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ANSC 4 Chapter 3 : Meat and Bones Slide 2 Objectives ID and describe the major structures and functions of the musculoskeletal system Describe bone anatomy terms Differentiate between the axial and appendicular terms Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce terms related to diagnosis, pathology, and treatment Slide 3 Warm Up Do you use more muscles frowning or smiling? Slide 4 Structures of the Skeletal System Bone: a form of connective tissue, hardest in the body Ossification: formation of bone Combining forms Oste/o, oss/e, oss/i Cartilage: another form of connective tissue, more elastic than bones Combining form: chondr/o Slide 5 Ossification Parts of the process Bone growth is balanced between the following: OsteoBlasts: immature bone cells that produce bony tissue Build OsteoClasts: phagocytic cells that eat away boney tissue Cut Osteocytes: mature osteoblast Slide 6 Joints/Articulations Connections between bones TYPES: Diarthroses Pivot or trochoid (Skull to neck) Ball and socket/ spheroid (Hip) Saddle Hinge/ ginglymus (Knee) Condyloid/ arthrodial (Wrist) Gliding Synarthoroses Suture : (skull) Amphiarthroses Symphysis : (pelvic girdle) Slide 7 Joint Parts Bursa Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in the areas of friction Synovial membrane and fluid Secretes synovial fluid, which acts like a lubricant to make joint movement smooth Air bubbles = joint cracking! This can cause damage resulting in arthritis type symptoms Slide 8 Axial Skeleton : Parts Top to bottom Cranium Frontal, parietal, occipital, (Formen/ Magnum) temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, incisive, pterygoid Face Zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, lacrimal, incisive, nasal, vomer, nasal septum, hyoid Back ( Spinal / vertebral column) Vertebrae, body, arch, lamina, spinous process, transverse process, articular process, foramen, vertebral foramen, intervertebral discs Ribs Sternum, manubrium, body, xiphoid process, thoracic cavity/ rib cage Slide 9 Human Skeleton Think about it: Humans are mammals Many animals are related throughout evolution Do the human practice sheet. Print an animal skeleton and color the coordinating bone structures so they match the human skeleton Slide 10 Slide 11 Appendicular Skeleton : parts From the Front Scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metcarpals, splint bones, phalanges, digits, ungulates (hooves), pastern bones, To the Back Pelvis, ilium, ischium, femur, femoral head and neck, patella, stifle joints, tibia, fibula, tarsus (small animals), hock Slide 12 Slide 13 Testing Arthocentesis: removal of liquid from a joint of analysis Arthography: inject contrast material for radiographic testing Arthoscopy: visually examine a joint using a fiber optic scope Radiology: study internal structures (Xrays) Slide 14 Common Aliments of Bones Arthritis: inflammation of joints causing pain Rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune disorder of the connective tissues and joints Hip Dysplasia: abnormal development of pelvic joint. Head of femur and acetabulum do not align. (large breed dogs) Luxation: dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint Subluxation: partial dislocation Osteoporosis: abnormal loss of bone density, increase in porosity Slide 15 Medial Luxating Patella ( Toy Dog ) Closer view of knee with medial luxating patella. Instead of riding up and down normal groove patella is off to the side Slide 16 Types of Fractures Slide 17 Muscles : Types Slide 18 Ligament vs. Tendon Ligament: Band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone Tendon Band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone Slide 19 How Muscles are labeled: Positional: Pector: Chest Epaxial: above Intercostal: between the ribs Infra/Supra-spinatus: beneath or below/above Inferior: below or deep Medius: middle Superior: above Ex/In-ternus: outer/inner Orbicularis: surrounding Slide 20 Muscle Labeling contin Directional: Rectus: straight Oblique: slanted Transverse: crosswise Sphincter: tight band Numerical Parts Bi: 2 Tri: 3 Quad: 4 Slide 21 Muscle Labeling Size: Minimus: Small Maximus/ vastus: Large Longissimus/gracilis: Narrow Latissimus: Broad Major Minor Slide 22 Muscle Labeling: Last Slide! Shape Deltoid: triangle Quadratus: square or 4 sided Rhomboideus: diamond Scalenus: Unequally 3-sided Serratus: saw toothed Teres: cylindrical Slide 23 Work to complete Represent the different types of muscles Sheet of paper Explain what they do Where might your find them? Finish chapter reviews Finish chptr3 worksheets