Answer the following honestly

• How does the government (local or national) impact your daily life in a positive way? In a negative way?

– Try to think of at least one example of each

Review of Enlightenment Ideas

What was the Enlightenment?

An age of Reason

I. Scientific Revolution

• Geocentric Theory vs. Heliocentric Theory• Scientific Method• Names associated with the scientific

revolution:• Rene Descartes• Nicolaus Copernicus• Galileo Galilei• Sir Isaac Newton

II. Views on Government

A. Social Contract• Thomas Hobbes believes in a social

contract or decision by the people to give some freedom in exchange for peace, safety, order.

• Best government in this case is an absolute monarchy where the monarch is a leviathan, massive sea monster, with complete power.

II. Views on Government Cont.B. Natural Rights • John Locke- believes

people are born with the rights of life, liberty, and property

• Purpose of government is to protect these Natural Rights and if the government doesn’t, people have the right to overthrow and change the government.

Other Names associated with the enlightenment and government

• Rousseau – Common Good

• Baron de Montesquieu – Separation of Powers

III. Views on Society

• Religious toleration, women’s rights, and economic systems

• Names associated with the enlightenment and views of society

• Voltaire- freedom of religion, freedom of speech• Diderot- writes Encyclopedia including enlightenment

ideas of government, religion, science, and art• Mary Wollstonecraft – advocates women’s rights• Adam Smith- originates the idea of a laissez-faire

economy- define?

Spread of Enlightenment Ideas• 1700s Paris was the cultural and

intellectual capital of Europe salons or gatherings of philosophers, writers, artists, scientists, etc.

• The Encyclopedia, classical music, architecture, novels

• Enlightened despots or absolute rulers those that embraced the ideas of the enlightenment:

• Frederick the Great- Prussia• Joseph II- Austria• Catherine the Great- Russia

• All embraced strengthening their countries, but also allowed for increased religious tolerance, abolished torture, improved education, and reduced censorship

Assignment- 10A

• Group- 1- Copernicus• Group 2 and 3- Descartes• Group 4 and 5- Voltaire• Group 6 and 7- Kant

Which of the following statements do you agree the most with?

A. Freedom of speech should always be protected

B. Freedom of speech should be restricted during times of war

C. Freedom of speech should be restricted if it harms someone

D. Freedom of speech should be restricted if it endangers someone’s life