antarctic ozone “hole” review 2012
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Antarctic Ozone “Hole” Review 2012. Craig S. Long 1 Larry Flynn 2 , Bryan Johnson 3 NOAA 1-NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center 2-NESDIS/STAR/Satellite Meteorology & Climatology Division 3-OAR/ESRL/Global Monitoring Division. Outline. Quick ozone review Ozone generation cycle - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PowerPoint Presentation
Antarctic Ozone Hole Review2012Craig S. Long1Larry Flynn2, Bryan Johnson3
NOAA1-NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center2-NESDIS/STAR/Satellite Meteorology & Climatology Division3-OAR/ESRL/Global Monitoring DivisionQuick ozone reviewOzone generation cycleOzone depletion cyclesOzone recovery expectationsNOAA-centric perspective2012 ozone hole in context of 32 previous yearsVarious ways to monitor and measure ozone holeMeteorological conditions accountable for 2012 ozone size and longevityOutlineOzone Life Cycle
Ozone Destruction CycleFrom 2010 Ozone Assessment
Reservoir moleculesDeNitrificationActivationWhy Ozone Holes form over Antarctica and Not the Arctic
From 2010 Ozone AssessmentOzone Recovery Protocols
From 2010 Ozone Assessment
Ozone Recovery ExpectationsFrom 2010 Ozone Assessment
From 2010 Ozone AssessmentOzone Recovery Expectations2012 Antarctic Ozone HoleOzone Hole definition:Area in which total column ozone is less than 220 DU
Satellite PerspectiveSouth Pole Perspective
Suomi-NPP OMPS Total Ozone
Ozone Hole Time Series
Ozone Hole Annual Maximum SizeUsing SBUV/2 v8 analyses
Ozone Hole Annual Mean Size Late Sept
Ozone Hole Monthly Mean
Monthly Mean Ozone Analysis
South Pole Ozonesonde Measurements
Comparison of 2012 with 2006 which had near complete ozone depletion
South Pole Ozonesonde Measurements
South Pole Ozonesonde Measurements
South Pole Ozonesonde Measurements
South Pole Spectrophotometer MeasurementsLate OctoberBy late October the break down of the polar vortex lead to the early end of the 2012 ozone hole resulting in anomalously high total ozone values.Meteorological ConditionsPSC AreaDefines the potential size of ozone depleted airVortex AreaSeparates cold/ozone depleted polar air from ozone rich warmer mid-latitude airDefines longevity of ozone holeWhat modulates these:Wave activity and heat flux from mid-latitudes
Area of PSC Temps and Polar Vortex
Vortex, Temperature, Ozone Relationship
Note how the high ozone values coincide with the warm temperatures surrounding the polar vortex.Note how the polar vortex separates the ozone rich middle latitudes from the depleted ozone values inside.SH Polar Temperatues
50hPa SH high latitude temperatures were warm than last year and near the long term average during the SH winter/spring months. The temps raise rapidly in October due to the early vortex breakdown.
2hPa SH high latitude temperatures were consistently warm during the SH winter/spring months.
20062012Volume of Cold Air
Compared to a year (2006) with a large ozone hole, the PSC area at various levels in 2012 were much smaller.
Comparison of 2012 PSC Area with Previous Years
Zonal Mean Temperature AnomalyComputing the mean 100-30 hPa PSC area from mid August through mid-September shows a smaller value than seen in the 200s. But not different from other years. The lower plot shows a strong anti-correlation of the 65-90S 50 hPa mean temperatures with the PSC area.
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SH Poleward Heat FluxHeat flux activity showed several pulses in 2012 which raised temperatures and decreased the size of the PSC area/volume. The strong pulse in mid October lead to the vortex break-down and filling in of the ozone hole.
Heat Flux [vT] (deg m sec-1)50 hPa TemperatureJul/Aug 100mb Heat Flux vs Aug/Sep 50mb Temps2012
Heat Flux [vT] (deg m sec-1)50 hPa TemperatureComparison of Heat Flux/Temp Relationship between MERRA and CFSR
Wave 1 and 2 activity transports heat towards polar region.
Increases the temperature in the polar vortex. Shrinks the area of PSCs.Heat Flux Impacts on Polar Temperatures
Descending easterliesRole of QBO
Low Tropical OzoneHigh Polar OzoneBD Circulation Speeds UpHigh Polar OzoneDescending Easterlies
Descending cold anom
Low Ozone in Tropics, High in Extra-tropics and South Polar Region
SP August Ozone Levels are well above meanSummarySH Polar temperatures were warmHeat Flux activity was greatPSC area was smallOzone Hole size is extremely smallWave activity and temperatures dont necessarily explain why the ozone hole size was so small.South Pole ozonesondes imply ozone levels were well above normal.Perhaps ozone depletion was equivalent to other years yet due to higher starting point the area below 240 DU threshold was smaller than those same years.Strong wave activity in Oct resulted in early end of ozone hole