anthropology intro
TRANSCRIPT
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What Is Anthropology?
Anthropology:The Exploration of Human Diversity
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2 OverviewOverview
How we originated How we have changed
How we are changing still
Anthropology confronts basic questions
of human existence and survival
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3 OverviewOverview
nterested in the whole of the human
conditions !ast" present" and future
#iology
$ociety
%anguage
&ulture
Anthropology is holistic
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' OverviewOverview
Cultural anthropology(study of human
society and culture) describes" analy*es"interprets" and explains social and cultural
similarities and differences
+our subfields
Archaeology(reconstructs behaviorby studying material remains
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, OverviewOverview
Linguistic anthropology(descriptive"
comparative" and historical study of
language and of linguistic similarities and
differences in time" space" and society)considers how speech varies with social
factors and over time
Biological anthropology(study human
fossils" genetics" and bodily growth and
nonhuman primates
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- Human AdaptabilityHuman Adaptability
Anthropologystudy of human
species and its immediate ancestors
&onstantly compares customs of onesociety with others
Humans among the world.s most
adaptable animals
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/ Human AdaptabilityHuman Adaptability
Society(organi*ed life in groups
Culture(traditions and customs thatgovern behavior and beliefs
0istinctly human feature
ransmitted through learning
ot biological" but ability to use culture
rests in hominid biology
Anthropology
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General AnthropologyGeneral Anthropology
&ultural anthropologyArchaeological anthropology
#iological or physical anthropology
%inguistic anthropology
Academic discipline of anthropology
includes4
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5 General AnthropologyGeneral Anthropology
0eveloped in 67$7
8arly American anthropologists studying native peoples of
orth America became interested in exploring origins and
diversity of the groups
$ubdisciplines influence each other
+our9field approach4
$ubdisciplines share similar goal of
exploring variation in time and space toimprove understanding of basics of human
biology" society" and culture
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1: General AnthropologyGeneral Anthropology
$ound conclusions about ;human
nature< cannot be derived from studying
a single nation" society" or culturaltradition
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11 General AnthropologyGeneral Anthropology
&ulture =ey environmental force in
determining how human bodies grow anddevelop
Biocultural(inclusion and combination >to
solve a common problem? of biological and
cultural perspectives and approaches
&ultural +orces $hape Human #iology
his is one of anthropology.s hallmar=s
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12 General AnthropologyGeneral Anthropology
#ra*ilian women avoid competitive
swimming because of that sport.s effects
on the body
&ultural standards of attractiveness and
propriety influence participation and
achievement in sports
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13 The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology
!thnography(+ieldwor= in a particular
culture) provides account of that
community" society" or culture
&ultures not isolated from local" regional" national" and
global systems of politics" economics" and information
that expose villagers to external influences
Cultural Anthropology(describes"
analy*es" interprets" and explains social
and cultural similarities and differences
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1' The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology !thnology(cross cultural comparison) thecomparative study of ethnographic data" of
society and of culture
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1, The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology 8thnography and 8thnology(wo0imensions of &ultural Anthropology
nsert able 172
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1- The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology
Artifacts >e7g7" potsherds" @ewelry" and
tools?
arbage
#urials
Bemains of structures
Archaeological Anthropology(study
of human behavior and cultural patterns
and process through the culture.smaterial remains
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1/ The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology
Archaeologists use paleoecological studies
to establish ecological and subsistenceparameters within which given groups lived
Archaeological Anthropology
Archaeological record provides unique opportunity to
loo= at changes in social complexity over thousands
and tens of thousands of years
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1 The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology
Historical archaeology combinesarchaeological data and textual data to
reconstruct historically =nown groups
Cilliam [email protected] ;garbology< pro@ect in ucson"
Ari*ona
Archaeologists also study the cultures
of historical and living people
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15 The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology Biological Anthropology(study ofhuman biological variation in time and
space
ncludes evolution" genetics" growth and development"
and primatology
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2: The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology
"rimatology
human evolution as
revealed by the fossil
record
#ody.s ability to change as
it copes with stresses such
as heat" cold" and altitude
study of biology" evolution"
behavior" and social life of
primates
$pecial interests
within biological
anthropology4
"aleoanthropology
Human genetics
Human growth and
development
Human biological
plasticity
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21 The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology #iological anthropology draws onbiology" *oology" geology" anatomy"
physiology" medicine" public health"osteology" and archaeology
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22 The Subdisciplines oThe Subdisciplines o
AnthropologyAnthropology Linguistic Anthropology(study oflanguage in its social and culturalcontext across space and time
Historical linguists(reconstruct ancient languages
and study linguistic variation through time
Sociolinguistics(investigates relationships betweensocial and linguistic variation to discover varied
perceptions and patterns of thought in different cultures
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23 Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology
Applied Anthropology(application of
anthropological data" perspectives"
theory" and methods to identify" assess"and solve contemporary social
problems
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2' Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology
Theoretical#academic anthropology(includes cultural" archaeological" biological"
and linguistic anthropology
0irected at collecting data to testhypotheses and models created to
advance anthropology
American Anthropological Association
>AAA? recogni*es two dimensions
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2, Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology
$tandard subdivisions include4
Dedical anthropology 8nvironmental anthropology
+orensic anthropology
0evelopment
"racticing or applied anthropology(
application of anthropological data"
perspectives" theory" and techniques to
identify" assess" and solve contemporarysocial problems
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2- Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology
Corld #an=
6nited $tates Agency for nternational
0evelopment >6$A0?
Corld Health Ergani*ation >CHE?
6nited ations
Applied anthropologists generally
employed by international development
agencies
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2/ Applied AnthropologyApplied Anthropology
Cor= with local communities to identify
specific social conditions that influence the
failure or success of a development pro@ect
Applied Anthropologists4
0evelopment pro@ects often fail when
planners ignore cultural dimensions of
development
Assess social and cultural dimensions of
economic development
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2 Anthropology and OtherAnthropology and Other
Academic $ieldsAcademic $ields
Anthropology is a science $ystematic field of study or body of
=nowledge that aims" through experiment"
observation" and deduction" to produce
reliable explanations of phenomena" withreference to the material and physical
world
Anthropology lin=s to interdisciplinary
collaboration
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25 Anthropology and OtherAnthropology and Other
Academic $ieldsAcademic $ields
8ncompasses study of and cross9cultural
comparison of languages" texts"philosophies" arts" music" performances"
and other forms of creative expression
Anthropology also a humanity
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3: Anthropology and OtherAnthropology and Other
Academic $ieldsAcademic $ields
$ociologist traditionally used quantitative
research" while cultural anthropologicalused qualitative methodologies
Anthropology and sociology converging
&ultural Anthropology and $ociology
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31 Anthropology and OtherAnthropology and Other
Academic $ieldsAcademic $ields
$tatements about ;human< psychology
cannot be based solely on observations
made in one society or in a single type of
society
&ultural anthropology >psychological
anthropology? studies cross9culturalvariation in psychological traits
Anthropology and !sychology
Anthropology helps us understand ourselves
through its cross9cultural perspective