,ThroughthewordsofHindusaintsinfourfoldabundance.)

Yakuloonallahayaahlalarafalameenkullahum,fattabe-ujikaratulVedabukkunmalamyonajjaylatun.(Godenjoinsonall,followwithdevotion,pathshownbyVed

Page 3: Antiquity and Origin of the Term Hindu

7/31/2019 Antiquity and Origin of the Term Hindu

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/antiquity-and-origin-of-the-term-hindu 3/4

awithdivinepercept.)

WahowaalamusSamawalYajurminallahayTanajeelan,FaenomayaakhigomutibayanYobasshariyonajatun.(OverflowingwithknowledgeareSamaandYajurforMan,Brothers,followthepathwhichguidesyoutosalvation.)

WaisanainhumaRigAtharnasahinkaKhuwatun,WaasanatAla-udanwabowamashaeratun(AlsothetwoRigandAthar(va)teachusfraternity,takingshelterundertheirlusture,dispelsdarkness.)

HinduinSanskritLiterature

AnotherdoubtcreatedbythemoderndayanglicizedhistorianisthatthetermHinduisnotfoundusedinSanskritliterature.ThismisconceptioncanbedispelledbyquotingfromSanskritworks15:Merutantra(es#rU=)(4thto6thcenturyA.D.),aShaivatext,commentsonHindu.

Hinduisonewhodiscardsthemeanandtheignoble.

ThesameideaisexpressedinShabdaKalpadruma.

BrihaspatiAgamsays,

StartingfromHimalayauptoInduwatersisthisGod-createdcountryHindustan

ParijatHaranNatakdescribesHinduas,

Hinduisonewhowithpenancewashesonessinsandevilthoughtsandwitharmsdestroysonesenemies.

MadhavaDigvijayastates,

OnewhomeditatesonOmkarastheprimealsound,believesinkarma&reincarnation,hasreverenceforthecow,whoisdevotedtoBharat,andabhorsevil,isdeservingofbeingcalledHindu.

VriddhaSmritidefinesHinduas,

Onewhoabhorsthemeanandtheignoble,andisofnoblebearing,whoreverestheVeda,thecow,andthedeity,isaHindu.

SimilarlyotherSanskritworkswhichusethetermHinduare,KalikaPuran,BhavishyaPuran,AdbhutKosh,MediniKosh,RamKoshetc.EvenKalidashasusedaderivativeformHaindava.

HinduandSindhu

AnothertheorysaysthatHinduoriginatedfromthePersianpracticeofreplacingSithH.ThisdoesnotseemtobetrueisevidentfromthefactthatSindhhasnotbecomeHindandbothSindhandHindexistinPersianaswellasArabic.Theinscr

iptionsofDariusandXerexeswhichdescribeIndiaasHi(n)du,alsousethetermSugdforSogdiana.ThisSugdshouldhavebecomeHugdasperthistheory.ThePahnscriptionofShahpurII,usesSinShakastanandTuxaristan.

ButitcannotbedeniedthatHinduisaformofSindhu.ItneedstoberealisedthatthischangefromStoHiscommoninSaurashtrawhereSorathbecomesHorath,SomnathbecomesHomnathandsoon.TheformHinduistherefore,likelytohavecomefromSaurashtra.ItshouldalsobenotedthatasperNiruktarulesofgrammar,intheVediklanguage,replacementofSwithHispermitted

Page 4: Antiquity and Origin of the Term Hindu

7/31/2019 Antiquity and Origin of the Term Hindu

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/antiquity-and-origin-of-the-term-hindu 4/4

Conclusion

EpigraphicevidencetakestheantiquityofHindubacktoatleast500B.C.UseofHinduaspartofHapta-HinduintheAvestasuggeststhatHinduisasoldasSindhuherefore,belongstotheVedicage.RegardingtheoriginofHindufromSindhu,theaurashtranpracticeofpronouncingHinplaceofSprovidestheanswer.

source:AntiquityandOriginoftheTermHindu-ByDr.MurlidharH.Pahoja


South Asian Cooking - Smithsonian Institution · Hindu groups, Jains, ... Strong evidence for the antiquity of certain Hindu dishes comes ... The word satan, the common term for any

THE PART – 1 HINDU : THE NAME ORIGIN OF THE HINDU WORD

Art in Antiquity

Late Antiquity

A Beneficial Resemblance of the Origin of Hindu Law ...€¦ · regarding main source of the applications of Hindu law. The secondary sources which have been reviewed are: books,

Warburg Pagan Antiquity

ZHMUD Leonid - The Origin of Science in Classical Antiquity

M.A (Part I, II) - Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, …kanpuruniversity.org/SYLLABUS/ma_oct2815.pdfT _ A. G. - Hindu only). J. N. The Development Of Hindu A. K. Origin of the

Medicine in antiquity

Santorini Antiquity 2003

The Origin of the Hindu-Sikh Tension in the Punjab - Dr. Ganda Singh

Origin of Universe - A Hindu Perspective

A Hindu Mythological Story Explaining the Origin of …priyankapavithran.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/3/7/18373485/...According to Hindu culture most part of the coconut tree is used for

The Ever-Present Origin. Part One I CHAPTER II - Jean Gebser european worlds.pdf · © . 3. The Ever-Present Origin. Part One . I CHAPTER II. world of late antiquity shows distinct

Looking for a Hindu Identity - Stop Funding Hate · Looking for a Hindu Identity Dwijendra Narayan Jha ... that the term stood for India as we know it today. ... Antiquity,theCunningofModernity”,inGavinFlood,ed.,The

Legal aspects of dealing with Hindu Undivided Families by banks · 2018-06-16 · The concept of Hindu Undivided Family owns its origin to the ancient Hindu laws on family and succession

ORIGIN OF TEMPLE AND ICON CONCEPT IN INDIAshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/35652/11/11...59 Chapter-- IV ORIGIN OF TEMPLE AND ICON CONCEPT IN INDIA According to Hindu mythology,

Late antiquity upload

The origin of vatican & it's hindu origin

Classical antiquity

Antiquity of Humanity Early Human Origins. Theories of Human Origins Cosmologies Religious explanations for our origins, ie. Genesis Mayan Origin Myths

Antiquity of Humanity

Globalized Antiquity

Atheism in Antiquity

The Biography of the Prophet · ... the origin of so much that is typical of medieval piety ... a Hindu historian, C. V. Vaidya, writes in his History of Mediaeval Hindu India

Nehru Yuva Sandeshrevered as Gandharvas in the Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharat, suggesting a dance tradition has existed in Manipur since antiquity. With evidence of Vishnu temples

The Philosophy of Antiquity. Plan: 1. The Conditions of Origin, Peculiarities and Stages of Development of Ancient Philosophy. 2. The Development of Ideas

Hindu & Hindutva : Name & Nationalism Swami …worldhindunews.com/wp...of-Hindu-Name-Hindutva...Swami-Vigyananand.pdfSwami Vigyananand. THE PART – 1 HINDU : THE NAME. Contents: Origin

Idealisation And Antiquity

OM Ganeshaya NamaH - Hindu Panchangam, Hindu Panchang, Hindu

Welcome to Antiquity Journal | Antiquity Journal

Antiquity Activation

Geologic Evidence for the Antiquity of Lifedspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/46321/12-007...Geologic Evidence for the Antiquity of Life Readings on the Antiquity and Origin of

Delvaux and Antiquity

Biblical Antiquity