another kind of green revolution in drylands
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Chris Reij (Senior Fellow, WRI) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-populationTRANSCRIPT
Chris Reij
ESTABLISHED 1982
ANOTHER KIND OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN
DRYLANDS
THE CONVENTIONAL AGRICULTURAL
MODERNISATION PARADIGM IN
ACTION: NOT SUSTAINABLE, NO
RESILIENCE,NO EQUITY
AGROFORESTRY IS THE PILLAR OF AGRICULTURE
IN DRYLANDS AND SUBHUMID REGIONS
RE-GREENING = INCREASING THE NUMBER OF
ON-FARM TREES PRODUCES MULTIPLE IMPACTS
☺ SOIL ORGANIC MATTER/SOIL FERTILITY
☺ FODDER FOR LIVESTOCK
☺ FOOD SECURITY
☺ HOUSEHOLD ENERGY
☺ COMPLEX FARMING SYSTEMS
☺ VALUE CHAINS
☺ NUTRITION
☺ ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
☺ CARBON SEQUESTRATION
☺ BIODIVERSITY
NIGER: 5 MILLION HA OF NEW
AGROFORESTRY PARKLAND
SENEGAL: ? MILLION HA OF PARKLAND
IN THE PEANUT BASIN
MALI: 6 MILLION HA OF PARKLAND IN SOUTHERN MALI
NEW AGROFORESTS ON MALI’S
SENO PLAINS (450,000 ha)
GRAIN SURPLUS IN 2011: about 50,000 tons
BURKINA IS GRADUALLY TRANSFORMED INTO
AN AGROFORESTRY PARKLAND
FOOD DEFICIT IN NIGER IN 2011 -2012:
600,000 TONS
Grain surplus Kantché District (Zinder/Niger).
350,000 inhabitants; high on-farm tree densities
• 2007 + 21,230 ton
• 2008 + 36,838 ton
• 2009 + 28,122 ton
• 2010 + 64,208 ton
• 2011 + 13,818 ton
Source: National Committee for the Prevention and Management of
Food Crises and FEWS
Quoted by: Yamba and sambo (2012)
VEGETATION TURNS DOWN THE HEAT
Village Degree of vulnerability
Kouka Samou
Doukoum Doukoum
Kirou Haussa
Zedrawa
Daré
Least vulnerable
200
40
140
125
135
Medium Vulnerable
110
37
120
70
63
Very vulnerable
80
83
26
40
100
Extremely Vulnerable
104
50
116
80
45
AVERAGE ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME
FROM NEW AGROFORESTRY PARKLAND (US $)
Source: Yamba and Sambo (2012)
1990
AGROFORESTRY AS CO-BENEFIT OF WATER HARVESTING
2004
Demi lunes
Combretum glutinosum
Zaï
Simple techniques
Piliostigma reticulatum
Big impacts
Rainfall, WH techniques and cereal yields in Niger
(1991 – 1996)
Rainfall
Badagui
chiri
Illéla
1991
726 mm
581 mm
1992
423 mm
440 mm
1993
369 mm
233 mm
1994
613 mm
581 mm
1995
415 mm
404 mm
1996
439 mm
440 mm
Average
1991 –
1996
Zaï
T0
T1
T2
----
520
764
0
297
494
0
393
659
0
969
1486
0
347
534
0
553
653
0
513
765
Half moons
T0
T1
T2
0
655
1183
0
293
538
0
416
641
0
912
1531
0
424
615
0
511
632
0
535
857
Average
Illéla
district
386
241
270
362
267
282
301
T0 = before situation; T1 WH technique + manure
T2 WH technique + manure + urea
Group of
Villages
SWC technique Grain yield
(kg/ha)
Dry
matter
(kg/ha)
Ziga
Average region
434
2472
Zaï 772
3471
Stone bunds 574
2843
Zaï+ stone bunds 956
3798
Ranawa
Average region 376
2375
Zaï 804
3822
Stone bunds 531
2964
Zaï+ stone bunds 922
3968
Source: Sawadogo, H. (2008)
IMPACT OF WH TECHNIQUES ON CEREAL YIELDS
IN 2007 (NORTHERN CENTRAL PLATEAU, BURKINA FASO)
Water harvesting Agroforestry Micro-dosing
+ +
Agroforestry Niger 500 kg/ha
Agroforestry + micro-dosing 900 – 1000 kg/ha
Without water harvesting 0 kg/ha
Water harvesting 500 kg/ha
Water harvesting + microdosing 800 – 1000 kg/ha
SOME DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR
SMALLHOLDER INTENSIFICATION AND
RESILIENCE BUILDING IN DRYLANDS
INCREASE ON-FARM TREE DENSITIES IN
EXISTING PARKLANDS
MICRO DOSING + IMPROVED VARIETIES
IN EXISTING PARKLANDS (MILLIONS OF HA)
DIVERSIFY TREE SPECIES
REJUVENATE OLD PARKLAND
BUILD NEW AGROFORESTS