antarctic ice cores : from byrd to vostok
DESCRIPTION
? GRIP and GISP 2 diverge below about 2720 mTRANSCRIPT
- Past climate changes : general presentation and tools
- Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok
- Greenland ice cores : from Camp Century to GRIP/GISP2
- Ongoing projects : North GRIP, EPICA and others
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GISP 2
GRIP
GRIP and GISP 2 diverge below about 2720 m
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High resolution Climate Record of the NorthernHemisphere back into the last Interglacial Period. North Greenland Ice-Core Project (NorthGRIP) Members
To appear in Nature, September 9
NorthGRIP Project
DenmarkBelgiumIcelandFranceGermanyJapanSwedenSwitzerlandUSA
North GRIP Project : undisturbed Eemian (gas measurements)
North GRIP / GRIP difference appears modulated by the size of the ice sheet
Comparison of NorthGRIP with a North atlantic record
10 10 NATIONS: Belgium, Denmark, NATIONS: Belgium, Denmark, France, France, Germany, Italy, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Sweden, Switzerland, United KingdomKingdom
Two SITES : Dome C et DML.Two SITES : Dome C et DML.
5 CONSORTIA : : Gas, Chemistry, Isotope, Physical properties, Dust.
KOHNEN
DOME C
D.D.U.
G. Von Neumayer
B.T.N.
EDC96EDC991996/1997 : casing 130m
1997/1998 : 364m
1998/1999 : 781m
1999/2000 : casing
2000/2001 : 1459m
2001/2002 : 2864m
2002/2003 : 3201m
What is the geographical significance of the
Vostok temperature record ?
Can we extend it further back in time ?
Comparison of five cores from the East Antarctic Plateau
EPICA Dome C provides more detailed information
1000Profondeur 2000 3000EPICA Dome C
Note the change of pacing below 2800 m corresponding to MIS 12 (around 450 kyr BP)
Dating obtained by an inverse method aimining to an optimal use of the chronologicalinformation available (developed by F.Parennin)
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Oceanic record (Bassinot et al., 1994) Oceanic record Specmap
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5.5 9.3
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11.3
Change of pacing is also seen in the oceanic record (at least to a certain extent)Correspondence between MIS 16.2 and the low deuterium value
Comparison with the Devils Hole calcite record
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Change of atmospheric composition during termination 5
The period around the transition towards 11.3 resembles the last transition
The first part of 11.3 is Holocene like (as far as the deuterium record is concerned)
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Stage 12 to 11. Last transition
EPICA Dome C / transitions (over 50ky)
What is the geographical significance of the
Vostok temperature recordat the glacial-interglacial timescale ?
We can extend Vostok further back in time
Deep (more than 2 km long) ice cores in Antarctica
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Vostok
Dome Fuji
D 18O
Depth (m)
Comparison of Dome Fand Vostok profilesWatanabe et al., Nature
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Vostok D
Dome Fuji 18O
18O in ‰/SMOW (Dome Fuji)
D in ‰/SMOW (Vostok)
Age in kyr BP
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Vostok D
Dome Fuji 18O
18O in ‰/SMOW (Dome Fuji)
D in ‰/SMOW (Vostok)
Age in kyr BP
Comparaison of Vostok and Dome Fuji isotopic profiles
Watanabe, Jouzel, Johnsen, Parrenin, Shoji, Yoshida
(Nature, 2003)
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Dome Fuji Vostok
Age in kyr BP
Inversion temperatureSurface temperature
Comparison of the Dome F and Vostok temperature profiles
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Dome F (Watanabe et al., 2003)
Vostok (Petit et al., 1999)
Dome C(EPICA community members, sub)
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Comparison of the Dome F, Vostok and EPICA Dome C(800 kyr)
K.Pahnke, R.Zahn, H.Elderfield, M.Schulz , Science, August, 2003
340,000-year Centennial-Scale Marine Record of Southern Hemisphere Climatic Oscillation (45°S, East of New Zealand)
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EPICA Dome C
GRIP
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EPICA Dome C and GRIP Millenial Variability
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EPICA DC
GRIPSS09
Dome F
Vostok
Age (ka)
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Comparison of Vostok, Dome F, EPICA Dome C and GRIP over the last 80 ka
Blunier and Brook, Science 2001
Raisbeck et al., Goldschmidt Conference, 2002
The 10Be peak straddles event 10, exactly as seen in the GRIP core. This implies that, within our ability to resolve, which we presently estimate as 200 years, the GRIP and EPICA climaterecords at this time are synchronous.
Small events / Large events ? Interesting modelling approach ofJohnsen and Stocker, Paleoceanography, 2003
Stocker and Johnsen ; Paléocéanography, 2003
East Antarctica : Deep ice core Characteristics
H(m) A(g/cm2) Z (m age (ky)
Vostok 3750 2 3310 420
Dome F 3090 2.7 2503 330
EPICA DC 3320 2.7 3190 800
EPICA DML 2760 6.4 2565 200
Dome B 3.5 780 30
Dome A
The future of ice core researchInternational Participation in Ice Core Sciences (IPICS) Workshop
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Dome A
Dome A
Dome F
Dome F
A project to recover the longest possible ice core paleoclimate record
Jean Jouzel and Frédéric Parennin
International Partnership for Ice Core Science
Some criteria- High ice thickness and low Accumulation : - A/H as low as possible : East Antarctica ….- Low horizontal speed (dome)- Some melting at the base ? Relatively flat bedrock- Well documented and accessible area- Need for more data and dedicated modeling
Importance of drilling in coastal areasGreenland : getting back to the previous glacialTropical and mid - latitude glaciers
There is some possibility to get a more than 1 Myr undisturbed paleorecord
but identiying a site will need to better document accumulation and other propertiesas well as improved 3D ice flow modeling
This was a pleasure for me to give these ISCS lectures
Thanks for your attention