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AnswersAnswers

Section 4B: Applications and Implications

Check your progress 1

1. Describe how surveillance can be used by the police to solve crimes.

A. The police can track someone who is suspected of having committed acrime, or who they believe is about to commit a crime. They can trackwhere people are from their cell phone signals and can use hiddencameras to record criminal activity. They may also intercept emails andtext messages.

End-of-topic questions 1

1. Describe one way in which a computer system can be used to violate yourprivacy.

A. Someone who works at a medical centre may use their access privilegesto read confidential information about your health and then tell otherpeople about it. (Note that if an employee did this and was found out they

would normally lose their job.)

2. What is personal information?

A. Personal information is information about living people.

3. Give one example of when surveillance could be used legally and oneexample of when it might be used illegally.

A. Surveillance could be used legally to, for example, watch suspected drugsmugglers at airports. Surveillance could be used illegally by a criminal towatch a house that they intend to burgle.

4. List two ways in which you can check whether information you have found onwebsite is accurate.

A. You could find out who or which organisation was responsible for theinformation and then decide whether they would know the correctinformation. You could also check the information against other trustedsources, such as an encyclopedia, or a reliable public website.

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Check your progress 2

1. What is copyright?

A. The person who created a book, a piece of music or an artwork, owns thecopyright to that material, which means that no-one may copy, quote orreuse the material without their permission.

2. What is software piracy?

A. Software piracy occurs when someone illegally copies and sells software.

End-of-topic questions 2

1. Which of the following is ALWAYS a crime?

a. electronic eavesdropping

b. credit card fraud

c. storing personal data

d. storing inaccurate data

A. B - credit card fraud

2. List two reasons why software piracy is bad for the computer industry.

A. Software companies lose millions of potential sales because of piracy,

which means that they have to increase their prices.Pirate software often carry viruses, which damages the reputation ofgenuine software suppliers.

3. Explain how someone can protect themselves from identity theft.

A. By only giving your personal information to someone who needs to knowit, and by shredding documents that contain personal information.

4. State the main differences between credit card fraud and computer fraud.

A. Computer fraud is normally carried out by someone who has legal access

to data. They then use their privileges to alter data, to create bogus bankaccount,s etc for their own personal gain. Credit card fraud can be carriedout by anyone who has access to someone elses credit card, or knowsthe information printed on a credit card plus the PIN.

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Check your progress 3

1. Make a list of all the application software that you can use at school. Are thereother applications you would like to use?

A. Lists will vary from school to school, but will probably include softwarepackages for word processing (such as Microsoft Word), spreadsheets(such as Microsoft Excel), presentation (such as Microsoft PowerPoint),web design (such as Microsoft FrontPage), database management (such

as Microsoft Access), desktop publishing (such as Microsoft Publisher),graphics (Microsoft Paint or Adobe PhotoShop)

End-of-topic questions 3

1. What is the difference between custom-written and proprietary software?

A. Custom-written software is created for one specific organisation so itexactly meets their needs. Proprietary software is available on the openmarket, and anyone can purchase it.

2. What are the advantages of using open source software? What are thedisadvantages?

A. Advantages: open source software is free; you can find plenty of help fromthe software developers and other users.

Disadvantages: Open source software may not be compatible with othersoftware applications.

3. For each of the following tasks state whether the user should usepresentation, spreadsheet, word processing or desktop publishing software.

a. Writing a letter to a customer

b. Producing a fashion magazine

c. Creating a slideshow for a talk

d. Designing the menu for a restaurant

e. Writing up a project

f. Keeping track of personal expenditure

A. a. word processing

b. desktop publishing

c. presentation

d. word processing or desktop publishing

e. word processing

f. spreadsheet

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End-of-topic questions 4

1. Describe a situation in which an expert system might be used.

A. A junior doctor may use an expert system to make a diagnosis.

2. Explain the differences between CADD and CAE software.

A. Computer Aided Design and Drafting software is a graphical program thatis used by engineers to design products.

Computer Aided Engineering software is used by engineers to both createand test a design on a computer before the product is actually made.

3. Describe two contexts in which a robot might be used instead of a human todo a task. In each case explain why the robot is preferred.

A. A robot could be used in a dangerous location, such as within a nuclearreactor or in a collapsed building. This would protect humans fromdangerous situations.

A robot could also be used in a factory, where it would be able to carry outdetailed tasks with much greater accuracy than a human.

4. What are the advantages of using teleconferencing facilities for a businessmeeting instead of meeting face-to-face?

A. Advantages: The participants would not have to pay to travel to a meetingplace; they would save the time that could have been spent travelling; theycan have meetings that bring together people across the world and indifferent time zones.

End-of-topic questions 5

1. List three jobs that have disappeared and three other jobs that have beencreated as a result of ICT.

A. Three jobs that have disappeared: long-distance telephone operators, hotmetal typesetters, shorthand typist, etc.

Three new jobs: software engineers, database managers, IT trainers, etc.

2. Does telecommuting mean:

a. Travelling to work from a long distance.

b. Using a television as part of your work.

c. Working from home.

d. Working for a telemarketing business.

A. C - Working from home

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3. Describe three ways in which a doctor might use ICT in their work.

A. A doctor can store patient records on a database, can use computer

controlled scanning machines to diagnose a patients illness, candownload professional documents from the Web.

4. Explain why training in ICT is important in the workplace.

A. Many employees did not learn about ICT at school but find they need touse computer systems at work. New technologies are developing all thetime, so employees need to keep up-to-date with the latest innovations. Inboth cases, the employer needs to provide training for the employees sothey have the right skills.

End-of-topic questions 6

1. What are the differences between the tasks done by a systems analyst and asoftware engineer?

A. A systems analyst looks at all the processes used by an organisation,including those that involve computers, and then plans improvements. Asoftware engineer designs the software that will be part of a new systemdescribed by the systems analyst.

2. Describe the work done by a database administrator.

A. A database administrator is responsible for a large database, ensuring thatthe users can access the data and programs that they need in order towork with the database.

3. List four of the tasks undertaken by an IT manager.

A. An IT manager will decide on new hardware and software, will manage thesystem administrators, will provide help for computer users, will prepare

for emergencies, and will manage the IT finances.

4. What is the difference between a webmaster and a web developer?

A. A web developer designs and creates a website. A webmaster looks afterand amends a website on a day-to-day basis.

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End-of-section questions

Multiple-choice questions

1. The illegal copying and selling of software is called:

A Copyright

B Intellectual property

C Piracy

D Privacy

A. C

2. An example of an open source software is

A WindowsB Linux

C Microsoft Word

D Microsoft Office

A. B

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about robots?

A They are faster than humans

B They are easy to buy and maintain

C They can do repetitive tasks

D They can be used in places that are dangerous for humans

A. B

4. Which of the following devices is NOT a requirement in teleconferencing?

A Microphone

B Sensor

C Speakers

D Telephone

A. B

5. Even though telemarketing is possible, sometimes people prefer to go andbuy from shops mainly because

A They can bargain the prices.

B They can assess the quality of items.

C They can shop at multiple shops and compare.

D All of the above.

A. B

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Structured questions

1. a. List four types of computer crime.

A. Electronic eavesdropping, industrial espionage, software piracy, identifytheft

b. Briefly describe any two of the crimes you identified in your answer to 1a.

A. Electronic eavesdropping is tapping into other persons conversations, e-mails, etc.

Industrial espionage is accessing information about a company illegally togain a competitive edge.

Software piracy is illegal copying and selling of copyrighted software.

Identity theft is a form of fraud in which the criminal pretends to besomeone else.

2. a. State the difference between telemarketing and teleconferencing.

A. Telemarketing is the buying and selling of goods and services throughtelecommunication channels, while teleconferencing is having a meetingusing telecommunication channels.

b. State the difference between telecommuting and teleconferencing.

A. Telecommuting is working from home by access to the office computerand teleconferencing is having a meeting using telecommunicationchannels.

c. Expand the following abbreviations:

i. CADD

ii. CAE

iii. CAM

A. i. Computer Aided Designing and Drafting

ii. Computer Aided Engineering

iii. Computer Aided Manufacturing

3. List two ways in which computers can be helpful for the following persons:

i. A medical doctorii. A teacher

iii. A movie director

A. i. to store patient records, to diagnose diseases

ii. to research on a topic, as a visual aid,

iii. to store movie scripts, to communicate with other directors

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4. List two main duties of the following computer professionals:

i. A database administrator

ii. A system analyst

iii. A computer technician

A. i. Determine and allocate the database to different users; set upqueries/searches

ii. Suggest the most suitable computer systems for the organisation;prepare system documentation

iii. Carry out day-to-day maintenance tasks; install new hardware/software

5. Robots are used by many industries due to their many advantages.

a. List two industries in which robots are commonly used.b. State two advantages of using robots over manual methods in industries.

c. Give one disadvantage of using robots rather than manual methods inindustries.

A. a. Car manufacturing industries and chemical industries.

b. They are faster than manual methods; they can do repetitive taskswithout any tiredness.

c. They do not have common sense, so if there is an error in theinstructions given robots will do it repeatedly.