anth1 wk1 pt1

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Intro to Cultural Anthropology: What is Anthropology? udents relaxing after fieldwork in Moquegua, Peru oto courtesy Paul S. Goldstein

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Intro to Cultural Anth part 1

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Anth1 Wk1 Pt1

Intro to Cultural Anthropology: What is Anthropology?

Students relaxing after fieldwork in Moquegua, PeruPhoto courtesy Paul S. Goldstein

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Objectives

Understand that anthropology is holistic and comparative study of humanity

Identify, distinguish, & describe the 4 subfields of anthropology

Distinguish ethnology from ethnographyUnderstand that anthropology is both a

science & an art

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Lecture Outline

Overview Human Diversity General Anthropology The Subdisciplines of Anthropology Anthropology and Other Academic Fields Scientific Methods

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Overview

How we originated.How we have changed.How we are changing still.

• Anthropology addresses basic questions of human existence and survival.

Cave art from Bhimbekta, India circa 2,500b.p.

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Anthropology is holistic

Past, present, future Biology Society Language Culture

Interested in the whole of the human conditions

Indus Valley (Pakistan) - clay seal with writing still undeciphered

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General Anthropology

Cultural Anthropology (or, “Sociocultural Anth”) Archaeological Biological Linguistic

• Academic discipline of anthropology includes:

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Four subfields

Cultural anthropology – examines human diversity of the present and recent past.

Archaeology – reconstructs behavior by studying material remains

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Linguistic anthropology – considers how speech varies with social factors and over time

Four subfields

Biological anthropology – study of human fossils, genetics, and bodily growth and nonhuman primates

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Adaptation

Adaptation – process by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses

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Foraging sole basis of human subsistence for millions of years

Rate of change accelerated during past 10k years

Adaptation, Variation, and Change

Willow storage basket Photo by Eva Salazar, Kumeyaay(Mission Indian) of San Diego

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Adaptation, Variation, and Change• First civilizations

arose ~6000 B.P. (Before the Present)

• Recently industrial conditions spreading to all cultures

• Today’s global economy links all people into a world system Eva Salazar helped revive Kumeyaay

Arts and Crafts

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Recap 1.1 Forms of Cultural and Biological Adaptation (to High Altitude)

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Cultural Adaptation

Highland Peruvians Chewed coca

Made raised fields to avoid killing frosts on crops

Freeze-dried potatoes

Created inter-altitude trade relations w/ lowlandersPeruvian miner, early 1900s

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History of Anthropology: The Four-field Approach• Developed in U.S. • Early anthropologists

combined studies of customs, social life, language, and physical traits

Drawing from Tierra del Fuego, during C. Darwin’sVoyage of the Beagle, 19th c.

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Cultural Anthropology

Ethnography – Fieldwork in a particular culture; provides account of that community, society, or culture

Ethnology – cross cultural comparison; the comparative study of ethnographic data, of society and of culture

• Describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences

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Table 1.2 Ethnography and Ethnology – Two Dimensions of Cultural Anthropology