annual report of the colonies. gambia 1935...all pricea are net. tkoae in brackets include postage....

C O L O N I A L R E P O R T S - A N N U A L

N o . 1 7 5 5

Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of

T H E GAMBIA, 1935

(For Reports for 1933 and 1934. s e e a y d J7lS respectively (Price 2s. each).)

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T A B L E O F C O N T E X T S .

P A ing 1 A.

do. V I . P roduc t ion 16.

do . V I I . ( I ' l M l l l f M V C . . . 18.

.1 . . . V 1 1 1 . W ;»{>•; Mi ld Cu>1 of L i v i n g 22.

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do . X . Communica t ions and 1 ransport 2 6 .

do . X I . Its«nUtti

Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the Gambia

1935.

C i i A r T K K I . H I S T O R Y , i E u r o p e a n * t o v i s i t the R i v e r ( i a m h i a w e r e A lu i se da

( a d a M o < t o , a V e n e t i a n , i m d A n l o n i o t t o ( s i d i M a r e , a ( i e u o c s e .

T h e v w e i e ( o n u u i s s i o n e d 1>\ P r i n c e l l e n r v t h e N a v i g a t o r o f P o r t u g a l

t o l e a d an e \ p c d i t i o i i along* the A fries* 11 r o a s t t o t h e sou th o f ( a p e

V e r d e . T h e y a r r i v e d in t h e R i v e r i 1 a m h i a in N o . l . l>uf o n l y p m -

e e r d e d a shor t w a y u p s t r e a m . T h e y r e p e a t e d t h e i r v o v a g e in i h e

f o l l o w i n g y e a r , w h e n t h e y p r o c e e d e d f u i t h r r up the r i v e r a m ! g o i i n t o

t o u c h w i t h s o m e ol" t h e n a t i v e c h i e f s . W h e n t h e v w e r e n e a r t h e

r i / e r ' s m o u t h , " t h e y east a n c h o r on a S « m d a \ m o r n i n g at an i s l and in

t h e s h n p e o f a s m o o t h i n g i r o n , w h e r e o n e o f tin- s a i l o r s , w h o h a d d i e d

o f a f e v e r , w a s l u n i e d ; a n d . a> his n a m e w a s A n d r e w , h e i n g w e l l

l o v e d , t h e y g a v e the I n l a n d He nan ie o f Sr . A n d r e w / * F o r s o m e t h r e e

r e n t u r ies a f i e r w a r d s t h e l i i s f o r y o f t he E u r o p e a n o c c . p a i ion o f \ he

( i a m h i a w a s l a r g e l v t h e h i s t o r y o f l h i< i s l a n d .

T h i s d i s e o \ e r y w a s f o l l o w e d h\ a i t e n i p t s o n t h e parf o f t he P n r -

t h'iiiJ'sc at s e t t l e m e n t a l o n g 1 t h e r i v e r h a n k s . T h e n n m h e r o f >ett !ers

n e v e r a p p e a l s at a n y t i m e t o h a v e 1 een l a r g e a n d such f e w as t h e r e

w e r e i n t e r m a r r i e d w i t h t h e n a t i s e A f r i c a n r a c e s . T h e E u r o p e a n

s t r a in in t h e i r d e s c e n d a n t s r a p i d l y d i m i n i s h e d a n d in c o u r s e o f t i m e if

h r r a n i c d i f f i c u l t t o d i s t i n g u i s h tin in f r o m t h e i n d i g e n o u s rare.-, e \ e e p t

f o r the f a c t s that t h e y s t y l e d t h e m s e l v e s P o r t u g u e s e , n f l e e t ed E u r o

p e a n d re s s a n d n a m e s , a n d p r o f e s s e d to he ( hnVl iam% ( ' n i u i n u n i i ies

o f P o r t u g u e s e d e s c e n t c o m u i u e d t o l i v e on I l ie h a n k s o f t h e < i a m h i a .

in s e p a r a t e v i l l a g e s w e l l i n t o t h e m i d d l e o f t he e i g h t e e n t h r e i i t u r v .

P o r t u g u e s e c h u r c h e s e x i s t e d up to 1 7. '»0 at S a n D o m i n g o ( n e a r

A l h r e d a ) , ( i e r e g i a ( s c . P o r t u g u e s e * * e g i e j a * \ ) n e a r K a n s a l a in F o n i ,

B i u t a n g a n d T a n k u l a r . T h e fur thes t P o r t u g u e s e s e t t l e m e n t up t h e

r i v e r w a s at S e t u k o ne;n* F a t t a t e n d . . .

I n 1.380 tin* t ln-one o f P o r t u g a l w a s s e i z e d b y P h i l i p I I o f S p a i n

a n d a n u m h e r o f P o r t u g u e s e t o o k i c f u g v in E n g l a n d . I n I . ; K 7 o n e

- o f t h e s e r e f u g e e s . F r a n c i s c o F e r r c i r a * p i l o t e d t w o E n g l i s h s h i p s to the,

( i a m h i a . a n d r e t u r n e d w i t h a ]>ro{i ta l>le c a r g o o f h i d e s a n d i v o r y . I n

t h e f o l l o w i n g y e a r A n t o n i o . P r i o r o f C ' r a t o , who l a id c l a i m to t h e

P o r t u g u e s e t h r o n e , v o i d to c e r t a i n L o n d o n a n d D e v o n m e r c h a n t s ,

t h e e x c l u s i v e r i g h t to t r a d e b e t w e e n t h e S t i ve r s S e n e g a l a n d

( i a m h i a . T h i s g r a n t w a s c o n f i r m e d t o t h e g r a n t e e s f o r a

p e r i o d o f t en y e a r s h y l e t t e r s p a t e n t o f Q u e e n E l i z a b e t h . T h e p a t e n

t e e s sent s e v e r a l vessels to t h e r o a s t , hut o w i n g to P o r ' u g u r s c h o s t i l i t y

d i d not v e n t u r e f u r t h e r s o u t h t h a n d o a l — t h i r t y m i l e s t o t h e n o r t h o f

the mouth o f the R i v e r ( i a m h i a . T h e y r e p o r t e d that the ( i a m h i a was

**a r iver of s e c r e t t rade and r i c h e s c o n c e a l e d hv the P o r f i m a l s .

F o r l o n g s i n c e o n e F r e n c h m a n entered w i t h a uniall b a r q u e , which was

be t r ayed , surprised and taken h v two g a l l i c s o f the P o r t u g a l * "

2

L e t t e r s patent confer r ing ( inter alia ) the r igh t of exc lus ive t rade in the R i v e r G a m b i a were subsequently gran ted in 151)8, 1618, and 1C32 t o o t h e r adventurers , but no a t tempt was made by the Eng l i sh to exp lo re the r iver until 1618. T h e exped i t i on in I hat yea r was commanded by G e o r g e Thompson and had for it* ob jec t the o p e n i n g up o f trade with T i m b u k t u . L e a v i n g his ship at Gassan, T h o m p s o n proceeded with a small par ty in boats as far as the R i v e r N e r i c o . D u r i n g his absence the c rew of his ship were massacred by the P o r t u guese, but some of Thompson '* par ty managed on their return to m a k e their way over land to C a p e V e r d e and thence to E n g l a n d . T h o m p s o n remained it) the (Jambia with seven companions , but was ki l led by one of them in a sudden quarre l . In the meant ime a rel ief e x p e d i t i o n had been sent out under tin* command of R icha rd Jobson , who also made his w a y up to the N e r i e o . N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g the fact that Jobson in bib u T h e G o l d e n T r a d e " g a v e a g l o w i n g account of the commercia l potent ia l i t ies o f the R i v e r G a m b i a , the patentees, w h o had been invo lved by these t rading ventures in considerable losses, did not further prosecute the exp lora t ion of the ( Jambia but confined their attentions to the G o l d Coas t .

In 1601 the C o m m o n w e a l t h g ran ted a patent to certain L o n d o n merchants, who in that and the fo l lowing y e a r sent t w o exped i t i ons to the R i v e r ( j a m b i a and established a t r ad ing post at R i n t a n g . M e m b e r s o f the exped i t ion proceeded as far as, the Barracunda F a l l * in search of g o l d , but the c l imate took its to l l . In 16.02 P r i n c e Rupert entered the (Jambia with three ships and captured the pa tentees 1 vessels. A f t e r this heavy loss the patentees abandoned further enterprise in the G a m b i a .

In the meant ime t lames, D u k e of Cour land , w h o was the nephew and godson of J a m e s I of E n g l a n d , had in about 1601 obta ined from various na t ive chiefs the cession of S t . A n d r e w ' s Island and land a t Banyon Po in t ( C a p e S t . M a r y ) , Jufturc and Gassan. Se t t l e r s , merchants and missionaries were sent out from Cour land and forts were erected on S t . .Andrew's Island and at C a p e S t . M a r y . D u r i n g the nex t e ight years u very flourishing trade was carr ied on be tween the (Jambia and Cour land . In 1608 the D u k e o f Cour land was made a prisoner du r ing a war be tween S w e d e n and P o l a n d . A s a con sequence funds ceased to be ava i lab le for the maintenance of the. garrisons and sett lements in the (Jambia and in 1609 the D u k e o f Cour land '* agen t at A m s t e r d a m entered into an ag reemen t with the Dutch W e s t Ind ia C o m p a n y , w h e r e b y the D u k e ' s possessions in the G a m b i a were handed over to the C o m p a n y until such t ime as the D u k e should be in a posit ion to resume possession thereof . In 1 6 6 0 S t . A n d r e w ' s F o r t was captured and plundered b y a F r e n c h p r iya t ee r in the Swedish serv ice . T h e D u t c h thereafter abandoned the f o r t a i d the Cour landers resumed possession.

A f t e r the Res to ra t ion Eng l i sh interest in the G a m b i a was r e r i v e d as the result o f informat ion, which P r ince R u p e r t had obta ined in 1652 r ega rd ing the exis tence of a g o l d mine in the upper reaches o f the r iver . In 1660 a new patent was granted to a number of persons,

who were s tyled the R o y a l A d v e n t u r e r s t rad ing to A f r i c a and of w h o m the most prominent were J a m e s , D u k e o f Y o r k , and P r i n c e R u p e r t . A t the end of that r ea r the* A d v e n t u r e r s sent an exped i t ion to the G a m b i a under the command o f M a j o r R o b e r t H o l m e s , who had been with P r i n c e Ruper t in the ( Jambia in 1 6 3 2 . H o l m e s ar r ived in the r iver at the beg inn ing of the f o l l o w i n g yea r . H e proceeded to occupy D o g I s land , which he renamed Char les Is land, and to erect a temporary fort the c. O n M a r c h I S , 1 0 0 1 , be -ailed up to S t , A n d r e w ' s Is land and called upon the Cour iander officer in command to surrender, threatening to bombard the fort if bis request was not compl ied wi th . T h e r e were only seven European in the garrison and the Courlanders bad no a l ternat ive but to submit. O n the fo l l owing d a y H o l m e s took possession of the for t , which he renamed dames F o r t af ter the D u k e of Y o r k . A n attempt, was made in 1 0 0 2 bv the Du tch \Ve

I

in 1725 J a m e s For t was v e r y ex tensiv c l \ d a m a g e d b y an a c c i d e n t a l

e x p l o s i o n o f g u n p o w d e r .

A f t e r t hese s e t b a c k s t i n 1 A f r i c a n C o m p a n y e n j o y e d t w e n t y v e a r s o f

c o m p a r a t i v e p r o s p e r i t y . A v e r y d e t a i l e d a c c o u n t o f t h e l i f e a n d w o r k

o f t h e ( o m p a i i v s s e r v a n t s in t h e ( i n m b i a d u r i n g th i s p e r i o d is g i v e n

in F r a n c i s M o o r e s IVa v: ! - i n t o t h e I n l a n d F a i l s o f A f r i c a . *

F a c t o r i e s w e r e 1 e s t a b l i s h e d as far u p t h e r i v e r as F a t i a i e n d a and at

o t h e r plac< - a n d *» but ly c o n s i d e r a b l e t r a d e w a s c a i r n d on w i t h tin-

i n t e r i o r of the e o n t i u e n i .

NV \ •« r* hen s s , tie,* pit an a n n u a ! s i d e id \ f i o m t h e B r i t i s h ( i o v o r u -

nl f o r i l ie m a i n t e n a n e e o f t h e i r b n t t ie- A 1 r iea n ( o m p a n v b e c a m e

in i / i ' i n ' M ' nf i i i i i c i n v o l v e d m g r a \ e !ma uoia I d i l i ic nil ! « • - . 1 n 1 7 4 9

J ;>inv b e i n g so in g r e e t e d tin- chn f t r a d e is

g o n e d o w n tin K i \ e r S e n e g a l t o t h e F r e n c h f a e t n r v . " In tin* b l o w

i n g \ « a r i t \ \ ; i> report* d that t h e g a r r i s o n at d a m e - F o i l " w a s r ^ d u e e d

b v s i e k n f i o m t wej i t \ " - ! ive o r t h n t v m e n in f i v e o r e i g h t : a n d . t he

o f l i e e ; - b r i n g | j | d e a d , a c o m m o n s o l d i e r had - u c e r e d e d to t In-

c o m m a n d ,

P» \ t h e p o s i t i o n b a d I n c o m e e r i ; teal and an A e t o f P a r l i a m e n t

v | -a—< d d i v e s t i n g tin* A f r i c a n ( ' o m p a n v of i t - eba r t e r a n d v e i l i n g

it - i o n - and set 11« m e i i K in a U' w r o m p : o . \ . \\ hi '*h w n - c o n t r o l l e d b \

a « • t i inmi t t ee of m e r c h a n t s . T h e \ et p r o h i h i m d \ ! , r in w c o m p a n y

I lorn t a d i u u " in i t* c o r p . .i at e e a p a c h v bu ; a l l o w e d it ,-in muua i s u b - i d s

t o . ; !••• upl.ee p o f t he b e t s . It wa • h o p e d t I n n h v t o p r e \ e n t t h e

r . i o m » p « . h - ; m t< l a t e n c i e s of i u i e 1 >\ a j o i n t . - lock e o m | a n \ a in i at t he

}• a m e Huh t o m i \ t l he g o \ ( r umen t t h e ex pensc ent a in d b v t he e r e a l ion

oi a c o l o n i a l ci il s e r v i c e .

I n 1 7 ^ . 1 d i e fort and s e t t l e m e n t s in the ( i a m h i a w e r e b v a t i o i b e r

A c ! o i P a r l i a m e n t l a k e n f r o m t h i - new e o m p a n v a n d \ • - t e d in the

( " ' o w n . F o r the n e x t e i g h t e e n v e a i s t h e ( i a m h i a b u n t e d par i o f 11 m»

( . r o w o ( o l o n y ol S e n c g a m b i a . ( i o v e r n i u e n t h e a d q u a r t e r s w e r e at

S t . L o i i s al i h e moti t h o f the \ < r S e n e g a l and a S u p e r i n t e n d e n t

o f T r a d e was a p p o i n t e d t o t a k e c h a r g e o f d ana - F o i t and t he

set? len ient < in t i n ' ( i a* d n a .

I n 1 77n t l ' e F r e n c h c a p t n n d d a m < s F o r t t o r t h e f i f th and last

t i n ; " . O n t h i - o e e n - i o n t h e y s o - u e c t >.-fnll y d e m o l i s h e d t he fort i d e a -

t io i •> that a' the c l o - e o f the w a r it w a s found i m p o s s i b l e to i e b u i l d

t h e m . ! ' . \ : ' » . » ! f o r a 1 't'iei p e r i o d a f t e r t h e N a p o l e o n i c w a r s , w I n n the

i s l a n d w a- t< n. | o r a l i lv o e c n p n d b v h a n d f u l o f t r o o p s a- a n o u t p o s t .

#1 a m e - I - land im;im d to pla \ a n y pa r ! in t he h b i o i w o f t h e ( i a m h i a .

I n \7h,\ S t . F o u i s a n d ( i o r e e w imv h a n d e d b a c k to F r a n c e a n d

S e u e g a m b i a c e a s e d to ex i s t as a B r i t i s h c o l o n y . T i n ( i a m h i a w a s

t h e r e f o r e o n c e m o r e e n t r u s t e d t o t h e c a r e o f t h e A f r i c a n C o m p a n y ,

http://upl.ee

I n 1 787 L e m a i n ( M a e ( a r t h y ) Island was p u r c h a s e d by the British*

g o v e r n m e n t w i t h a v i ew to the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a e o n v i e t . s e t t l e m e n t ,

but n o t h i n g c a m e of the p l a n , the c o n v i c t s be ing e v e n t u a l l y d i v e r t e d

to o t h e r p l a c e s .

F o r the n e x t t h i r t y v c a r s Br i t ish i n f l u e n c e in t he ( i a m b i a w a s c o n f i n e d t o t h e o p e r a t i o n s of a n u m b e r o f i n d i v i d u a l t r a d e r s . S e t t l e m e n t s w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d by these t r a d e r s a l o n g t h e r i v e r b a n k s . P e r h a p s the m o t

i m p o r t a n t o f t he se w a > at P i s a n i a ( K a r a u t a b a i. T h i s s c t d o m e m . w h i c h

wa-* a l r e a d v in e x i d e n c e in 1 7 7 9 . w:\< o c c u p i e d b v a d o c t o r n a m e d L a ' n l l i 1 a n d a Tamils o f l b " n; • • i * * o f A n d e s . S u b s e q u e n t l y i n v a l u

a b l e a s s > t : , n e e svas ; e n d e i ed !iy b o t h L a i d l e y and t he A m i e s to

M a ' « o r 11? >ugh inn < 1 7 9 1 M u n g o P a r k ( 1 7^."> and 1 S d . l i and M a j o r ( i r e y ( 1 s | X i in t In' c o u r s e o f i l se i r j o u r n e x > o f c \ p lora t ion i n t o t h e i n t e r i o r o i ' A f r i c a .

I n 1 7 9/i . l a m e s \ \ i l !n vra- a p p o i n t e d ( ' o n . - u l < 11 n*• r;;I f o r S - a i e -g a u d - i a a n d wa.- o r d e r e d to p r o c e e d !o F a t i a l e n d a to p j o i u o l e B r i t i s h t r a d e ; ; i»d h i l l : e-nce i n the i i! p, r r < g m n s a g r e e d a> o a i ! of the t e r m - of the

t rea 1 v o 1 ' p e a c e i ha t t ie >e p l a c e s d i o n Id b«- re! urn " d to F r a n c e . ( ) \ \ i h 4

r e c o M i i u e n d a t ion OJ S i r ( i i a r l e s \ ! a e ( ' a r : l i \ and in o r d e r to > u p p r < > -

the s < is r x t e i i - d v e t r a f l i c in s!a\ .*. w i n c h w a s h. u ,g c a r r i e d on b y

A m e - ; c : ) \ and S p a n i s h \ i >-eU hi t h e 1 % i \ . • i • ( I a m b i ; , , t h e Brit;.*h

( t o \ r i ' i i i i . i ni i - - ; c d ii.st i \ \ > ' \ i o n - ihat d m e - . I d a i r ! OR s(»me o t h e r

M u t a b l e p l a c e in tin- r i s e r - l i o u l d b e iu'*• 11?»:. 11 a- a m i l i t a r y p o - t .

C a p ' . a m A l e \ a n d e r f o u n d to he

m e -tut a b l e a> a mi lit a r\ b a s e , O \ ni il l i d , I S I l i , !l- l't i!M ' h i d S t . M a ry a! e fo r I b e ( »l« : ; , e - - .

In ISLM the A f r i c a n ( ' o i n p a u v w r- d > - o l v e d b v A < • I OF P a r l i a m e n t

and t h e ( i a m h i a w ; i a d m i n i s t e r e d f r o m S i e r r a L e o n e

un t i l I n I o . svhen i: w a - c r e a t e d a s e p a r a t e c o l o n s . T b i - a r r a n g e m e n t

c o n t i n u e d unt i l | N f » d w h e n the ( i a i u b i a and S l e i r a L e . u i " w e r e o t i ce

m o r e u n i t e d u n d e r the s a m e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n .

I n t he m e a n t i m e t he U r d b h ( J o s » i m u c i n e \ o t i < b d it^ t e r r i t o r i a l

a c q u i s i t i o n ^ b e v o t t d S t . M a r \ ' < N l a n d b \ c o n c l u d i n g t r e a t i e s w i t h a

n u m b e r o f n a t i v e c h i e f s . I n hS'Jd the n o r t h hank at t h e r i v e r

m o u t h svas c e d e d to ( n e a t B r i t a i n by t he K i n g o f B a r r a . In the

f o l l o w i n g vear tin4 K i n y of K o m b o m a d e a s i m i l a r ccs- ion

6

f o r libera ted A f r i c a n slaves as wel l as the headquarters o i a W e s l e y a n mission, Fur ther cessions o f other t racts of land near the mouth o f the r ive r and also further upstream were obta ined in subsequent yea r s . In 1856 A l b r e d a , which as a fo re ign enc lave in the m i d d l e o f Br i t i sh terr i tory had p r o v e d a constant source o f f r ic t ion be tween the Br i t i sh and French gove rnmen t s , was handed o v e r to ( J r e a l Br i ta in w h o in exchange renounced her r ights to the g u m t rade at Po r t end i c

I n 1 *7 0 and 1 8 7 6 negot ia t ions were entered into b e t w e e n the French and Brit ish gove rnmen t s for the e x c h a n g e o f the ( i a m h i a for other te r r i to ry in W e s t A f r i c a , hut the proposal aroused such opposi t ion in P a r l i a m e n t and amongs t var ious mercan t i l e bodies in K n g l a n d that the Br i t i sh G o v e r n m e n t felt unable to prcs* the scheme.

I n 1 8 8 8 the ( i a m h i a wan once more separated from Sier ra L e o n e and has e v e r since that da t e been a separate co lony . I n the f o l l o w i n g yea r an ag reemen t was a m r e d at be tween the French and Br i t i sh g o v e r n ments for the de l imi ta t ion of the houmlr ies of (he ( i a m h i a , Senega l , and Casamnnee. but these boundries w e r e not actual ly su rveyed until 1 9 0 . J - 0 6 when a B o u n d a r y Commiss ion carr ied out the w o r k .

I n the meant ime despi te a number o f pe t ty wars the G a m b i a g o v e r n m e n t had boen able to conclude a series of t reat ies wi th the pr incipal chiefs l i v i n g upon the banks o f the r iver . S o m e o f these p r o v i d e d for the cession o f smnll tracts of t e r r i to ry , but the major i ty o f the later treatries confe r red Bri t ish protec t ion . T h e last and most impor t an t of th^se wa* concluded in 1 9 0 1 wi th M u s i M o l l o h , the paramount ch ief of Fu ladu . I n 1 8 9 4 an Ord inance was passed fo r the bet ter administrat ion o f those distr icts , which had not been c e d e d to hut m e r e l y placed under the protect ion o f the Brit ish g o v e r n m e n t . I t was also found that in p rac t i ce it waa not feasible to adminis ter as port o f the c o l o n v isolated tracts o f land I v i n g at a considerable dis tance from the seat o f g o v e r n m e n t . Consequen t ly in 1 8 9 5 and the f o l l o w i n g years ordinances were passed br inging ' a number of these strips o f te r r i tory under the protectora te system of adminis t ra t ion. F i n a l l y b y a P r o tec to ra te Ord inance passed in 1 9 0 2 the who le of the ( i a m h i a wi th the e x c e p t i o n of the Is land o f S t . M a r y was b rought under the protec tora te sys tem.

(ieographji.

T h e C o l o n y , wh ich comprise* the towns of Bathurs t and G e o r g e t o w n and some ad jo in ing land, bus a n u r e a 0 f on]y ^ 9 S q l u m > mi les .

T h e P ro tec to ra te is a narrow strip o f terr i tory a p p r o x i m a t e l y ten k i lome t r e s wide on each bank e x t e n d i n g up the r iver fo r near ly three hundred miles from Bathurst . T h e G a m b i a R i v e r has its source near the v i l l a g e of L a b e on the Fi t ta Ja l lon plateau. I t flows wes tward f o r about 7 0 0 mi les . T h e r ive r is n a v i g a b l e for o c e a n - g o i n g steamers as far as Kuntuu-ur , 1 5 0 miles up r iver , and for vessels d r a w i n g Ic*s than t w o fathoms as fa r as K o i n a — 2 9 2 miles from B a t h u r s t - the easternmost v i l l a g e in the P ro t ec to ra t e , where there is a rise o f t w o f e e t d a i l y wi th the t i de . D u r i n g the rains the upper r i v e r rises some t h i r t y f ee t .

T h e inhabitants of the P ro t ec to ra t e are mos t ly Jo lo f s , M a n d i n k o s , Fulas , and Jo las , nearly all o f whom are M o h a m m e d a n s excep t the last named t r ibe who are pagan , though the M o h a m m e d a n re l ig ion is ga in ing g round amongs t them and, as a result, they are g radua l ly d ropp ing their p r imi t ive customs.

Upper Hirer Province, compr is ing the distr icts o f W n l u K a n t o r a , Sandu and F u l a d u Fas t has an area o f 7 9 0 square miles and a population o f 4 3 , 9 9 9 . T h e g u t t e r number o f the inhabitants are Mat id iukos and Sarahulis with a rather smaller proport ion o f Fu las .

T h e H e a d q u a r t e r s of the P r o v i n c e are situated at Bas-v . which is both the largest town in the P r o v i n c e and o n e of the most important, r i v e r - p o t s h\ the P ro tec to ra te .

T h e Ustriets of Sandu, Kan to ra and W u l i are all relic- of fo rmer nat ive k i n g d o m s .

MavCarthy Island Province consists o f the Dis t r ic t s of Sanu. X i a n i , X ian i j a , U p p e r Sa loum, L o w e r Sa loum, W e s t e r n Xiam'ma, Laa ie rn Nia in iua , X i a m i n a D a n k u n k u , Fuladu W e s t , and M a e C a r t h v Is land. T h e area of the P r o v i n c e is 1,101 square miles and the populat ion 4 1 , 3 3 4 . T h e Headquar t e r s are at G e o r g e t o w n . T h e bulk of the populat ion is J o l o f ate 1 M a n d i n k o .

tioath Hank Province, includes the Dis t r i c t s or W e s t e r n Jar ra . Central Ja r ra , Hastern Ja r ra , Las tern K i a u g , Cent ra l K i a n g , K i a n g W e s t , Fon i Ja r ro l , Fon i Bonda l i , F o n i Kansa la , B i n l a n g - K a r e n a u Fon i Bre fe t , South K o m b o , Eas t K o m b o , Cen t ra l K o m b o . N o r t h K o m b o and K o m b o S t . M a r y . T h e area o f the P r o v i n c e ts 1 , 2 9 4 square miles and the populat ion 6 3 , 3 5 2 . T h e Headqua r t e r s are at Bakau , C a p e S t . M a r y . T h e M a j o r i t y o f the inhabitants ere Mand inkos but there is a la rge number of Fulas Iti the more easter ly Dis t r ic ts whi le the. Foni Dis t r ic ts ere l a r g e l y popula ted by Jo las .

North Hank Province has an area of 8 1 4 square miles and a -population ;,f 3 2 , 9 1 L T h e districts of the P r o v i n c e are L o w e r X i u m i , U p p e r X i i u n i , J o k a d u , L o w e r Baddibu , Cen t ra l Baddibu and U p p e r Badd ibu . O f these the three Baddibu distr icts are predominant ly M a n d i n k o in popula t ion; Jokadu has a m i x e d population o f M a n d i n k o s , J o l o f s and T u k u l o r s \ M o h a m m e d a n F u l a s ) whi le the t w o N i m n i s are main ly m i x e d J o l o f and M a n d i n k a distr icts . T h e H e a d quarters are a t K e r e w a m

Climate.

T h e c l ima te o f the G a m b i a is not heal thy though, wi th be t t e r sanitation and housing, condit ions of l i v i n g genera l ly have g rea t l y improved during recent years . T h e most t r y i n g part o f the yea r is f rom June to O c t o b e r , which is the w e t per iod . D u r i n g the remaining months the c l imate compares favourab ly with that of o ther .tropical countr ies .

Met prolog ica I St a t i*t /V*, 1935.

Cave S T . M A I I Y S T A T I O N .

M o u t h . M e a n A i r T e m p e r a

t u r e .

R e l a t i v e , ILUNI ITI I IV .

R a i n f a l l ( i nches . )

J a n u a r y 72-(5 4.s o - s o

I ' Y h r u a r y 7'2-7 4.*) ;

M a r c h 7\'JJ)

W u l i , U p p e r R i v e r P r o v i n c e o 2 * l 0 „

C h a p t i : k 11. ( J n v k u x a i n x r .

If he m a i n pol i t k m I (I i \ i sin: is < d t he ( i ;i:n I a a r.n 1 tin* ( : > i o i : \ n ia

( i a m h i a ; i i m ! t he P i » » i I i: •'; ' ' -• • i \ , ; :

• 1:- ! h I 1 i : • • I ; a < » a , e I a * - n ] \. • , * a , I ' , . ; a n.:. ; i • ( a . . ; • \ i -! , ; i. : -c C « - M M ! . \ ; : i r : : , i M P>; ; ' - . j ; K < e . ' n il \ ! a • , . ' . d . . ! ' . 11« li v i ' l • • '1 - 1 M ! ' t* 1 I * I V » ' I t i. 1 ! . - * 1 • • n ! ! • ( : • < \ .•; . • < > • ' • ! • • I i \ a K v *•:• • !» i \ < • •. ' a 11 •, | :" ia^• -\ i; I • J ' !,• v ' » . a » ' < . ' • • v

( . v -1»1)"n a > \ \ i f i>' ? a i j ' I * \ • a'a i -! i i a1 ••• • \ 1 : • a c \ ) \ : a . • i - . i d m ! , • • • 1 . . »

v • a m a I n i t ' t • ( ' u ! . i a " . • n w I ' a • i; t! i • 'i i n • < •, ;» 11 • k - in • i J : I - .

'm 11 a l * E { ' e I n • y ' . a ' a ' *F >

\ i ; a l I n c T a a a i M ^ a t l r " s.

J'*i t>!ft'/tf;'»/ii Sif.stril*. - N ^ h l i ! \ \ \ \ - ! »i \ \'\ H ! «|«'«•( I !>| l S ! > | >,\ ;m % h'( i in ii n*;•v

. ' I M ' h l i v - i a i H ' " - " . \ n . l i f i - . i i l \\ i; la id « ! » \ \ n !:iat \ M u 1 1 ; 1 ! a I 1 l a w s a ( a I c : i > ! o m • in ! ' a r c . ' in I !m P i , /, eat j » ! m - I n i l l ' ' Pl-ntia ' t .- . i T i " ' i t n ; i sSi.aii l i . M C

' s i i i K 1 I ' l l i r l a - P n v . i i l a ; : n a - niacin inai-a* : h i - 0 ; - d : n a n a n " . ' i ' l m

^ * ! ' « ! i 11:1. »!«•% • ilt In it ' I ! l In 1 p o w e r s uf i he ( " l i icfs ill t lm ! n | i n , \ i u ^ ! a in- : — % m «°) I . I v x a a v i l n m l I ' l m ' T and H e a d m a n sha l l ] h ) S M ' - s a n d

e x e r r i ^ i 1 —

( (l \ T i l e | » . » \ \ n s n | ' a C n n - m ' N a t ' a (»! ' t h r | » - an - , i n e l . M ' J m g

tll< p o w e i ' n r , j ( j- n r ; !p. S n | , » ,aue

T n , i . : . o . ' a a n . «a' ««i l i . - 1 ( 'niuun^**!'aier. .•! i n S U E H iu.-t: net ion.- a- !a n a " . i r . - m turn ! n l i a i " I < ' " H \ r ! ' . om ( l i e

A (hn in ' s t ra ina .a" n n u n ^ i o u m ' : o ; \ i ) r e - p . - r l n!" r |e a'e ^ o r

< > r d e r > o f I Im S ' I | i ' - i :m ( ' n i i r i . \'v!' e \ a i . i u a t m a . o r tn Hie

( ^ i i i ' S at P a : i:u: f ' ' i ' " x a m i n a i a a i and ( r i a l , o i e \ e r v

| i r r s " ! i ; i c i ' i ; - i I » i a l i v ^ ' iH;i«» n l c U ' " n r e a . n e . S I , E | j ;\a

murdta ' . r n ! ; i . e . - \ - . > ! ; . \ " - d e a ' in : : , w l . e ' l a a o f t l i e l i ' s " oi ;i

d i f f e r e n t L i a d . a>: i i . - ' i a ! l n e i ! ie d u l y o f e \ o r \ H e a d ( d u e l '

a n d H e a d m a n i n I . ! - u tm .ns l e t i d e a \ - o u r t o « ! i s e o v e r ( l i e

a u t h o r s o f al l s i n li o i l e u c c s / f T h e p r o t e c t i o n o f p e r s o n s e x e c u t i n g Chi ld ' s" o r d e r s w a s p r o v i d e d f o r

4 d > y S e c t i o n 3 2 o f t h e O r d i n a n c e w h i c h r e a d s H I v o r y p e r s o n e m p l o y e d

file:///ali/rfile:///-illa_ve

10

" b y a H e a d m a n o r N a t i v e Cour t in c a r r y i n g into effect any o n h v ••lawfully made. shall have t ie 1 l ike protect ion for that purpose as a ••person authorised to execu te Proecs> of the Supremo C o u r t . M

Ord inance N o . 11 id* l N i H was later superseded hy the P r o t e c t o r a t e Ord inance o f 1 M l d and dur ing 1 an advance was made in the administrat ion of the P ro tec to ra t e b y the ena ' I m ' i i t o f the1 N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y and N a t i v e T r ibuna l s Ord inances . < N o s . I) and J o f 1 ! * . ' } : > ) • T h e two ( ) rd inanees . though each d e a U with separate matters o f detai l , are in fact d i rected to one common purpose, the development o f local se l f -government bv the Sey fo lu < H e a d C h i e f s ) and people o f the Protectorate* under tin* adv ice and supervision o f t!:e Commiss ioners A bo represent the G o v e r n o r .

The N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y Ord inance p rov ides for the establishment, and constitution id* N a t i v e Author i t i e s in tin* Pro tec to ra te and p o v i s i o n is made for the continuation of existing* S e y f o l u and A Ikalohi ( H e a d m e n ) as N a t i v e A u t h o r i t i e s .

It defines in far g rea te r detai l than did the P i o t e e i o t a t e Ordinance, I ! ) I o the duties and powers o f Sey fo lu and A l k a h l u in their e x e c u t i v e capac i ty . 11 confers on Native* A u t h o r i t i e s power to issue adminis t rat ive orders dea l ing with a great var ie ty of matters in regard to persons subject to their jurisdiction and also imposes duties in connection with the prevent ion and suppression of c r ime .

T h e N a t i v e T r i b u n a l s Ord inance establishes throughout the P r o tectorate a sysiem o f N a t i v e Tr ibuna l s with defined jur isdic t ion both criminal and c i v i l . It deals with tin 1 j ud ic ia l powers of S e y f o l u and A ikalohi . as ih»- N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y ( ) rd iuam;e deeds with their e x e c u t i v e powers . Sect ions dea l ing with f he removal o f p roceed ings from N a t i v e T r ibuna l s to the* Court o f a Commiss ioner and with the revisory powers of Commiss ioners reproduce in a clearer manner the rules winch gove rned these matters in the. P ro tec to ra te ( ) rdinanee 1!)1. '». O t h e r sect ions also reproduce the law which exis ted under the P r o tectorate* Ord inance l O P b until A p r i l UhV>. A t that t ime this Ord inance was. in v i ew o f the frequent amendments necessitated by the N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y and N a t i v e T r i b u n a l s Ord inances . 19O3, r e -enaeled in a consolidated form.

Commiss ioners no longer sit with N a t i v e Tr ibuna l s , which are now qui te separate from the Cour t s of the Commiss ioners .

T h e administrat ion in the P ro tec to ra t e STILL h inges on the C H I E F ( o r

S e y f u ) and the H e a d m a n ( o r A l k a l i ) tin 1 A l k a l i being responsible to the S e y f u for his town and the S e v f u to the Commiss ioner of tin* P r o v i n c e for his distr ict . Tin* A l k a l i is chosen by tin* people o f the v i l l age and his position is confirmed by the Commiss ioner . H e acts as the representa t ive o f his vil lage 4 in dea l i ng wi th G o v e r n m e n t and personifies the v i l l age communi ty . T h i s is exempl i f ied by the fact that it is the A l k a l i who allots, to those w h o need it, unoccupied land b e l o n g i n g to the v i l l a g e as a c o m m u n i t y . He» is bound b y t radi t ion to seek and to listen to the a d v i c e of the e lder men in the v i l l a g e .

In the event o f disputes ar is ing in the commun i ty which cannot 1m c o m p o s e d b y the fr iends o r relat ives o f the par t ies the A l k a l i , a l though a r m e d with no jud ic i a l powers , is of ten able by v i r tue of )m office t o

11

net successfully as a rb i t ra tor and prevent the mat ter f rom reaching the

point of l i t iga t ion .

T h e S e y f u holds a position part ly established by legislat ion and

part ly inherited f rom the K i n g s of former t imes. T h e Mand inka word

for K i n g ( M a n s a ) is now a p p l i e d only to the G o v e r n o r who is, in

n a t i v e phraseo logy , the ^ K i n g o f JJathurst \ and this l i m i t a t i o n o f the

Avoid reflects the passing o f much of the old k i n g l y p o w e r s . V e t a

g o o d d e a l o f the s tanding a n d a u t h o r i t y of the K i n g s r e m a i n s , e s p e c i a l l y

in c a r e s w h e r e it is p o s s i b l e t o a p p o i n t as S e y f u on*- o f an o l d r u l i n g

f a m i l y . It is n o w the p o l i c y , t h e r e f o r e , t o a p p o i n t such m e n as fa r a*

p o s s i b l e , s i n c e on the a u t h o r i t y i nhe ren t in t h e n t l ice d e p e n d s a g r " a t

part o f t h e S e y f u ' s u t i l i t y a n d p r e s t i g e .

T h e S o v f u is a p p o i n t e d by t he G o v e r n o r on the r e c o m m e n d a t i o n o f

the C o m m i s s i o n e r , w h o has p r e v i o u s l y a s c e r t a i n e d w h i c h o f t he

c a n d i d a t e s has the h o t c l a i m o r c o m m a n d s mos t t h e r e spec t and

o b e d e n e e o f i h e d i s t r i c t . T h i s d i s t r i c t o p i n i o n is b e c o m i n g an i n c r e a s

i n g l y i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r in t he c h o i c e o f a c h i e f , A p a i t f r o m his

g e n c i a l a d m i n i s t r a t i v e d u t i e s and t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f his d i s t r i c t , ( h e

S e x In is u s u a l l y t he P r e s i d e n t o f the N a t i v e T r i b u n a l 2. and

in M K m e a c h N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y m a d e a K u l e u n d e r w h i c h e v e r y

c u l t i v a t o r o f g r o u n d - n u t s in tin P r o t e c t o r a t e is r e q u i r e d to d e p o s i t in

the v i l l a g e s t o r e , a f t e r the w i n n o w i n g o f t he v e a r s c r o p , l b c h u s h e b o f

s e c d u u t s . O l t he a m o u n t so d e p o s i t e d f o u r busln Is a r e r e t u r n a b l e to

the d e p o s i t o r at t i e 1 b e g i n n i n g o f the- next p l a n t i n g s ea son , t h e r e m a i n

i n g bushe l b e i n g p l a c e d in t he v i l l a g e r e s e r v e .

T h e scheme 1 , w i t h the fu l l c o - o p c i a t i o n o f t he S e y f o l u a n d p e o p l e ,

l a s v v o i k e d v e r y w e l l a n d has r e su l t ed in an a d e q u a t e s u p p l y o f seed.

A m p l e s u p p l i e s o f h o m e - g r o w n f o o d - s t u i i s a r c n o w b e i n g p r o d u c e d ,

anal f r o m the s c h e m e t h e i r ha* r e su l t ed a c o n s i d e r a b l e g a i n in m o r a l e

and a more c o n f i d e n t l o c a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n b y S e y f o l u a n d N a t i v e

A u tho r i t ies.

Loral (lortnintcht. In l !Kb) the I h i t h u r s t C r h a n Dist r ic t Counc i l and Board of H e a l t h , f o r m e d in 1 !KH f o r tin* p u r p o s e of adv i s ing

G o v e r n m e n t upon m a t t e r s relating to t h e w e l f a r e o f t h e inhabitants of

Bathurst . g a v e place to the Bathurst A d v i s o r y T o w n C o u n c i l .

T h e consti tution o f the new Counci l is the same as that o f the o l d , mid is made up of representat ives o f the various G o v e r n m e n t D e p a r t

ments most closely concerned in the adminis t ra t ion of Bathurst , o f six

M e m b e r s e lected h y the T o w n W a r d s of Bathurst . and of f o u r M e m b e r s nominated by the G o v e r n o r to represent commerce , industry

or other interests.

M e e t i n g s of the Counc i l are held e v e r y (pun te r . M u c h useful adv i ce

on inat te is affecting the town of Bathurst and its inhabitants has been

tendered to G o v e r n m e n t b y the M e m b e r s o f these Counc i l s both in

their individual and co l l ec t i ve capaci t ies , and the Counc i l serves as a

valuable l ink be tween G o v e r n m e n t and the publ ic .

(LL A T T K U I I I . P O I ' C L A T I ' . J . W

T h e p o p u l a t i o n o l the ( i a m h i a a c c o r d i n g t o ihe IJj.'il C e n s u s \xu<

10ihf;:iO o f w h i c h 14 . : i70 i n h a b i t a n t s n - i d - d o n S i . M a r y ' s I s i a i u l .

The . I s l a n d c o n t a i n s f e w i n h a b i t a n t s o u t s i d e t h e t o w n o l B a t h u r s t .

G e n e r a l l y s p e a k i n g tin* v a i i o m > r a c e s a t e d i > t r i b n t " d t h r o u g h o m 11:

! i . i m ; ;

. V - ' d i

7 s ( i

T o t a l 1 V h i J O

P e o p l e o ; a l l thi 'sc ) ac< s a r e i n c l u d e d a m o n g s t d i e m b a h i i a e t s o f

B a T urst .

"i ' . ; a l - l a i i s t i e s : - < r e c o r d e d in t in 4 I . 1 ol S t . M e n o n i \ , ,i>,

o w i n ; ! o the- i l l i t e r a c y o f t he p e o p l e , t he c o l l e c t i o n o f r e l i a b l e d a t a in

t he P r o t c e l o r a * e is i m p o s s i b l e .

T h e s ta t is t ics in r e spec t o f B a t h u r s t f o r t i e past f i v e y e a r s a r e as

f o l l o w s : —

U n t i l R a l e I m i i no.

Duiit.li U a t . per Inn.

Infant i le Mor t a l i t y (per l.unu l i i r th ,

!c 2 2 7 : ; : ; ! » 2-:5 . > - - i .>•>•> •2- I 2 !2

I :;:; . . .">:)1 •i-w : ; i i s : 2'ti' ... 1 '>• 1 -122 '

I .;.v . . " ,s i ; 2 " 7 4;Y2 : ; - ] s :; 1 U - s

A s r e g a r d s the a b o \ . f i g u r e s it is n e c e s s a r y to s t a t e that w h e r e a s al l

d e a t h s I n k i n g p l a c e in B a t h u r s t a r c r e g i s t e r e d ( c e r t i f i c a t e s o f d e a t h s

a n d b u r i a l s pe i m i l s b e i n g m p u i e d in all e a s e s ) , in s o m e i n s t a n c e s bir ths,

o f i n f a n t s , in p a : t i e u l a r t o i l l i t e r a t e p a r e n t - , a r c not r e p o r t e d .

It is l i k e l y , h o w e v e r , that r e g i s t r a t i o n o f b i r t h s w i l l soon b e c o m e

m o r e accurate* :i> time* g o o * o n since 1 p a r e n t s , i n c l u d i n g i l l i t e r a t e

p a r e n t s , a r e b e g i n n i n g to realise- the* v a l u e o f c e r t i f i c a t e s o f b i r t h t o

t h e i r c h i l d r e n in aelult y e a r s .

• \\K\l Census year showed a hirjje inerensc e>f populat ion. % VX)F> figures based o i es t imated populat ion of 1 t . - l o .

http://Duiit.lifile:////K/l

W i l l i r e g a r d to the i n f a n t i l e m o r t a l i t y r a l e tin f i g u r e g h e n fo r

1!) .V. i- f o r t h e w h o l e o f H a t h m s t : o f the ;>8ea i i ' j . i • m - i m ! a - f o i l - o x * . : — n . ' 1 ! in S< 1 7 in !M;5;5% .'),). o r t o

< d \ e s i c i u i l x h\ h o n d in thai a m o u n t . A i tin e . \ p u e t : o n o f e i g h t e e n

m e m o - !'i o m \ !m d a t e ' \ e m : i ' ' g » ' i ' a m ! >ia o r at " i. • eai l i c r pi i i o d , i i t !••• d e p o - i l o r . not h i \ m g » a o n a • d e - * i i u I •»x • una h ie to su npp : t a i : -

s e | ( d e p a r t s f r o m tin ( i a n l a a . i d - d- p o - : i i- r e t u r m d to l u m .

14

C h a p i k k I V . H e a l t h .

M u c h work must he done before the C o l o n y ean be s tyled hea l thy . In fan t mor ta l i ty figures remain h igh , and there are far too m a n y eases of p reven tab le disease.

T h e p rob lem is l a rge ly one o f proper and efficient sanitat ion, and to this the G o v e r n m e n t is p a y i n g very strict a t tent ion. A M e d i c a l Officer o f I l e j l t h was appoin ted dur ing the y e a r and there were large increases in salutary personnel. F o l l o w i n g on the \ e l low F e v e r outbreak in H K U , several thousand cav i ty -con ta in ing trees w e r e r e m o v e d — a s they were found to be prolif ic breeders OF the A c d c -m o ^ p u t o .

P u b l i c latrines were placed in appropr ia te sites, and inefficient b o u s e to house co l lec t ion of rubbish was replaced by t h e construction o* " la rge concre te Refuse Disposal D e p o t s at various points in Bathurst .

Inc inera tors were erected and worked sat isfactor i ly . Incombus t ib l e refuse was used for s w a m p reclamat ion. Inspectors wore trained in thorough house to house inspection, and

the larval index brought d o w n almost to ze ro . M u c h remains to b e done , but a l ready 1 h e r e i> marked improvemen t . 1 Jiseascs o f the digestive* and respiratory systems remain as fo rmal ly

the most preva len t in Bathurst , there hav ing been o . K i H of the former and 4,1118 o f the latter. {X\\l cases of malaria were h e a t e d at the V i c t o r i a H o s p i t a l . I h e incidence rises rap id ly dur ing the heavy rains o f S e p t e m b e r and remains high until the end of the yea r .

fl here is a steady increase in the number o f cases of t rypanosomiasis — t h e r e be ing (Hh'5 cases treated in Bathurst and 4 2 3 cases in the P r o t e c t o r a t e as compared with ;39o and 2 0 4 in 1 0 3 4 .

T h e r e are in Bathurst a European and A f r i c a n general HOSPITAL ( V ietoria H o s p i t a l ) , an Infect ious Disease's H o s p i t a l , two M a t e r n i t y and Infants W e l f a r e Cl in ics and a H o m e FOR Inf i rm. T h e s e * arc* a l l i n charge OF M i d i c a l Officers and there are Kuropean N u r s i n g Sisters i n the. Kuropean r.nd A f r i c a n Hosp i t a l anel i n the Cl in ics , wh i l e the* service in the P ro tec to ra te consists of a general h o s p i t a l at G e o r g e town and t w o e l ispeusar ie ' s at Basse1 ami Kau-ur .

15

C I I A V I T J I V . l l o r s i x c ; .

T h e 'whole quest ion o f housing i s engross ing ihe aiteaition of ( i o v -eminen t . N e w Bui ld ing Regula t ions are necessary as many of the structures erected are most insanitary and ve ry few are rat proof. A ••onsiderahle deg ree o f o v e r c r o w d i n g exis t s . Much t ime , thought n ami ene rgy vvill have to h e expended before it ca:i b o said that h o u s i n g condit ions are in any wav sat isfactory.

T h e nat ive houses in the P ro t ec to ra t e are g e n e r a l l y circular in *hape and e.onsimeted of wat t le and daub with eonieal grass roofs . In many places there* is distinct improvemen t both in type and const ruetion—but in near ly all eases there is inadequate provision for vent i la t ion.

T h e r e is l i t t le s ign o f an organised lay-out in the v i l lages and huts arc c r o w d e d t o g e t h e r — a condi t ion o f affairs only t o o suitable for ihe spread of disease.

A n organised a t tempt is being made to improve sanitary condit ions in the v i l lages , part icular ly in relation to protection of water supplies and hyg ien i c night soil disposal.

P r o v i n c e

N o r t h Hank P r o v i n c e

South Bank P r o v i n c e

M a e C a r t h y I s l u x l P r o v i n c e

I ' p p e r K i v o r P r o v i n c e

S t , M a r y ' s Island ( B a t h u r s t ) *

P o p u l a t i o n .

:J2.JM i

4 1,3-54

d o j j y y

N o . of Houses or 11Ml;

2 2 , ( i o 2

2 7 , 5 7 0

2 5 , 5 K { >

: i f 177

* Census figures VXU.

C n A r i K i : V I . P M > i > r e T i o x .

T h e ( i a m h i a >' a l m o s t ant i n ! \ d e | o n d e n t u p o n - r o a m d n u t o . h i \ a li »t>

vshieh f o r m s tIm s i a p l e c \ p o r t c n e p . T i m o \ o o » i c r o p , w i i • \ m • -s

i m m fn.u'»«» S i tMi i l e u / . r r a ; s < d m i P r - U »»v \ ! V i ' - i i i I ' a i m - i - . as

! : . , , , M a r x - |s : n a : •! • i o!' I a n oj , - oi -< • t !.a I i. a r- n -1

ii.:ii:< : ; i i • L r i ' a * a a j • . . . • i • - i a i • - . t ; i • ' i I • ! 1 ' o! ; i a > '! i : \ a \ . • > > ( - " ; L!'

. - ,i • • a r i 1 •,«i -»v -.vis. • i- ; a- '•••.», . t11 • • " • ] «I - • " - . , ! ; i r a i, ;» a » i • .

I • i , • a i; 11 - a i ,«< , i i i i N ,i i > a , » ; < a t. inn: ;, 1; • \ : •, , a a a: :; v o I

i •- ; 'i • * : ! a . . | o r 1 •'.• a I < o " - \ » i : 1 , :< a i . t ) v li:1*. i " • > a' •' -s''a j • i '. 1 • • i • •" i;

J ; " •; o ' o i \ a m a - of r» r.'iii \ < - a r i k • . } . • .o ! • , < : .ye

•t- ! o " i i in jwr m o : ^ :..»:ov:s m v _ a , ; : a - u i i i i ' i i i lm L ' - ' i - a a ' l a . - k . L H ^ r i s

\ o : 11" i • -a * a a r«-:is im ! • a1 « \ a m m p . oi j pr, I iv t ic- A g i i mi l i iral P h p a r i m e n t \a ' l i

! m•;11 o a l i i c t r d n - a l l o : ! » • • p Iom ; i i a r c p r o a > i s i n g a A fa\s i n - ^ r c - ' . * I

( iuof- h a \ c M ' l i i c a i t l c in f o r I r a n i i m ; ' .

T i m h m a a g a m i v a i n • o f g ' - o i m d n u l s o \ p o , i o J IV .a n t 1 ; . ' ( ' o ' a i v

c l i i r i m j l l m )a>t w a r - w a c a> f o i l n w s : —

Y e a r . T o n s . I v ,^

l W i . S U o O f i J ^ o

l ! * : ^ :;7l:> l : ; ! .MjJo! i

7 i . s U ! ) ; >s7 . : ; i o ! ! ) : ; . ) - l / i . l i o : w ; s . s s . ;

/ \ a n > 11 o \ p u n i a « | o i- d o a . i;i p a ! m k e r n e l s , i i if 1 < a n « l v v a \ , h i

i ' 5 - ' ) . ! l i e o \ p o r ! > oi l l i c s e c o ; m n o ( | i ! ' n - s w . r c ; —

P a l m K e r n e l s li l o l o o s v a l u e

1 l i . l c s ik ' i j s | |;>s. | t o r , u

\ V a \ ^; . ; . ! )S!) | h s . L . a | 1

T ! i c ! ' ' » !> "in n r ^ i ' i i y i l a n i m a l i n - l u - i r y m ( l i " ( i a m h i a a l f l m u g ! i i( i<

• •-.I l . aaO'o! l i a i i t l a a ' e a r e u -ua ' i v a ' m a ! o * ) . ( s ' ; i ) h -a I oi c i : : ' , ' ia t lm

* ' o r » n \ a m i P r o m < I n \ a i o . A s l lm ( i a m b i a cons i s t s n u i i i l v o\ a n a r r o w

s l r i o o f l e r r i u u ' v on e i t i m r s a l e o f tin* r i v e r and m u c h

7 ~ a

amongst the bonis are numerous. i he ex tens ive French terr i tor ies

surrounding the ( i a inb ia act as a cat t le reservoir for the C o l o n y .

T h e r e is consequent ly a continual inoveinent o f cat t le to ami fro across

;he border a n d t he herd** a r e o w n e d b v individuals on both sides o f the

I o r d e r . A - t h e L e n d e r U -our. 1 r i ' M ) m i l e - hi l e n g t h the- e s t a b l i s h m e n t

o f ; n » \ e f l e e l i v e c o n t r o l o v e r the ura / . ie rs and t h e i n e v e m e n ! o f a n i m a l s

i m p r a c t i c a b l e . 1 ) u r i i . g 1 !K>.'i - n e e I J m 7 h e a d o f a t t i c a r c r e p o r t e d

i o h a \ e d . e d hip of e a t ! le m tie* i i a m i ' i a ib \ • ia» i app< a r t o < ;bt'er in k ind {» *u%» tha t

w h b h o b t a i n s ancmu"-1 o! h< r : : ^ . iu \ \ « si A f r i c a .

I la re .-t) let i \ -p ; a U in; : , no c m j $ n i, t u : i i . mv nc: • h ; p a ud m « v •! ea 11 le a re tea* p r o pe r i v ol h a l A i !ua! . I ' le* ov. m r e* I » - w v e r . - « • ! !n,n l b " p e » \ v » n

*vho g r a / e s : he h e r d a n d e o n \ e i - » iv i h a gr .c / . ior - a d o m o w a ̂ m o i e t han

a l e w h e a d of c r i t i c in t h e he rd w h i c h h e P a a i - . !aii h " b n - a a i b g i v e n

the n r . Ik a n d b n : ! e r a n d a c e r t a i n p r o p o r t i o n «>i d i e e a ! \ e * h o r n . T i n 1

g r a / a r> ; n t h e S o u t h H a n k l J r o \ i n c e a rc i i s i . a l i v d o ! a * . l a l i i e o t h e r

t h r e e I Y o \ i nc . - . p r a c t i c a l h ' a l l t i n * g r a z i e r * a r e K i d a •'.

1 h i r i n g A pri i a ia l M a \ o f P ' . ' l d i h c i ' h m f \ e p a a n a r v i )iii • r of

X iget la r n d the \ i t i r n a r v P a t h o ! e g i - t \ b i t • d I he count rv t«> inv« - t i g a i c

the ^ P u o a m a n d to.it I i t u* a - c h e m e f o d e a i w i t h r m d e r p c - o . A t t h e

c o n c h . ; d o n o f I h e i r \ m ! a n d a* a l e - n i t of i b n m \ e s t ig-a! a m - an

m u m ; u i / . a I ion sehemt . e \ i end nig* o v e r a p e r i o d ol li \ e y< a r- at an e - « i -

matc- i ( M - t o f t b b I I s w a on ! i o r v v a r d . T h i - s c h e m e vv s a n c t i o n e d

hv the S i * r< l a r v o f S t a t e a n d g ' a n t ^ net < \ ci eb l u J/ e m had! o i i ae

to ta l cost a r e b« iuL» m a d e i ' j om the 1 o l e n i a l D e v e l o p m e n t b u n d ,

r i i e . ^ e b c i i . e w a s c o m m e n c e d in N o v e m b e r 1 ! K b ' ) w h e n a \ e l e r i n a r v

t b h e e r w a s a e e o u d e d f r o m t h e . N i g e r i a n \ e l e r i n a » y I d e p a r t m e n t l o r t h e

p e r i o d N o v e m b e r l.i. 'b ' i t o M a v \\K)\. T h e Y e i e r h t ry P a t h o l o g i s t

f r o m that coun t rv a b o p a i d a s e c o n d v i - i t i n N o v e n 1 er and D e c e m b e r

1 SKb'J t o assist in t he p n l i m i n a r v w o r k .

I n O c i o b ' - r l ! b ' ) t . a \ ' e ! e r i n a r v ( • a* w a s s e c o n d e d a g a i n f r o m

N ' u ' c i i a a n d ita^culat i o n - w e r e c a r r i e d out in t he S o u t h H a n k a n d

V a c C u r i h y I s l a n d P r o v i n c e s .

In N o ' V i ' i n b e r 1 !*.*>.">. t he X ' e t e r i n a r v P a t h o l o g i s t w a s ,-ecN i g e r i a a n d c o n t i n u e d t o i n o c u l a t e c a t t l e i n M a c C a r t i r y i - l a n d

P r o v i i i c e .

T i i a ! the c a t t l e o w n e r s a p | r - e i a t c t l i e v a l u e

I S

C l I A V I K II V I L C O M M E K C K .

Imports und K,rports. Lftf/orfs,

T h e i m p o r t s f o r t h e last f i v e y e a r s w e r e as f o l l o w s : —

l : ' : s i . I KV2. \\y\\

X e r e h a u d e > e e r i e

••. ' .Ton

.">. I 11

• I . » < » • . »

! ."..'.•r.C

. O . i t o I S . V J S 7

T h e t o l h o \ iiur l a l a - 1 s h o w ? - t h e p r i n c i p a l M o n g o l i m p o r t s h u m t h e

H r i t i d : K m p i r e an.! f o r m g u c o u n t r i e s f o r t h o v e e r I J ' . ' W

i ' ? . i t ' « | | S r i i i d i K i rig* I* o p | ' « i s - r s

s a o . ( '«Mintrit '^ l O T A !,

A i:. i' u . v Va in- V a l u e , V a l u e U n a a l i l v. Villi

e c

A p p a r e l . I . 7 7 S IS ; ; a : > < > Hags a m i S a n k . . . :>();; : i . s s ; » ri->s l ^ . ' . s ' . i ; ; „ „ . • u a < ; {ft) B o o t s . S h o e s

a m i S l i p p e r s . . . a ; ; • a 7 •1 U » : m •>•• ' . ' 7 S i -»i ,"».7 .*IIS — « ; . s ; , 7 K i t h i - N ' i i i s — ."»i .:».s7 IS ;V>.( I .V» M•>.*'>

19

T h e percentages of British and foreign imports , exc lus ive of s p e r m ,

we re as fo l l ows : —

( 'mmtpv . I .

1 ' n h e i l K i o . ' n m n . . . • »

. < .i .(V.">| ! •ia:\ l a i i N h P o s s e s s i o n s . . . ! i . 1 5 1.VH7 1 (i.lilJ '.i

T«» t ; u - l i r i l i s l i K m p i i v a As '»7.( in » .1.7:. 7 * * »

. f ' m m e

O t h e r C o u n t r i e s . . . • • 1

» r 1

! l . 7 o I \\K\h

'.».nt; < . ~ i in

T « )ta 1 I ' o r o i - m ( n n . i ri s 17 ..sj ;; • > — ) i

f l I.* i o M o W | V o l e s h o w s ! h • C M ' a r a M \ e : » \ i ' I M • . < ' ) • J »

< t h e p i a e i p a l i ' c m - o f i i i j » o r t - f • ^ r 1 u e ! a : a

- — — — — — . . . . • -~ Art r V . !. \ ' 1 a »' i a ;: » i

,i. >• V / * /

C» 't « ! ! ( p r i ' t o l l , » i ! i i, i , , . < . \! I I . 0

( ' < . , . ! | M i ' t o n • } O s 1 • i ~ . . . f ,s I A ' f *

C« "! ( o i j 1 ' j , M e ( U)t 't 1 s

v - i . i > H . ! ) , ! :\ T ! P . i ' i

. *

( V S h U i \ ; ' !•!! m r !!>. «» 1 . * < ) 1. I l l I t.'. . , I ! i i ,

!• I « a i r \ Y h ' a l i i i p- r m v i . n I I . 1 1 1 •) (', | n | ! ) , 1 o s t ) i : .

K o l a X H i S | »e|- c \ v | , 1 I I . «*'» 1 ! ii ! i:>. : A i 1 i *. \ 1 o

( h i s K i l i h l o p . - r o ; , | | . u -J. 0 *> . " • ! ' ) i . *-' • t : i > . ( ) 7

P i c e p r r r \ \ t . o p . • > ;

• ' i 0 7 ! (i 7. I ;• o I 1 t .

Salt p e r torn. \? n. »'; 1 1 » •

I ; ! 11. " ! • V e r Ih. 0 i . 0 t . o 1. ;i o i i) i . *

Tin* e x p o r t s f o r t h e last fix e y i a i r s i n c l u d i n g s juane w e r e as f o l l o w s : —

I'.I;I:'.. R.I;;I . R.I:;;..

ii F . _ . . „ _

M I ' I V L I A N D I S O .727a 11 4«M>.fctJ.U .VI " ) ,20S 4 0 1 . 8 1 9 : , » 9 2 , 7 2 4 S P E D C . . . 2 , 7 0 1 1 9 9 , 0 2 0 5.'J,9()0 1 0 3 , ^ 8 0

T O T A L 5 2 9 , 8 7 2 ( » 0 C , 5 U 5 1 3 , 2 0 8 4 5 5 , 7 4 9 i

4 9 0 , 7 0 4

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T h e f o l l o w i n g tahle shows the pr incipal items of expor t s to the Bri t ish ICmpire and fore ign countries for the year U h l o .

< 1 roundnui Hii Pa lm Kernels. Country.

Tons. Vuliii-. U.S. ; Value . Tons. Value .

V I V M

U n i t e d K i u u d o t n . . . M. .T27 S l I .O lO :>7\ -107 U r t i s h p o s s e s s i o n s • h — --- - -B e l g i u m '.'.!;")! . . . . — D e n m a r k 7('..«;:!-2 — - . — . . . . . . F r a n c e . . . — — T i . n l S o h ; - - • - — (i(M'||);UlV I.2'.''.* U u ' J

H o l l a n d * - — O t h e r < ' o t t n t r m s . . . ;$oi 2.1.V2 — — -

T o t a l s i:».i 10 ,")(i.s.3S7 l . u o o

T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f B r i t i - h and f o r e i g n e x p o r t s . e x « d u - i v e o f s p e c i e ,

w e r e as f o l l o w s : —

VXU. \y.vi. 10:'.:'.. 1 •.';'> 1. • r.»:;.-,.

r: (i / / (

Shipping.

T h e percen tages o f sh ipp ing of var ious nationali t ies for the last

f ive vcars were as fo l lows : —

I \\w\± vx\;i. \;VI o 7 . 2 ^t l .7 . i .T. ' i l o/i.7-1-i

1-VoiM'h L'.T.O 2 I .N !.>.;> 7 \\.\W\

l uuc i i -i.:: 2.7 -J.") 1.7! !..*;>

( i l A P I K i : V I I I . W v o K S A N D C n M f r o m F r e n c h t e r r i t o r y e m or I Jnthut >t

j o t . S t a e i e m p l o \ n m i . U w h i l s t in the I h ot e r t o r a f e u i i i nhm > C I R h r e n e h ])a • t v c > ar« e m n h » v e d h v t h e !oea I la t nn a> i n - o w a ud ha r v e - l in;'; t i e

o 1 1 > i: j , t ] i; i. t n o p . I n l . o l h ea.- tin* m a j o r i t y e l i h c s e i m n o a i ant.«

ie t \ u to t h e t r h o m e - w h e n t la* m a.-on i s o v a ; ,

A* /*/'

T ! n - a l e s o f ] » a v l o r a r t U a u - s n e h an r : o p • nt M>, h l a e k ^ m i t ! i s ? fkt < • . . .av -ou % 111 o i p a i n t e r • r a m / c f r o m n» a d a \ > > h o u r - : ,

I a - k i l L a i l a h o u i v r s ma v he e )e - : - i l h ' d i\r> u h< • a * ; —

; I h o - e «-n a i n o u t ! i : \ ' W a jo* .

• * i tho>e on a d a i i N v ,a t^a a n d

• } i 'a , , i i ! l a o o u n r

• • .» ! M i i h ' O : n l'l » \ ed h y m e l e n m i l e l i l l i e . « - I . m o l l ! h!\ I a ' -» c u m - , a m < n t h ! \

is.-;:" o i *l o i k - , o i » • e • * i n a o d it m i l .

> • ; a i -d> d h d l a ho n ei .- [ ( ,ua .-aid t a r \\ o : hule !a l a a i r is < m p l o \ a d t h e e o n d i i i o n - ( d e m p h o n u n t a r e

M U u l a i i o t l a v e o k i a m h i L i in the ea -e ot t h e 1 ' h e U i h ,-id m e t s r e i e i t i d j o a h o v e .

I n t h e I V o t e r t u r a i e % r i ca* a n d g u i m a - e o r n Form t h e s t a p l e d i e t o f t h e

p e o p h , w h i ' . - l a e o n > i i h in 1 do a n a a m ! oi h r e a d . s u p a r . s:iit a n d lish i -e o n s u n a d . M o r e r i e e is e o u s u m e d in I>a t luu>t e > p e e i a l l v h y t h e

f o r e i g n lal

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l .> : i / ) ' a v e r a g e ; I !U.">

R i c o p e r h a g -a iM o i h s . 2 o / - o -V-

S a i t d m h;im

out la v o f an uuuia r r i ed j u n i o r ( t n v c r n i i r i i l ( ) 11 i * * i: 11 !i \ aim' in ! h* 1 Um t :

S e r v a n t s . . . . . . . . . 7l; i d c l o t h i n g w h i e h is p u r c h a s e d

in E n g l a n d .

M o a t and g r o u n d n u t s a r c s o m e t i m e s s u h s t i t u l e d l o r ti>h a n d i : e o

and tlx* d a i l y o x p e n d i l u r e is t h e n i n c r e a s e d h y a h o n t I d .

T i n 1 a v e r a g e l a h a u r . r s p e n d s v e r y l i t t l e o n h o u - m - i v n t and r l n l h m g —

p r o h a h l v not m o r e than o / - a m o n t h on an a v e r a g e .

T h e eo>t o f l i v ' n g i n i ho 1 V o : < r t < a \ a l e f o r a l a h o u r e r w h o p : o \ i d < a

fo r h i m . - e i r is r a t h e r l e v - Mian in l i a t h i n s t .

T l i c p r i c e s o f f o o d v . u d s a i ' e g n a a ' a l l v h o v e r t han d m - ' i h ' - a d u g

he f o r e t h e w a r . I h e f o l l o w i n g l a U e ; ; i \ e - > m m e \ a m p l e > : —

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2 4

C I I A P T K K I X . K M C A T I O X A N D W K U A U K INS R N I I I O X S .

S i n c e l!)( j ;> I v l u o a t i o n in t h e < i a m h i a h a s b e e n c o n t r o l l e d h y t h e

Pioard o f K d i a a t i o n o f w h i c h the* G o v e r n o r hud h e e n t in ' P r e - i d e m ,

M e m b e r s o f ' b e H o a r d i n c l u d e d the i n n n l i c r s ol ' ' h e L e g i s l a t i v e

( ' ( i m e i h t i i e S r . i ' e r i n i e i a l e u t o f K d u c a t imu ami M i c h o i l i e r i n r i n L r h ,

r o t e x c e c d i m v ; six in nu inbmx a s m i e h t b< - a p p o i n t e d hy t h e ( m a ' a i u i ,

A t t h e e r a ! o r N o v e m b e r , 1 !)."•.>, a s a w K d uea t a n O r d i u a n e e < a m - '

i n t o b » r o " . l i ha• ; b e e n d r a f t e d w i t h a v i e w to p l a c i n g t h e m e t h o d oi '

a - M - s i n e G » a m — i . i - A id on a t n o . e r o g u i a r i . M M b a s i - . m a k m g p i " V ] - i m i ,

i u i t i -e | ;ue> m h L ' d a ! ion in o l ! ' i ( ' o -ou i •' >, l o r t h e t o o re e | ) I E I . | I «

^ a | ( r \ ISI< i; o i t h e w c k o'OTIE u 2 >eh« ' o b . a t a I m a k i n g t h • I >• »a i d * »i

I 'a i u e a l ion a u c ; \ BORV !,I d \ w i (h a w id • r a ml 1 n e r M a m e ! o r e r i l i e i > m

a ia i d :S( i i— a u . i h e n< w P o a i d o i h d u e a i i o n . p p - a h d o v e r b \ t h e

S I; | ID ml ei d - 1.1 ot .Kd uea! i o n . < o i >: A - ol u n a r ep r e sen t a 11 ve I r 'mi * - a e h

I ' l ^ . a u j i o i e d e e a t i e n a l I o d v \NOIK;m: ' m t h e i o i o u v o r I ' m ; . EI« a - a ! e

a j m o ' i i t e d bv ih e h n o b l a a i l " ' l < a e a

b \ i h e S e p ' a . n ; * talent o f fa I uea I NAI a n d JM a d \ : - e u . i a ' M i i i "

t l a a e o i i - to I e E u a 111 a a a i In d i e G o v e r n o r a u v c h a n g e s m i e g , 1 1 : , I j , | } ^

and to m a l e a u v i c p o r i s w h i c h it m a v e o n idi r i K r r ^ m a en m a t : e : <

oi in;; ( c - j i ; < * . ; } \ mo- ed uea 1 lo l l .

T h e la*.e! a d 111 i n i-11 a e» I b y the S u p ( l intc J a ba i l o i i a i ia :? j - a . a

O t h c e r - : n - ( ha t g o o f the A r m i t a g e S e h o o l I'm* t h e s o n s a n d r e l a t i v e s , o f

C h i e f s .

K I e m e n j , i i \ a n d s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n a r e p r o v i d e d b y the M i s s i o n s

\ \ ' \ \ \ \ i h e a id o f ( i n v r n i i i i c i i ! g r a n ' s , a n d a C o m m i t t e e o f l e a d i n g

M o h a m m e d a n s i n n s the M o h a m m e d a n S c h o o l , a n c l e m e n t a r v s c h o o l ,

i l e a ' si h o o b : a re al l a i d e d h v g r a n t s f r o m G o v e r n m e n t w h i c h

m a i n t a i n s n b o a M a n u a l T r a i n i n g C e n t r e ; Jt . i b e P u b l i c W o r k s

D e p a r t i n e n i , T h e r e i> no u n i \ e r s i t \ c d u c a t ' u ) m

T h e r e a r e - i x e|< m e i i t a r y s c h o o l - in I b ; i h t ; r - t w h i c h , i a 1 M.'J/i. h a d a

t o i a l o f l .!Jo'J p u p i l s on t h e r e g i s t e r s ( K b / i O b o s s a n d o()j? g i r ! - t a n d

a n a v e r a g e u t t e m i a n e e o f !>S2. T h e s e sc i iool . - p i o v i d e e d u c a t i o n up to

t h e s e r i a l ! I, s t a n d a r d .

d he re a ; e l o u r s e c o n d a r v s c h o o l s in P a i h u r s t t w o l e r b o \ s a n d t w o

f o r g i r l s , w h i c h a r e m a i n t a i m d b y t h e i ' m . i a u C a t h o l i c and M e t h o d i s t

M i s s i o n s . ' I h e t o t a l n u m b e r s o n t h e r< e j - ! e ' ' s in 1 fj.'io w e r e . ;S b o w s

a n d SS o ir is w i; h a \ a a a g e a t t e n d a n c e s i f a n d r e spec t i \ e l \ \

S c h o l a r s h i p . s t o t h e s e s e c o n d a r y s c b o o U ;o-c g i v e n e a c h y e a r b v t h e

( i o v o r n m e m .

In IJK')() a T e a c h e r T r a i n i n g S c h o o l w a s o p e n e d in IJa thurs t , a n d in

15)?>o t h e r e \\a r e n i n e s t u d e n t s on tie* r e g i s t e r .

In t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e t h e r e is a ( i o v e r n n i c i i t board ing s c h o o l at

G e o r g e t o w n in t he M a t ' C a r t h y I s l and .Prov ince , f o r t h e sons and near

re la t ives o f C l o c f s , with 4 2 o n the regis ter . It is f e l t that i t i o r e c a n

be done to i m p - e v e condi t ions among the P r o t e c t o r a t e peop le b y

2 5

t ra in ing tlie suns of ( l ie rulers and leaders of ( l ie people than by o p e n i n g several small schools which would have only a local effect. T h e M e t h o d i s t Miss ion maintains a small day school in G e o r g e t o w n , and the A u g l i e a n Miss ion two day schools (unass is ted) in the P r o t e c t o r a t e .

A commi t t ee was appointed in 11)32 to d raw tip a revised syl labus fo r use in the Hal hurst e l emen ta ry schools. T h e new syllabus, a f t e r a p p r o v a l by the Hoard of Fd i i cu t ion , came into use on the 1st -January, 15*34, and has it is hoped considerably assisted educat ional progress in the ( i a m h i a .

T h e f o l l o w i n g examina t ions wore held dur ing the yea r : C a m b r i d g e •Junior and P r e l i m i n a r y Kxani inut ions ; Cler ica l S e r v i c e s K x u m i n a t i o n ; E l e m e n t a r y Schools S tandard V I I E x a m i n a t i o n .

Welfare Institutions, efe.

F r e e M e d i c a l T r e a t m e n t is p r o v i d e d at the var ious G o v e r n m e n t H o s p i t a l s and Dispensar ies for those unable to pay fees. A s s tated in C h a p t e r I V the G o v e r n m e n t mainta ins two M a t e r n i t y and Children** W e l f a r e Cl in ics and also a H o m e for the Inf i rm. T h e r e are nr phi lanthropieal institutions nor is there any insurance' scheme for the provis ion of medica l t reatment , e tc . , in the C o l o n y .

Rcerention, eU\

In Huthurst G o v e r n m e n t maintains a public g round ( M a e C a . r t h y S q u a r e ) in which g a m e s are p l ayed by the inhabitants including the school chi ldren. A second public sports ground is to be cons t ruc ted in H a l f D i e , Hathurst . Organ i sed games are conducted by the

-schools, which are a l lowed to impor t f ree of duty all materials requi red f o r sports. Foo tba l l and c r i cke t leagues have been formed by the A f r i c a n residents o f Hathurst . G o v e r n m e n t has also p r o v i d e d t w o concre te tennis courts for their use.

S i n g i n g is taught in all the schools. F r e e concer ts are g i v e n o n c e e v e r y week by the P o l i c e Hand in front of G o v e r n m e n t House , w h e r e the terrace gardens are thrown open to the public . T h e concerts a r e >yell a t tended and are much apprec ia ted by the publ ic .

2 0

C l I A P T B U X . ( < M M l NIC A T I O X S A N D T U A X S P O K T .

Rvtcvnal*

F o r mail services tin* co lony is almost ent i re ly dependent, upon t h e slu i > of Messrs. Klde r lA-nipstcr L i n e s L i d . f ' M m r e . isa rcgula . m o n t l d y service hut olherw -i.se t he mail steamer;- sin 1 i r regular , T h e in te rmedia te ships call ou twards and homewards once in about e v e r v three weeks .

T h e ( i o v e r n n i e n l continued tic* agreement wi th the Deutsche Luff , l l ansa A . G . for the car r iage of airmail hetwcen the G a m b i a and I h i r o p e . T h i s company opera tes a service w e e k l y throughout the year .

T h e company commenced opera t ing their regular t r a n s - A t l a n t i c mail service between Berl in ami Por t N a t a l on the 1st F e b r u a r y , i im.

'Flic ]:orts o f call arc Stut tgar t — M a r s e i l l e — B a r c e l o n a — S e v i l l e — L a s Pahnas—Bathurs t — P o r t N a t a l for Buenos A i r e s .

T h e South A m e r i c a n ports are served hy the C o n d o r Syndicate) and Ban A m e r i c a n A i r w a y s .

T h e L u f t l l a n s a Bathurst estahlishment consists o f n landing g r o u n d at Jcshwaue' , the catapult ship u Schwaben laud \ four f l y ing -boa t s and two airplanes.

T h e mail service to P o r t N a t a l commenced wi th the G r a f Z e p p e l i n and airplanes in al ternate weeks , until Sep t ember , ltJ.14, when the w e e k l y service was carr ied out hy planes on ly .

T h e G r a f Z e p p e l i n normal ly does not call at the in termedia te por t s , but dur ing N o v e m h e r three vis ' t s were marie to the rieshwang a e r o d rome , whi le the ^ S c h w a h e n l a n d " and airplanes wor t ; undergo ing repai r .

T h e ou tward mail leaves S tu t tgar t on T h u r s d a y at 6 a.m. and arr ives in Bathurst on F r i d a y at 1 a.m. ; f o rmer ly the mail watt transferred to the catapult ship ; ' Sehwabenlanr i , " which proceeded t o sea and after .'$(> hours' s teaming catapulted off a f ly ing boat . N o w i t is possible to effect the t rans -At lan t ic crossing d i rec t from Bathurs t , and the mail reaches South A m e r i c a on F r i d a y at 8 p .m.

T h e homeward mail plane leaves port N a t a l on F r i d a y , a r r i v ing in Bathurst on Sa turday morn ing . T h e mail is then transferred to a land plane which leaves Bathurst on Saturday morn ing and arr ives in •Stuttgart on Sunday afternoon*

Hat hurst Harbour.

T h e l l a r h o u r of l ia thnrs t is l imi ted by the coast of S t . M a r y ' s I s land and a line d rawn parallel thereto at. a distance of three mi l e s f rom G o v e r n m e n t H o u s e to the entrance of M a l f a C r e e k .

Bathurst is a deep water harbour. A n c h o r a g e s offshore v a r y f rom 9 to 1 4 fa thoms. T h e harbour is c o m p a r a t i v e l y shel tered e x c e p t dur ing tornadoes which arc of a short durat ion a n d which occur in d u l y and O c t o b e r . T h e r e is sufficient wa te r a t t h e en I anee for vessels of 2 7 feet draf t to enter the harbour .

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2 7

Government . W h a r f has been rc-constructeri; the wooden d e c k i n g h a v i n g been replaced by fer ro-conere te , underwater piles have been ref i t ted, and an up-to-date system o f rails installed wi th t w o 2\ ton pet ro l cranes. T h e T n head of G o v e r n m e n t W h a r f is 221 feet long , w i t h a depth o f 1 (j feet alongside. T h e r e are e leven other wharves which are from 10!) to 200 feet in length , with an a v e r a g e depth o f abou t 1 1 feet .

T h e tidal streams turn about 1;] hours after h igh and low water b y the shore ; their s trength is considerable , but varies f requent ly wi thout a n y apparent cause. D u r i n g the e b b stream considerable swi r l s somet imes occur at springs dur ing, and immedia te ly af ter , the ra iny season.

T h e harbour and approaches are well l ighted by a light vessel, buoys , and l ight structures.

Infernal.

Hirer Transport.

T h e .River ( i a m h i a is nav igab le for o c e a n - g o i n g v e s s e l s oT not more than 12 feet draf t , as far as G e o r g e t o w n , 17G miles from Ilathurst . At Kunlau-ur , 150 miles from Bathurst , an o c e a n - g o i n g vesse l can load t o a max imum draf t o f 1 9 feet . Vessels not e x c e e d i n g (I IV e t inches in draft can proceed above G e o r g e t o w n to F a t f o l o , 2SS miles f rom Ilathurst , whilst launches and small boats can nav iga t e as far as K o i n a , 202 miles f rom Bathurst,

D u r i n g the t rad ing season, groundnuts are brought down the r i ve r in ocean-go ing vessels, steamers and l ighters . Gut ters are e m p l o y e d to a large extent in transporting groundnuts from creeks and small por ts to transit stations where deep -wa te r vessels can load.

J\Iurine Department*

A regular passenger and ca rgo se rv ice is maintained by the G o v e r n m e n t steamers " P r i n c e of W a l e s ' (-100 tons) and u L a d y D e n h a m " (2.30 tons ) . T w o G o v e r n m e n t l ighters u V a m p i r e 1 ' ( 1 7 0 t o n s ) and " J e a n M a i . r e l " ( 1 7 4 tons) are also ava i l ab le for addi t ional c a r g o e s ; the la t ter is se l l -propel led .

T h e steamers call r.c 27 ports ou tward and homeward when p roceed ing to Baese ( 2 4 2 mi les ) and 32 ports when ca l l ing at Fa t t n to ( 2 8 8 m i l e s ) . T h i s ensures communicat ion wi th all ports in the P r o t e c t o r a t e tw ice w e e k l y d in ing the t rade season f rom N o v e m b e r to M a y . A fo r tn igh t ly or month ly serv ice is main ta ined for the remainder of the yea r .

Stat ist ics r ega rd ing the f re igh t and passengers carried by the M a r i n e D e p a r t m e n t are as fo l lows : —

1033 11134 1 ? & L _ Passengers carr ied . . . 9,125 7,791 10,057 Cargo ( tons ) . . . 4,403 5,301 4,211 K e v e n u c f r o i n passenger

traffic . . . £ 3 , 0 3 6 . 0 . 0. £ 2 , 7 9 5 . 1 2 . 7. £ 3 , 5 0 1 . 13. 7. K e v e n u e f r o m f re igh t . . . £ 3 , 7 8 7 . 7 . 0 . £ 3 , 7 0 9 . 1 0 . 1 . £3 ,837 . 14. 7.

' « 8

T h e ref i t t ing of G o v e r n m e n t steamers and of vessels b e l o n g i n g to firms was carried out b y the M a r i n e S l i p w a y and E n g i n e e r i n g W o r k s . T h e workshop is fitted with modern equ ipment and is capab le o f c a r r y i n g out repairs and refits to vessels o f 400 tons gross—the tonnage of the largest r ive r s teamer at present in the ( Jambia .

T h e M a r i n e D e p a r t m e n t also maintain and run launches which are ma in ly used for the conveyance o f G o v e r n m e n t Officials in the P r o t e c t o r a t e and for harbour services at Hathurst.

Ferries,

Passenge r and vehicular ferr ies , installed by G o v e r n m e n t in connect ion \s\\h the road system pl ied at the f o l l o w i n g points : —

K e r e w a n ( R o a d N o . 2 ) Hruincn ( connec t ing R o a d s N o s . 1 & 3 ) La in in K o t o — M a e C a r t h y Is land Sanknl ikunda — "MacCar thy I s l and Bansang \ Pas se F a t t o t o

Kau-u r—Jessad i

•ontinuation o f R o a d N o . 2 .

B e t w e e n Hathurst and J Jarra a regu la r fe r ry serv ice is maintained l>y a p r i v a t e firm which rece ived a subsidy of £ 2 0 0 f rom G o v e r n ment in

Moods*

T h e r e are four trunk roads : N o . 1 • J i a th tus t - t r e swang-Abuko-Lamin-Yundun i -Br ikama- -

K a f u t a - N ' D m i b a n - B w i a m - H r u m e n F e r r y . m i l e s ) . N o . 2 . R a r r a - B c r r e n d i n g ( B a n t a n d i n g ) - D a s i l a m i - K e r e w a n

F e n y - S a b a - H a n n i - N M a k u n d a - l l l i a s s a . ( 6 2 m i l e s ) . N o . 3 . I l l i a s s a - I v a t c l u i n g - K o n k o b a - K w i n e l l a - d a t a b a -

B r u m e n F e r r y . ( 2 2 | mi l e s ) wi th a branch eastwards at t la taba to Sandeng and the F r e n c h boundary, ( 2 £ tniles ) •

N o . 4 . Ran t mding (s i te of old v i l l a g e on trunk road N o . 2 ) to the French boundary . ( :{ m i l e ) .

I n addi t ion there is a secondary road running from llliassa via B a l i a o g h a r , K a u - u r and Kun tau -u r to Bansang F e r r y where it connects with the secondary road on the south bank running from K w i n c l l a , ( o n trunk road N o . 3 ) to K u d a n g , Hansang, Basse and F a t toto.

T h e r e are also a number o f secondary f eede r roads to the var ious r i v e r ports in the P r o t e c t o r a t e .

T h e total mi leages o f secondary and feeder roads in each P r o v i n c e a re a p p r o x i m a t e l y as fo l lows : —

N o r t h Bank P r o v i n c e . . . . . . 116 m P \ s South Bank P r o v i n c e . . . . . . 1)5 „ M a c C a r t h y Is land P r o v i n c e . . . 280 „ U p p e r R i v e r P r o v i n c e . . . . . . . 200

. £9

Postal Scrrices.

Alai ls uro c o n v o y e d by G o v e r n m e n t r iver steamers w e e k l y dur ing the d ry season and fo r tn igh t ly or month ly du r ing the rainy season. T r a v e l l i n g Pos t Offices are established on these boats and all classes o f postal business are transacted at the ports o f cal l . T h e G e n e r a l P o s t Office is at Bathurst and Di s t r i c t P o s t and W i r e l e s s Offices are established at G e o r g e t o w n , Basse and Kun tau -u r . T h e Kun tau -u r office is (dosed dur ing the rainy season ( d u n e to O c t o b e r ) .

T h e total number o f let ters , postcards, papers e tc . , deal t wi th dur ing 1 9 3 5 was 2 2 2 , 1 7 1 — a n incru.se of 3 3 , 1 5 6 o v e r the preceding yea r .

Pa rce l s dea l t with dur ing the y e a r numbered 3 . 9 1 1 as compared wi th 3 , 469 in 1 9 3 4 . In addi t ion , 1 , 3 7 3 small postal packets were deal t wi th .

1 1 , 0 7 9 airmail letters w e r e despatched and 4 , 8 7 5 were rece ived d u r i n g the y ar.

A l o n e v & Posta l O r d e r statistics are as fo l lows : — 1 9 3 4 1 9 3 5

£ £ A l o n c y Orde r s issued & paid, value 1 6 , 8 8 1 1 7 . 5 3 6 R e v e n u e d e r i v e d from A l o n c y Orders 1 2 1 1 0 4 P o s t a l Orde r s issued & p a i d ' 6 . 4 6 5 7 , 0 3 3 K c v e n u e d e r i v e d f rom Pos ta l Orde r s 5 3 6 1

T h e total revenue de r ived from the Pos ta l Se rv i ce s in 1 9 3 5 was £ 6 , 7 8 5 as compared wi th £ 1 , 5 3 6 in 1 9 3 4 . T h e grea te r part o f the revenue o f 1 9 3 5 was d e r i v e d from the da te of j ub i l ee stamps to-philatel is ts .

Telephone Service.

A 2 4 hour*' service was sat isfactori ly mainta ined in Bathurst and a t G a p e S t . A l a r y , the total number of subscribers, exc lus ive of extensions., be ing 9 5 . T h e total va lue o f the service was £ 6 3 8 , o f which amount £ 4 4 0 represented the value o f f ree service to G o v e r n m e n t D e p a r t m e n t s .

Wireless Serrice.

T h e r e is no land line te legraph system in the ( i a m h i a but internal communica t ion is maintained by four wireless stations established at Bathurst , Kuntau-ur , G e o r g e t o w n and Basse, »-cspectively.

T h e station at Bathurst has a range of 1 0 0 0 miles and communi cates wi th ships at sea and wi th D a k a r . Press from B u g b y is rece ived d a i l y . T h e other three stations are pure ly for inland work and have a transmission range of 2 5 0 miles.

T h e total revenue de r i ved from the wireless service in 1 9 3 5 w a s £ 8 7 1 inc luding £ 3 5 9 in respect of G o v e r n m e n t messages. T h e cor respond ing figures for 1 9 3 4 were £ 8 3 4 and £ 3 1 6 respec t ive ly .

Te leti raph (ya b fes.

T h e Kas tc rn T e l e g r a p h C o m p a n y L t d . , has a station in Bathurst and cables run to S ie r ra L e o n e to the south and St , V i n c e n t to the north

http://incru.se

3 0

ClIAVTEIt X I . B A N K I N G , C U R R E N C Y , W E I G H T S & M E A S L K E S .

Bunk.

T h e on ly B a n k in the C o l o n y is the B a n k o f Br i t i sh W e s t A f r i c a wh ich has a S a v i n g s B a n k fo r small deposi tors . T h e ( J o v e r n m e n t has also a Pos t Office S a v i n g s B a n k , the rate o f interest be ing 21 pe r cent per annum. A t the . l i s t o f D e c e m b e r 1 9 3 5 the deposi ts amoun ted to £ 3 , 3 2 0 in respect o f 1)81 deposi tors .

Currcmy.

T h e cur rency is Brit ish W e s t A f r i c a n a l loy and n icke l -b ronze coins o f denominat ions 2 / - , 1/-, fid, 3d , l d ? & - id ; and Brit ish W e s t A f r i c a n cur rency notes o f 2 0 / - t £ 2 l 8 J i 7 2 . a t the end o f the p rev ious v c a r . ti

IVeUthis and Measures.

Standard we igh t s and measures ( A v o h d u p o i s , T r o y , I m p e r i a l measures o f capac i ty , l e n g t h and su r face ) sire prescr ibed by the W e i g h t s and Measures Ord inance , of 11)02 and arc k e p t b y the ( J o v e r n m e n t . T h e Commiss ione r of P o l i c e is the In spec to r o f W e i g h t s and Measures and is assisted b y a number o f D e p u t y Inspec tors amongst w h o m are ineludeu the Commiss ioners o f the P r o v i n c e s it) the P ro tec to ra te .

ol

C H A P T E R X I I . P R N U C W O R K S .

T h e P u b l i c W o r k s D e p a u : tent>s responsible for the execut ion o f the | ) u 1 > 1 i * * w o r k s in the C o l o n y and the P r o t e c t o r a t e f o r which provis ion is made in the Annua l Est imates and for THE maintenance* o f all ( Jove rnmen t bui ldings and proper ty entrusted to the D e p a r t m e n t .

T H E Eng inee r ing S ta f f consists o f the D i r e c t o r o f Pub l ic W o r k s , the Assis tant D i r ec to r o f P u b l i c W o r k s , t w o C l e r k s o f W o r k s , Mechan ica l Fo reman , t w o Elect r ica l F o r e m e n , and two A f r i c a n F o r e m e n of W o r k s . Tin* S t o r e s ami A c c o u n t s S t a f f consists o f an Accountant , and nine A f r i c a n C l e r k s .

In addit ion the Depar tmen t operates the e lec t r ic l igh t and p o w e r services compr i s ing some 42 miles o f dis t r ibut ion mains, the ieo m a k i n g plant , the A l b e r t Market , r e f r ige ra t ing plant , the Hathurst W a t e r w o r k s , the tire protect ion plant and the ( Jovernment m o t o r transport service .

R o a d s , streets, tram lines and the G o v e r n m e n t W h a r f in Hathurst are maintained by the Depa r tmen t and in the Protectorate , the main road from Hathurst which branches to C a p e S t . M a r y and to the K o m b o X o i t h and Cent ra l Dis t r ic t s , and certain other trunk roadn are s imilar ly main ta ined . A c t i v i t i e s dur ing 1 9 3 5 : —

(a) M A I N T E N A N C E . ( E x p e n d i t u r e £ 1 2 , 9 7 7 ) .

Bat hurst Water Supply.

T h e total number o f gal lons pumped at the A b u k o Stat ion during-1 9 3 5 was 5 1 , 7 8 7 , 0 0 0 gal lons .

T h e rates cha rged are as fo l lows : — Genera l W a t e r K a t e . . . . . . ( K % on rateable v a l u e ) . W a t e r S u p p l y rate . . . £ 2 per annum. •Supply rate to vessels . . . . . . l / 4 d . per 1 0 0 gal lons . M e t e r rate . . . . . . . . . 1 / (hi . per 1 , 0 0 0 ga l lons . W a s h i n g out g round nut stores . . . JL2 1 0 / - per hour.

Revenue 1935 :—

Genera l rate . . . Supp ly rate . . . Supp ly to vessels M e t e r rate W a s h i n g out g round nut stores

£ 0 3 2 1 5

1 4 1 1 0

1 2 2 1 8

8 0

1 3 2

6

8

8

5

0

£ 9 1 8 1 3 9 .

W a t e r supplied to tin; f o l l o w i n g motored consumers was : — K . W . A . F . F . . . . 1,"> 1 :},.>.">() < . u i | „ n s .

Prison . . . 2 : i O , ( > 2 2 Botanical ( i a n l c n s , C a p o S i . M a r y . . . H O D ^ / i U C o o l i n g IMaiit, A l l t e r t M a r k e t , Uatiiurst . . . :i.">8,(».32

2 ,071 ,474 ga l lons .

Electric Liijht and Power Services.

T h e P o w e r Sta t ion is situated in the centre o f the T o w n of Bathurst and the1 g ene ra t i ng plant consists of four solid injection h e a v y oil engines d r i v i n g d i rec t coupled al ternators , 2 x 1 0 0 K . W . , 1 x 50 K . W l , and 1 x 2 5 K . W . T o t a l 2 7 5 K . W .

S y s t e m A . C .1 Phase 4 wire 5 0 per iods . Consumers v o l t a g e 230 l i gh t i ng , 4 0 0 power .

F e e d e r and distr ibutors overhead cab l e . N u m b e r o f p r iva te consumers 2 3 1 , an increase of 2 2 dur ing the y e a r . Supp ly commenced June 1 9 2 6 . T o t a l units genera ted 1 9 3 5 , 3 j 9 , 8 0 O . M a x i m u m load recorded 1 0 4 K . \ V . T o t a l connected load 5 4 9 K . W . T o t a l motors connected 2 7 4 I-i. I I . P . P u b l i c l igh t ing 3 5 0 gas tilled lamps. T h e low tension ne twork supplies and l igh ts some 9 / mi les o f streets

in Bathurst , supplies a 3 0 I v . V . A . t ransformer at the north end o f the t o w n — t h e v o l t a g e be ing s tepped-up to 3 , 3 0 0 vo l t s and c o n v e y e d b y overhead cable to C a p e St . M a r y 8 miles a w a y , where it feeds a 1 5 K , V . A . s t epped-down transformer which supplies a l o w tension ne twork of about 2 miles . V o l t a g e 2 3 0 l i gh t ing , 4 0 0 p o w e r .

annual report of the colonies. gambia 1935...all pricea are net. tkoae in brackets include postage....

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