ant food preferences: the key to solving difficult problems philip g. koehler margie and dempsey...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ant Food Preferences: The Key to Solving Difficult
Problems
Philip G. Koehler
Margie and Dempsey Sapp Endowed Professor of Urban Entomology
University of Florida
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Ants vs Cockroaches
• Ants– Queen– Males– Workers– Larvae
• Cockroaches– Females– Males– Nymphs
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This is a Queen!!!
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And This is a Winged Queen.
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Thousands of Queens!!
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Concepts of Baiting• Placement so that ants find them
• Particles small enough for small ants
• Foods that ants prefer
• Slow acting poisons to allow trophallaxis (regurgitation and feeding others)
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F orag erS te rile fem a les
F orag erS te rile fem a les
F orag erS te rile fem a les
F orag erS te rile fem a les
Q u een Ten d erY ou n g W orker
F orag erS te rile fem a les
F orag erS te rile fem a les
F orag erS te rile fem a les
F orag erS te rile fem a les
Q u een Ten d erY ou n g W orker
F orag erS te rile fem a les
F orag erS te rile fem a les
F orag erS te rile fem a les
F orag erS te rile fem a les
Q u een Ten d erY ou n g W orker
Q u eenE g g P rod u cer
E g g s
L arvae
W orkers
Bait
3-4 days
1-5 months
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Multiple Queens cause most Failures
Q u een
W orker
Q u een
W orker
Q u een
E g g s
Bait
XXPharaohGhostWhite-footedFire antArgentine
XX
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Food Preference
• Sweet feeders -- climb shrubs and trees for honeydew• Protein feeders -- on porches and window ledges feeding
on dead insects attracted to lights• Lipid (oil) feeders -- in lawns feeding on seeds • Do not consume wood
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Foods
Sugar Peanut oil Crickets
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Bait by Ant Food Preference
• Sweet feeders— baits for these ants contain sugars or syrups
• Protein feeders— made of ground silkworm pupae
• Lipid feeders— usually contain peanut butter or soybean oil
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Baits
Protein Sugar Oil
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Pharaoh Ant = Window ledges
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Break Area with Ant Foraging on Table
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Break Area with Ants Foraging on
Counter
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Office with Ants Foraging in
Papers
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Window Ledges surround Entire Building
Window ledge
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Courtyard
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Window Ledge next to Shrubs
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Pharaoh Ant Trail on Window Ledge
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Food Sources placed on Counter in Break Area
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Food Sources placed on Desk in Office
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Food Sources placed on Window Ledge
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Food Sources on Counter 45 Minutes Later
0 ants
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Food Sources on Office Desk 45 Minutes Later
35 ants 3 ants 1 ant
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3 ants 1 ant
Desk 45 Minutes Later
35 ants
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Window Ledge45 Minutes Later
53 ants19 ants15 ants
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Window Ledge 45 Minutes Later
53 ants
19 ants15 ants
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Counter in Break Area 45 Minutes Later
0 ants
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Desk45 Minutes Later
35 ants 17 ants 7 ants
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Window Ledge45 Minutes Later
53 ants13 ants 12 ants
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Window Ledge13 ants
53 ants
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Total Pharaoh Ants at Food and Baits
1
98
165
Break counter Office desk Window ledge0
50
100
150
200
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• Primarily feed on dead insects on window sills, ledges, and porches.
• Also, feed on sugars and oils.
• Can be controlled by baiting at windows and porches without even entering house.
Pharaoh Ant Summary
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Crazy Ants = Sweets
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Loading Dock Area
Crazy ant nest
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Back Entrance Next to Loading Dock
Crazy ant nest
Soda cans
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Nest Entrance Next to Wall
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Foods Placed Next to Wall on Loading Dock
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Food on Loading Dock45 Minutes Later
30 ants0 ants 0 ants
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Sucrose
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Crazy Ants
42 ants0 ants 0 ants
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Crazy Ant Summary
• Feed on sweets.
• Like to nest under slabs and other protected areas.
• Placement of sweet baits close to nest guarantees control.
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Carpenter ants = Trees and voids
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Daytime Inspection of Business Office
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Daytime Inspection of Business Office
Sticky traps help pinpoint areas of activity
8 antsDrink cups
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Daytime Inspection of
Business Office
Are they entering for water?
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Daytime Inspection of
Business Office
8 ants
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Daytime Inspection of
Business Office
Water also is available in potted plants
6 ants
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Daytime Inspection of
Business Office
Greatest number of ants caught next to copier
12 ants
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Daytime Inspection of
Business Office
Looks like areas where ants leave the building, there are a few dead ants on the ledge
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Daytime Inspection of Business Office
Ant bone-yard on window track
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Daytime Inspection of Business Office
Trees look like potential harborage sites
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Daytime Inspection of Business Office
Particularly hollows and tree holes
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Daytime Inspection of Business Office
Holes in caulk look like nest sites
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Night-time Inspection of
Business Office
Ants on floors and on papers
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Night-time Inspection of Business Office
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Night-time Inspection of
Business Office
Ants leaving through window behind copier and crawling along window ledge
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Night-time Inspection of Window Ledge
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Ants Entering Hole in Caulk
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Carpenter Ant Nests
Nest entrance
Nest entrance
Nest entrance
Main Nest entrance
Satellite Nest
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Foods Placed Next to Copier
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Food Sources2 hours later
Empty Some left Untouched
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Restocked Food
Sources
4 ants
0 ants 0 ants
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Baits Next to Copier20 minutes later
3 ants 0 ants 0 ants
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Solution to Carpenter Ant Problem
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Carpenter Ant Summary
• Prefer sweets and dead insects.
• Night-time inspections critical for control.
• Find and destroy nest.
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Ghost Ant = Trails
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Ghost Ants in Whitefly Rearing
LaboratorySweet potato whitefly on sweet potato
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Corner beside Whitefly Chamber
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Drop Ceiling above
Whitefly Chamber
Entrance to nest
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Food in Corner next to Whitefly Chamber
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Ants on Baits
Ghost ants do not forage far from trails
Cricket right on trail
Sucrose far from trail
0 ants 9 ants
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Ants on Cricket
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Foods have to be Placed Right on Ghost Ant Trail
21 ants
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Baits in Corner
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Ghost Ants onBait
87 ants0 ants
0 ants
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Ghost Ant Summary
• Feed on sugars and dead insects.
• Very strong trail followers, and baits must be placed right on trail.
• Follow trails to nest.
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Fire Ants = Mounds in Lawn
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Nest near Trees in Landscape
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Nest next to Greenhouse
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Fire Ants next to Front Entrance
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Fire Ants next to Doorway to Office
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Fire Ants in Hallway
Weather seal in window is destroyed
Ant bait station in hall
Termite swarmer
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Nests near Greenhouses
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Food Sources placed next to Greenhouse
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Food Sources placed next to Greenhouse5 Minutes Later
4 ants78 ants0 ants
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Food Sources placed next to Greenhouse5 Minutes Later
78 ants
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Food Sources placed next to Greenhouse10 Minutes Later
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Baits placed next to Greenhouse
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Ants Must Return to Nest to Recruit Others 5 Minutes Later
Watch this ant
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Baits placed next to Greenhouse30 Minutes Later
Ant is still there
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Fire Ants
5 minutes 30 minutes
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Bait Piled on Fire Ant Mound
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Broadcast Application of Fire Ant Bait
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Broadcast Application of Fire Ant Bait
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Fire Ant Summary
• Prefer oil based baits
• Broadcast applications of baits are most efficient.
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Summary of Ant Feeding
• Pharaoh ant ** *** *• Crazy ant ***• Ghost ant *** **• Carpenter ant *** **• Fire ant * ** ***
Sugar Protein Oil
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Sugar = Honeydew
Aphids Mealybugs
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Pyrocantha near Entrance to Building
Ants
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Shrubs Surrounding
Structure
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Block Ant Access to Aphids
Aphids
Sticky barriers
Residual Insecticides
Foliar sprays
Baits
Soil drench or injection
Ghost ants
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Imidacloprid (Merit) a systemic that kills
honeydew-producing
insects on plants
Foliar Sprays
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Barriers Applied to Bark of Trees and
Shrubs
• Residual insecticide barriers
• Sticky Barriers – Tak-trap
Insecticide or sticky barrier
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Baits Placed below Barriers on Bark
Insecticide or sticky barrier
Bait system
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Baits Placed Below Barrier
Insecticide or sticky barrier
Bait system
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Aphids
Tree and shrub imidacloprid drench to kill sucking insects
Soil drench
Imidacloprid
Translocation from roots
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Fire Ant
Carpenter Ant
Big-headed Ant
Acrobat Ant
Ghost Ant
Pharaoh Ant
Argentine Ant
White-footed Ant
Crazy Ant
Perimeter Residual Barriers
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Treat Ant Nesting Sites:Voids