From,

Dr. Anita kumari1st MD Dept of Rasashastra,A.V.S., P.G.C.R.C., Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, BIJAPUR.

To,Registrar,Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences,Bangalore.

Through,The Principal & H.O.DRasashastra,B.L.D.E.A’s A.V.S., P.G.C.R.C., AyurvedaMahavidyalaya, BIJAPUR.

  Respected Sir,

Sub: Submission of completed pro forma for registration of subject for             dissertation.

I humbly request you to kindly register the below subject against my name for

submission of dissertation to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore

for the partial fulfillment of M.D. (Ayu).

Title of Dissertation:-

“EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SHODITHA,

MARITA & SATWAPATHITA SHILAJATU”

Here I am enclosing completed Performa for registration of subject for dissertation.

Thanking You, Yours faithfully,

Date:

Place: Bijapur       (Dr. Anita Kumari)

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka

Bangalore

ANNEXURE II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1) Name of the Candidate and : Dr. ANITA KUMARI

Address (In Block Letters) Ladies Hostel

B.LD.E.A’s A.V.S

AYURVEDA MAHAVIDYALAYA,

BAGALKOT ROAD BIJAPUR

3) Name of Institution : B.L.D.E.A’s A.V.S. POST

GRADUATE CUM

RESEARCH CENTRE

AYURVEDA

MAHAVIDYALAYA,

BAGALKOT ROAD BIJAPUR

4) Course of study & subject : MD (Ayu) RASASHASTRA

5) Date of Admission to the course : 28/ 10/2011

6) Title of the topic : “EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL

ACTIVITY OF SHODITHA,

MARITA & SATWAPATHITA

SHILAJATU”

6.1Brief resume of the intended work:Need for the study:

Over a period of time since the word chemotherapy was coined by paul

Ehrlich in 1890 a number of anti microbial agents were discovered which were

effective in various infectious diseases. Amongst most infections, bacteria and fungi

are most notorious in attacking humans1.

Unfortunately, even with the advent of numerous anti microbial agent, still

most of physicians are unable to treat these infections appropriately. A physician may

face many hindrance while treating such infections like (a) development of resistance,

(b) adverse effect and (c) patient affordability2. In india, the scenario is further

complicated by the emergence of HIV infection in the last 3 decades. By suppressing

the host immunity, the virus allows these micro organisms to flare up and results in

emergence of multi drug resistance organism.

With the above discussion, it is clear that the need for finding safe, cost

effective drug is always welcome, which may be an ideal replacement in certain

bacterial and fungal infections.

However the anti bacterial and anti fungal drugs are the most important

discovery in the history of medicine that have brought the revolution in 1940s. but in

1950s and 1960s the man saw the emergency of plasmid mediated multi drug

resistance and serious side effects of their miraculous drugs. Thus growing resistance,

serious side effects cost of antibacterial and anti fungal drugs have forced the man to

find out new economically viable and safer drugs to fulfill the need of sick man.

Rasaushadi’s may be the solution to this problem

In ancient texts number of krimigna and kusthgna dravya are explained. The

word “krimi” is compared to various types of micro organism in contemporary

science, which include bacteria and fungi etc. In ayurveda many herbal, mineral and

herbo-mineral drugs are mentioned that are having anti-microbial properties. Shilajatu

being one of the Rasadravya explained in texts possessing krimigna & kustagna

properties3.

To Assure the Quality and safety of shilajatu and to assess its anti microbial

properties, a project on “EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF

SHODITHA, MARITA & SATWAPATHITA SHILAJATU” underntaken for the study.

6.2) Review of literature:

Shilagatu is one of the maharasa explained in charaka samhita4, susurut

samhita 5 and astanga hrudaya6.. Use of shilajatu is explained in almost all

rasagranthas. Its shodhan, Marana, satwapatan and its properties & Therapeutic

indication like krimigna and kushtgan are explained in rasa ratnasammuchaya3

Chapter no 2 page no 51-52 & shloka no 110-116.

Previous study:

Some of the scholars have conducted studies on shilajatu and antimicrobial

activity-

1. Evaluation of the anti fungal activity of amruta guggulu in comparison with

panch nimba choorna7.

2. Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of goksuradi guggulu and its

effect on UTI8.

3. Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of shuddha gandhak9.

4 Physiochemical analysis and antifungal activity of suddha haratal and haratal

bhasma 10.

5 Screening of antibacterial and antifungal activity of gandhak rasayan11.

6 Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of shudha manashila

Prepared with three different swarasa bhavana12.

7 Screening of free radical scavenging activity and immumo modulatory effect

of shilajatu13.

8 Physiochemical analysis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal

activity of sasayka bhasma14.

9 Physiochemical analysis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity

of arogyavardhini vati15.

10 Screening of antibacterial and anti fungal activity of nagabhasma16.

11 Physiochemical analysis of sudha parpati and its antimicrobial study17.

12 Physiochemical analysis and its antimicrobial activity o rasaka bhasma18.

13 Physiochemical evaluation and antimicrobial activity of rasapushpa prepared

by 2 different methods19.

14 Pharmaceutical analytic study of mahajwarankush rasa and its antimicrobial

activity w.s.r to salmonella species20.

15 Pharmaceutical analysis of shodhita manashila prepared with 2 different

method and there comparative study of antimicrobial activity21.

16 Pharmaceutical analytic study of Shodhita malla prepared with 2 different

methods and its antimicrobial activity22

17 Physiochemical analysis and anti microbial activity of godanthi bhasma23.

18 physiochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of mudga rasa24.

19 A pharmaceutical study of bhutnga chakrika and its antimicrobial activity

when it is administered in the form of rasa karpoora drava25.

20 Evaluation of krimihara property of abraka bhasma prepared with kumara

swarasa26.

After going through above mentioned research activities, it reveals that not

much studies has been conducted on antimicrobial activity of shilajatu(shodhita,

marita & satwapatita). Which has given an apportunity to undertake the

“EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SHODITHA, MARITA &

SATWAPATHITA SHILAJATU” to provide a scientific evidence and statistical

validation to establish the truth for classical references.

6.3) Objectives of studies:

- To evaluate antimicrobial activity of shilajatu (shodhita, marita &

satwapatita).

- To provide evidence base for safe, economic and antimicrobial medicine.

7) Materials and methods:

7.1) Source of data:

Material:

A. Materials required for the drug sample-

1. Test drug:

a. shodhita shilajatu

b. marita shilajatu

c. satwapatita shilajatu

a. material for shodhan of shilajatu

required material will be taken acc to rasa ratna samuchaya 2/110-112

b. material for marana of shilajatu

required marerial will be taken acc to rasa ratna samuchaya 2/113-114

c. material for satwapatna of shilajatu

required material will be taken acc to rasa ratna samuchaya 2/115-116

Required materials will be collected from BLDEA’s AVS AMV Practical

Pharmacy.

2. Standard drug:

a. Fluconazole

b. benzathine penicillin

B. Micro-organisms:27

Bacterial micro organisms Fungal micro organisms

Mycobacterium leprae Candida albicans

Treponema pallidum Cryptococcus neoformans

Neisseria gonorrhea Aspergullus niger

Staphylococcus aures Trichophyton rubrum

Escherschia coli

Pseudomonas aerugenosa

Will be collected from the dept of microbiology, B.L.D.E.A.’s Shri B. M.

Patil medical and Al-Ameen Collage, Bijapur.

C.Materials for anti bacterial and antifungal activity 28

Equipments/glassware/chemicals

Petri dish Nutrient agar

Hot air oven Stirrer

Water bath Funnel

Nutrient bath Autoclave

Beakers Test tubes

Conical flask Incubator hood

The required equipments glass ware and chemicals will be collected from

B.L.D.E.A’s A.V.S. P.G.C.R.C Laboratory.

A. Methods:

a. method for shodhan of shilajatu acc to rasa ratna samuchaya 2/110-112

b. method for marana of shilajatu acc to rasa ratna samuchaya 2/113-114

c. method for satwapatan of shilajatu acc to rasa ratna samuchaya 2/115-116

B. Method of antibacterial and antifungal activity :

antibacterial and antifungal activity of shodita, Marita & Satwapatita

Shilajatu is done by Cup plate method (disc diffusion method)28

C. Method of preparation of test solution14:

i) Preparation of growth media

ii) Preparation of agar media

iii) Preparation of inoculation

iv ) Preparation of agar plates

7.2) Methods of collection of data:

Various dilution of the drug will be incorporated in the highest dilution that is

minimum concentration of the drug that inhibits the growth of micro-organisms will

be taken an MIC and from interpretation of results in cup-plate method study

following zones will be measured

- Sensitive (S) zones

- Intermediater ( I ) zones

- Resistant (R) zones

Zones of inhibition will be measured after 72hrs using mm scale.

Statistical analysis:

- will be done by using diagrammatic presentation

7.3) Dose the study requires any examination and investigation to be conducted

on patients or animals?

- No

7.4) Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?

- No

8. List of References:

1. K.D.Tripati 46th Chapter, antimicrobial drugs essential

of medical pharmacology, Jaypee Brothers

medical publishers

3 rd edtn_ 1995 : 64

2. Satoskara Kale &

Bandakar

Pharmacology and pharmaco therapeutic

popular prakashan Mumbai 17

edition page no. 621,842

3. Kaviraj Shree Ambikadatta

Shastri

Rasaratna Samucchaya,Chapter-II

Shloka.no.110-116;page.no.51-52;

By- varanasi, Chaukamba publisher.

4. Pandit Kashinath Shastri &

Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi

Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Stana,

Rasayanadhyaya, sloka no 60-65 , page no

48-49. By- varanasi, Chaukamba publisher.

5. Kaviraj Dr.Ambikadatta Shastri Sushruta Samhita; Chikitsa Stana;

Purvardha; Chapter-13; Shloka no.4-16;

page no.65-66.

By- varanasi, Chaukamba publisher.

6. Kanjiv Lochan Astanga Hrudaya; Chikitsa Stana; chapter-

11; mutraghat chikitsa; shloka no 34; page

no 188. By- varanasi, Chaukamba

publisher.

7. Dr. R.S.Sarashetti &

Dr Aparaj.P.B.

Evaluation of the anti fungal activity of

Amrith Guggulu in comparison with

Panchanimba Churna. A V S P G C R C,

ayurveda mahavidyalaya, bijapur, RGUHS

2000

8. Dr. R.S.Sarashetti &

Dr. S.H.Patil

Chemical analysis and antimicrobial

activity of Gokshuradi Guggulu and its

effect on UTI. A V S P G C R C, ayurveda

mahavidyalaya, bijapur, RGUHS 2000.

9. Dr. R.S.Sarashetti &

Dr. Dalal

Evaluation of antibacterial and anti fungal

activity of shuddha gandhaka. A V S P G C

R C, ayurveda mahavidyalaya, bijapur,

RGUHS 2004.

10. Dr. R.S.Sarshetti &

Dr. Jagadesh Konareddi

Physico-Chemical analysis of Shudha

hartala & Haratala bhasma &its anti-fungal

activity. A V S P G C R C, ayurveda

mahavidyalaya, bijapur, RGUHS 2004

11. Dr.R.S.Sarshetti &

Dr. Reshma Saeker

Screening of antibacterial & antifungal

activity of Gandhaka rasayana. A V S P G

C R C, ayurveda mahavidyalaya, bijapur,

RGUHS 2005

12. Dr. R.S.Sarashetti &

Dr. Sarvanan

Evulution of antimicrobial activity &

antifungal of Shudha manashila prepared

with 3 different swarasa. RGUHS 2007 , A

V S’s Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya Bijapur

13. Dr. R.S.Sarashetti &

Dr. Sachin V Hirekar

Screening of free radical scavenging

activity & immuno-modulatory effect of

Shilajatu. RGUHS 2007 , A V S’s

Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya Bijapur.

14. Dr. R.S.Sarashetti &

Dr. Rajashekar M N

Physic-chemical analysis and evaluation of

antibacterial and antifungal activity of

sasyaka bhasma, A V S P G C R C,

ayurveda mahavidyalaya, bijapur, RGUHS

2008

15. Dr. R.S.Sarashetti &

Dr. Irfana Ahemad

Physic-chemical analysis and evaluation of

antibacterial and antifungal activity of

Arogyavardhini Vati, A V S P G C R C,

ayurveda mahavidyalaya, bijapur, RGUHS

2008

16. Dr. R.S.Sarashetti &

Dr. L. K. Pattar

Screening of anti bacterial & anti fungal

activity of Naga Bhasma. A V S P G C R

C, ayurveda mahavidyalaya, bijapur,

RGUHS 2008

17. Dr.Vaishali.H.P Preparation physico-chemical analysis of

Sudha parpati & its anti microbial study.

RGUHS 2005 Shri B.M.K.Ayurveda

college Belgaum.

18. Dr.Shubha H.S Preparation Physico-chemical analysis &

its antimicrobial activity of

Rasaka bhasma. RGUHS 2006, Shri

B.M.K.Ayurveda college Belgaum

19. Dr.Linganashetti, Dr.Madhumita

& Dr.Sidramappa

Comparetive Physico-Chemical

evaluvation & antimicrobial activity & of

Rasapushpa prepared by 2 different

methods.RGUHS 2006

Shri B.M.K.Ayurveda college Belgaum

20. Dr.Bharmanad . Kurne Pharmaceutico-analytical study of

Mahajwarankush rasa & its antimicrobial

activity w.s.r. to Salmonella species

RGUHS 2007 , P.T Govt Ayurveda college

Bellary

21. Dr. Manjunath Yadava Pharmaceutical analysis of Shodhita

manashila prepared with 2 different

methods & there comparative study of

antimicrobial study RGUHS 2007

P.T Govt Ayurveda college Bellary

22. Dr. Shrikant . Patil Pharmaceutico analytical study of shodhita

malla prepared by 2 different methods &

there comparative study of antimicrobial

activity. RGUHS 2007

P .T Govt Ayurveda College Bellary

23. Dr.Savita Bhosle Preparation physico-chemical analysis &

antimicrobial study of Godanti bhasma.

RGUHS 2007 ,Shri B.M.K Ayurveda

College Belgaum

24. Dr.Surekha . Patil Preparation Physico-Chemical analysis &

Anti microbial activity of Mudga rasa

RGUHS 2007

Shri B.M.K Ayurveda College Belgaum

25. Dr.Shrudha V . Shetty A pharmaceutico chemical study of

Bhutagna Chakrika & its antimicrobial

activity when its administered in the form

of Rasakarpoora drava. RGUHS 2008

Munial Ayurveda College Manipal

26. Dr.Jayakan Evaluation of Krimihara properity (anti

helmenthic) of Abraka bhasma prepared

with kumari swarasa an expiremental

study , RGUHS 2008

DGM Ayurveda College Gadag

27. Robbins Basic Pathology Prism Books

Bangalore , 5th edition-1992, page-43.

28. S.J.Carter Chapter no. 30 , Evaluation techniques in

microbiology Cooper & Gunn’s Tutorial

Pharmacy

Publication : CBS Publishers &

Distributors Delhi , 6th Edtn_ 1986 : 349

9. Signature of the candidate :

10. Remarks of the guide :

11. Name and Designation of

11.1 Guide : Dr.R.S.Sarashetti M.D., Ph.D, F.I.C.A Professor / H.O.D B.L.D.E.A’s A.V.S.P.G.C.R.C., Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, BIJAPUR.

11.2 Signature :

11.3 Co-Guide : Mr. C. C. Shimpi M Pharma B.L.D.E.A’s college of Pharmacy Bijapur.

11.4 Signature :

11.5 Head of Department : Dr.R.S.Sarashetti M.D., Ph.D, F.I.C.A Professor / H.O.D B.L.D.E.A;s A.V.S.P.G.C.R.C., Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, BIJAPUR.

11.6 Signature :

12.1 Remarks of the Chairman& Principal :

12.2 Signature :