Annual Report

2010-2011Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

GPO Box 1047 ADELAIDE SA 5001

Telephone: +61 8 8222 9311

Facsimile: +61 8 8222 9399

Copies of the report are available from:

www.environment.sa.gov.au/botanicgardens

Telephone: +61 8 8222 9451

ISSN 0728-7704

ISBN 978-0-9807021-5-6

ABN 36 702 093 234

connecting plants • people • culture Annual Report of the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

2010–2011

Palm House - Photographer Grant Hugo

Contents

Letter of Transmittal 1

Presiding Member’s Foreword 2

Director’s Report 4

Three Great Gardens and State Herbarium 6

Corporate Governance 7Role, Vision and Mission 7

Principles 7

Legislative Responsibility 7

Functions and Objectives 8

Board Membership and Organisation 8

Contribution to South Australia’s Strategic Plan 2008 9

The Board’s Strategic Plan 2009-2012 10Sustainability 11

Health & Wellbeing 13

Collections 15

Biodiversity 22

Connecting People 26

Human Resource Management 31

Our Partners 32

Reconciliation Statement 34

Mandatory Reporting 35

Financial Report 36Financial Performance

Auditor’s Opinion

Certification of Financial Reporting

Annual Financial Statements

Appendices 61Appendix 1: Publications 61

Appendix 2: Research Collaborations 62

Appendix 3: Scientific Grants 64

Appendix 4: Research Students 65

Appendix 5: Organisational Chart 67

Appendix 6: Staff List 68

Appendix 7: Visitor Numbers 70

Appendix 8: Friends of Botanic Gardens of Adelaide Inc Report 74

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Letter of Transmittal

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There is no doubt about the place of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens in the hearts of South Australians. With 1.8 million visitors a year, it is the most popular of the state’s cultural institutions.

Of course, the landscape is central to the visitor’s experience. In this, the silent work of planting, maintaining and growing is unrelenting across all three Gardens—Adelaide, Mount Lofty and Wittunga. That’s the nature of life in our Botanic Gardens.

But our much-loved Gardens are more than places for people to look at and be in. They are means by which we can explore—and potentially answer—the challenges with which we are confronted. Presented as five themes in Gardens for Life: Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium of

South Australia Strategic Plan 2009–2012, our key challenges are sustainability, health and wellbeing, collections management and connecting with people.

For many of us directly involved in the Gardens it is incredibly rewarding to see projects come to life, a number of them igniting an all-important passion for gardens and awareness of their role in sustaining life. And, of course, the behind-the-scenes work of the State Herbarium in data capture and digitisation is giving universal online access to information about South Australia’s plants, providing a rich resource for botanical and environmental research, education and community interest.

The final touches made to the external façade of the Santos Museum of Economic Botany brought to a close the restoration of one of the Garden’s treasures, and ushered in an exhibition program that consistently demonstrated to the community the importance of plants to our way of life—past, present and future. Additionally, the completion of the Western Entrance, with its signature Ginkgo Gate, brings an urban refuge closer to more city workers. The Garden of Health is another project and a living demonstration of how plants have been part of healing for thousands of years.

Throughout the year the Botanic Gardens continued to deliver positive and powerful environmental messages to school students, with up to 50 000 visiting and taking part in activities. World Environment Day alone attracted 1500, and the Garden’s dedicated educational program is now a

fixture on school calendars across the state. The First Creek Wetland project now under way will not only contribute to Adelaide becoming a water-sensitive city, but also offers unrivalled opportunities for real-life environmental experiences and learning.

All-important taxonomic, genetic and ecological research continued to make a significant contribution to a more botanically sustainable future throughout 2010–2011. The State Herbarium achieved the impressive milestone of 700 000 specimens recorded in the database (of more than one million specimens); 12 805 of them recorded this year. Further, it made significant contributions to Australia’s Virtual Herbarium, the primary resource for research on the classification and distribution of Australian flora. In late October 2010 seed hunters from the SA Seed Conservation Centre took advantage of widespread rains in the outback and found some rare plants, adding to their already significant collection toward safeguarding threatened plants from extinction.

The Kitchen Garden program is centred on building an understanding of food and our relationship with it, and the challenges of food production and food security. It also opens up delightful opportunities for the community, especially children, to reconnect with nature and the environment around us. The Kitchen Garden Initiative Steering Committee, made up of representatives from many facets of the food industry, is guiding the program.

Our considerable achievements in all three of our Gardens and in the Herbarium throughout 2010–2011 were made possible through the dedication, hard work and support of many.

I make special mention of two people who, I am delighted to say, were given richly deserved recognition in the 2011 Queen’s Birthday Honours List. On behalf of the Board, I extend congratulations to Dr Christopher Laurie, Deputy Chair of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation, who was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia for service to the community and his tireless support of the Gardens; and Botanic Gardens Board member Anne Levy, who was awarded the Office of the Order of Australia for distinguished service of high degree to Australia and humanity at large.

Presiding Member’s Foreword

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The Board values the support of the Friends of the Botanic Gardens, Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation, volunteers and honorary associates; the ongoing support and generosity of our donors and sponsors; and the industry, government and community bodies that make an important contribution to various committees. Special thanks to Mr Allan Holmes, Chief Executive, Department of Environment and Natural Resources and Hon Paul Caica, Minister for the Environment and Conservation for their continued support and investment in the Gardens and State Herbarium. I extend my appreciation and deep thanks to Mrs Ruth Hemmerling, immediate past Chair of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation and Mrs Helena Jenkins, President of the Friends of the Botanic Gardens for their commitment and tireless support for the Gardens. Special thanks also to retiring Board members Mr Ian Little and Mr Jim Kouts, who have made significant contributions to the Board of the

Botanic Gardens and StateHerbarium during a period that has seen the revitalisation of the Gardens and Herbarium and important milestones achieved in policy, planning, business, education, cultural programs, conservation and research across the three Gardens and Herbarium; and to Mr Stephen Forbes, Director of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium; and staff. Each and every one has played an invaluable role in another successful year for the Gardens.

Judy Potter

Presiding Member Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

Santos Museum of Economic Botany

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Botanic Gardens are extraordinarily important. It is not overstating it to say they have changed the world or that the very future of our planet is in their hands.

Botanic Gardens, like art galleries, museums and libraries are collections-based institutions. Botanic Gardens, of course, are plant based; but it’s in how we apply the knowledge and scholarship associated with our living and preserved collections that we fulfil our deeper purpose.

In this, the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and State Herbarium is guided by its Strategic Plan 2009–2012, which sets out clear directions for collections development and for the themes and messages to be communicated. Above all else, it gives us an environmental leadership mandate; in particular, helping our community learn about and tackle the challenges associated with water, energy, food security and the conservation of ecosystems and landscapes.

It is worth reflecting on history here to help interpret the contemporary role of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and State Herbarium and our potential to change the world. Over the past year, our endeavours have come together in a number of landmark projects (both completed and under way) and achievements of the State Herbarium in building on its collection and making more of it available, providing immediate access to a wealth of South Australian plant specimen data for scientific research into the issues of our times.

As far back as the 16th century, Botanic Gardens were established to support teaching in medical schools, using plant collections to provide the foundation for pharmacology. This contribution of Botanic Gardens to medicine during the Renaissance is the first real illustration of how Botanic Gardens have changed the world.

Our new Garden of Health demonstrates this historical contribution and how plants have been used to heal and promote health and wellbeing over thousands of years. The garden is planted with more than 295 plant species researched and sourced for their capacity to heal the body, mind and spirit. The allied Kitchen Garden Program promotes health and wellbeing through the sheer joy of nurturing, harvesting, cooking and sharing home-grown vegetables, herbs and fruit.

In keeping with our wider purpose to connect with people and to educate, the Garden of Health provides opportunities for exploration and learning through interpretive signage and integration with educational programs for schools. And the same for the Kitchen Garden Program, which is increasing understanding of food and the challenges associated with food production, food security and the role of plants—as fresh food—in health and wellbeing.

The role of Botanic Gardens in establishing and promoting a universal system for naming plants during the Age of Enlightenment is another instance of how Botanic Gardens have changed the world. In the 21st century, the State Herbarium continues the work to add new specimen records to database its ever-growing collection, and update existing records to reflect changing knowledge. In so doing, the Herbarium validates its standing as the authority in the state and the prime resource for plant research and knowledge that is increasingly important to finding ways to sustainably manage our flora. Its collaborative involvement in national initiatives, such as Australia’s Virtual Herbarium, takes this foundation role for taxonomic research, including bioprospecting, nationally and globally.

In this regard, the State Herbarium initiated the Grass Barcoding of Life Project (GrassBol) to coordinate national and international efforts to obtain DNA barcodes for all of the world’s grasses. In 2010–2011 more than 1500 DNA sequences, comprising 300 grass species, were added to the Barcoding of Life Database (BOLD). This stands alongside some success in extracting and sequencing DNA from ancient woody tissue as part of Tree Barcoding of Life (TreeBol), which feeds into the International Barcode of Life (iBOL) project. Seaweeds were another focus for DNA barcoding projects, with work progressing to track invasions and climate-mediated shifts in species composition.

In 2010–2011, work progressed for online publication (in the form of family treatments) of the fifth edition of the Flora of South Australia, with 10–15 families scheduled to be available by late 2011. This fifth edition will include 1000 new taxa since the 1986 edition, which included 3639 taxa. The Flora forms the basic taxonomic work on the plants of South Australia on which many other researchers, agencies and the community rely.

Research into the marine algal flora of the Great Australian Bight and surveys of the flora of the Great Barrier and Ningaloo reefs were highlights of work undertaken during the year to advance the store of knowledge of plant, algal and fungal biodiversity. In a landmark project, fact sheets of all species contained in the six volumes of The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia were made available online.

In its efforts to preserve native plant species, the SA Seed Conservation Centre added 3.3 million seeds to the more than 175 million it has collected from more than 1400 native plant species, including 59% of the state’s threatened plant species. In joining the Millennium Seed Bank Project in 2003, the Gardens became one of more than 50 countries working to conserve 10% of the world’s flora by the end of 2010.

Director’s Report

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In a joint initiative of the State Herbarium and the University of Adelaide, a Chief Botanist was appointed to develop collaborative and strategic partnerships with government and research institutions and lead the dedicated team of staff to ensure the State Herbarium’s research program and collections remain at the forefront of botanical research institutes.

Investment in environmental reconciliation and landscape restoration, of which the First Creek Wetlands project is a shining example, opens up opportunities to connect the community to the fundamental importance of water—for people and the environment as a climate-change related issue. Within seven years it is expected that this wetland and aquifer system will completely replace the use of mains water to irrigate the Garden, saving around 100 megalitres of water a year.

Its educative role will be widespread, and workshops will be designed around school curricula. The new gross pollutant trap across the creek will prevent significant litter and debris entering our waterways, with educational spin-offs restricted only by the imagination.

In 2010–2011, the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and State Herbarium again lived up to its accreditation by the American Association of Museum as a ‘truly outstanding ‘museum’. A place where research flourishes and education thrives to prepare us for the challenges ahead and again change the world.

I extend thanks to the Hon Paul Caica, Minister for Environment and Conservation; Ms Judy Potter, Chair of the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium and Chair of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation; and Mr Allan Holmes, Chief Executive of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources for their ongoing support. Our achievements over the past year are attributable to the unwavering dedication of the Gardens’ community, including staff, volunteers, the Friends of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide, the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation and our sponsors who all generously contribute to the Gardens in so many ways. For their commitment to the Gardens over recent years, I particularly thank Mrs Helena Jenkinson, President of the Friends, and Mrs Ruth Hemmerling, immediate past Chair of the Foundation.

Stephen Forbes

Director, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

SA Water Mediterranean Garden

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Three Great Gardens and State Herbarium

Adelaide Botanic GardenThe best known of the three Gardens, Adelaide Botanic Garden is one of the state’s most loved cultural institutions. Established in 1885, the Garden has developed with the city, to become a rich source of leisure, tourism, cultural, educational and scientific opportunities. Situated on 20 hectares, the Garden has significant cultural heritage values, and is easily accessible from the city centre. It is part of the North Terrace cultural precinct; is in close proximity to the state’s other major cultural institutions; and is part of the Living End Precinct, along with the Adelaide Zoo and Botanic Park. The 26 hectares of Botanic Park were established in 1870 as an arboretum. Today it is a significant heritage landscape and an established venue for major events, family reunions and picnics.

Mount Lofty Botanic GardenMount Lofty Botanic Garden is devoted to the cultivation of plants from cool temperate parts of the world. The Board purchased the estate of Thomas S Backhouse in 1952. Then, it was thick with re-growth Stringy Bark forest and Radiata Pine plantations. A significant development program established landscaping, visitor amenities and the cool-climate collections before the garden opened to the public in 1977. The Garden now occupies 97 hectares and its collections of magnolias, rhododendrons, ferns and the ATCO Heritage Rose Garden are now a major Adelaide Hills tourist attraction.

Wittunga Botanic GardenAn intimate and beautiful garden on 14 hectares, Wittunga highlights the relationship between South African and Australian shrub and tree species. The garden’s displays of South African and Australian plants are especially spectacular in spring, and include rich collections of Erica, Leucadendron and Protea, which are complemented by exotic and unusual bulbs and colourful annuals. The majority of the plants from South Africa come from the Cape Province district, which has a climate similar to that of Adelaide.

State Herbarium of South AustraliaThe State Herbarium is the fourth largest herbarium in Australia with more than one million pressed plant specimens. It houses a collection of international importance, including specimens from the first explorations of South Australia. The institution is dedicated to research and plays an advisory role for South Australia in plant systematics. Since inception it has enjoyed a high state, national and international profile. In South Australia it undertakes botanical surveys, has been instrumental in the foundation of conservation parks across the state, and has established strong links with the University of Adelaide through postgraduate teaching of plant systematics.

Wittunga Botanic Garden

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Corporate Governance

RoleSince 1855, the Board has provided recreational, educational, horticultural and scientific benefits to the South Australian community.

VisionThe Board will lead, inspire and engage the community in creating a botanically sustainable future in a changing environment.

MissionOn behalf of the people of South Australia, the Board’s mission is to advance plant appreciation, knowledge and conservation through its natural and cultural collections and programs.

Principles

The six principles set out below embody the broad concepts that lay the foundations for the Board’s management and oversight of the operations of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium.

• Respect horticultural and botanical knowledge and skills, and seek to ensure that staff and community knowledge contribute to high-level horticultural and botanical endeavor applied to the plant collections

• Respect garden and landscape design knowledge and skills, and seek to ensure that sound design advice contributes to a high standard of landscape aesthetics within the Gardens

• Support programs with careful planning, sound marketing and appropriate evaluation; promote public awareness and understanding of the Board’s role; and communicate with and be responsive to visitors and stakeholders

• Contribute to biodiversity conservation and scientific research through education and integrated plant conservation programs

• Ensure that the Board’s operations model effective environmental management to the community

• Ensure that the Board can demonstrate improving effectiveness and efficiency in resource use.

Legislative ResponsibilityThe Board is established pursuant to section 6 of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium Act 1978 (the Act). The Board is subject to the general direction and control of the Minister of Environment and Conservation.

The Board is responsible for administration of the Act and has responsibility for the State Herbarium and three garden sites: Adelaide Botanic Garden and Botanic Park, Mount Lofty Botanic Garden and Wittunga Botanic Garden. Herbarium specimen

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Board Membership and Organisation

The Board is responsible for the management of its Gardens and the State Herbarium in accordance with the Act. Its overarching aim is to balance recreation, education and tourism needs with the need to conserve and enhance the living and herbarium collections and conduct vital conservation research. The Board consists of eight members appointed by the Governor, pursuant to section 7 of the Act. During the 2010–2011 reporting period, the Board met on six occasions (Table 1).

The Board has two standing committees:

• The Finance and Risk Management Committee (chaired by Jim Kouts), which met twice during the year

• The Strategic Positioning Committee (chaired by David Knox), which met four times during the year.

Functions and Objectives

Functions of the Board are set out in section 13 of the Act as follows:

a) to establish and maintain botanic and other gardens for the use and enjoyment of members of the public on land vested in or placed under the control of the Board;

b) to establish and manage in, or in connection with, its Gardens exhibitions of interest in the fields of botany, horticulture, biology, conservation of the natural environment or history

c) to establish and maintain a herbarium and, subject to this Act, to retain original specimens included in the herbarium;

d) to accumulate and care for specimens (whether living or preserved), objects and things of interest in the fields of botany, horticulture, biology, conservation of the natural environment or history;

e) to accumulate and classify data in regard to any such matters;

f) to manage all lands and premises vested in, or placed under the control of, the Board.

g) to manage all funds vested in, or under the control of, the Board and to apply those funds in accordance with the terms and conditions of any instrument of trust or other instrument affecting the disposition of those funds;

h) to carry out or promote research into matters of interest in the fields of botany, horticulture, biology, conservation of the natural environment or history;

i) to disseminate information of interest in the fields of botany, horticulture, biology, conservation of the natural environment or history;

j) to provide consultant services; and

k) to perform any other functions of scientific, educational or historical significance that may be assigned to the Board by regulation.

Pursuant to section 23 of the Act, the Board is required to present a report to the Minister prior to 30 September each year on the operations of the Board during the past financial year.

Board Member Meetings held in term of office Number of meetings attended

Judy Potter 6 6

Karen Cross 6 6

Anne Howe 6 6

David Knox 6 4

Jim Kouts 6 6

Anne Levy AO 6 5

Ian Little 6 3

Kym Winter-Dewhirst 1 0

Gary Storkey (appointed 7 October 2010) 4 3

Table 1: Board members and meetings 2010–2011

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Contribution to South Australia’s Strategic Plan 2008The Board has a role to play in achieving South Australia’s Strategic Plan (SASP) targets, and has aligned the strategic themes and aspirations of its Strategic Plan 2009–2012 with SASP objectives.

Objective 1 Growing ProsperityAs part of an ongoing commitment to enhancing visitor experiences, the Board conducts an annual visitor perception and satisfaction survey (SASP Target 1.7). The results of the survey are analysed and appropriate actions taken to ensure the Gardens continues to provide outstanding visitor experiences and remains one of the most visited cultural institutions in South Australia.

As South Australia’s most visited cultural and scientific institution, the Gardens contributes significant economic and social benefits to the community. The inclusion of a visit to the Gardens as part of a tourism itinerary very often results in a prolonged stay in the state or region, with direct economic benefit to local businesses (SASP Target 1.15). The multiplier effect from this activity, together with the significant investment in capital programs and services, contributes to economic growth while helping to make the Gardens more accessible and enjoyable.

Objective 2 Improving WellbeingAs the Gardens are a beautiful, tranquil and friendly refuge that accommodates visitor needs for recreation in an urbanised environment, they directly contribute to community wellbeing. Consistently demonstrated in visitor surveys, the primary reasons for visiting the Gardens are to view plants, walk and relax. The Gardens encourages passive outdoor recreation and provide facilities and activities to assist in increasing healthy South Australians (SASP Target 2.4) and increasing psychological wellbeing (SASP Target 2.7). The Garden of Health, as part of the new Frome Road Western Entrance redevelopment, opens opportunities for visitors to learn more about the importance of plants to health and wellbeing. Further, the Kitchen Garden program promotes the mental and physical wellbeing associated with connecting with nature and being in the environment.

Objective 3 Attaining SustainabilityThe Board’s role in plant conservation contributes to the survival of plant species in nature—locally, nationally and globally—with a particular emphasis on South Australian

rare and threatened plants. The Board pursues an integrated approach to plant conservation, by combining long-term ex situ (conservation of plant species away from their natural areas of occurrence) with in situ programs.

The State Herbarium and Seed Conservation Centre directly contribute to Lose No Species (SASP Target 3.1), the five biodiversity corridors (SASP Target 3.2) and Marine Biodiversity (SASP Target 3.4), through increasing knowledge, scientific research and ex situ seed collections of South Australia’s native species.

The Sustainable Landscapes Project demonstrates and promotes appropriate park and garden design, plant species selections and sustainable horticultural practices for South Australian environments, including effective, efficient and appropriate water use (SASP Target 3.9). Two gardens in particular, the SA Water Mediterranean Garden and the Australian Native Garden, specifically showcase innovative and artistic ways of how to incorporate sustainable horticultural principles in home gardens.

Objective 4 Fostering CreativityAustralian flora knowledge is expanding exponentially through taxonomic research at the State Herbarium and a broad range of collaborative national and global research conservation projects. Joint initiatives and funding, received through the Australian Research Council with South Australian and interstate universities and private enterprise, contribute directly to public expenditure on research (SASP Target 4.9) and Australian Government research and development resources (SASP Target 4.10).

Objective 5 Building CommunitiesThe representation of women on the Board in 2010–2011 was 50% (SASP Target 5.1). In 2010–2011, numbers of volunteers in the Gardens and State Herbarium were maintained and there was an increased focus on the development of volunteer training and recognition programs (SASP Target 5.6).

Additionally, the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and State Herbarium contributes to three goals that guide the work of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) as set out in its Corporate Plan 2010-2014. These are that: the environment is conserved and natural resources are used sustainably, the environment is valued and enjoyed, and the environment is integral to development decisions.

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The Board’s Strategic Plan 2009–2012Throughout its 150-year history, the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide has played a significant role in the South Australian community: for its research into and collections of botany, ecology and horticulture; as a place for peace, relaxation, entertainment and recreation; and for education.

In the 21st century, the role of Botanic Gardens is more important than ever before. They are beacons of the ability to sustain life in an age of ecological crisis. The Board, using its botanical collections, its practices and its programs looks to advance plant appreciation, knowledge and conservation practices and thus address the challenges of climate change and water sustainability.

There is no doubt of the place of the Gardens in the hearts of South Australians—as annual visitor numbers of 1.8 million and the success of the Board’s programs attest. In recent times, just a few examples of major capital works are the restoration of the Santos Museum of Economic Botany, the Western Entrance and Garden of Health, the redevelopment of Botanic Park, the interface with the Zoo and the First Creek Wetland (under way).

Further to local pre-eminence, the Board’s accreditation by the American Association of Museums is formal acknowledgment internationally of the scientific research, conservation and education efforts of the Board that are contributing to a plan to safeguard the earth’s plants.

In formulating its Strategic Plan 2009–2012, the Board considered all of the interconnecting elements that make up a Botanic Garden and the complex network of interdependence that underlies it. The end result of the comprehensive planning process has been a shift in emphasis in planning for the Gardens and the State Herbarium and for the programs associated with their collections. This new focus gives clear direction for collections development and the themes and messages to be communicated.

Gardens for Life: Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

of South Australia Strategic Plan 2009–2012 continues to guide the activities of the Board, forming a framework for priority setting and reporting. Five strategic themes reflect the key challenges of sustainability, health and wellbeing, collections management and connecting with people.

Through the plan the Board aspires to:

• enable and influence the community and government to minimise the ecological footprint of public and private urban landscapes

• advance community understanding of the relations between plants, people, gardens and human health and wellbeing

• increase accessibility to, and demonstrate the excellence of, the Gardens and Herbarium collections

• advance the scientific understanding and conservation of the state’s biodiversity

• engage with different communities to encourage greater social inclusion and community development.

This report sets out achievements to date against the plan’s highlight objectives.

Cotton Palms washingtonia filifera

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SustainabilityWe aspire to ... enable and influence community and government to

minimise the ecological footprint of public and private urban

landscapes

Highlight objectives • By 2012, 50% of all water used in the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide is derived from non-mains sources

• By 2012, sustainable landscape principles are guiding land management practices within 10 South Australian government and industry entities

• By 2020, the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide will be at least carbon neutral

Highlight achievements 2010–2011 • First Creek Wetland construction commenced

• Botanic Park connected to the Glenelg to Adelaide recycled water pipeline

• Irrigation system replacement program advanced

• Biological pest management successes

• Native Garden Design Awards build on success

• Landscapes Alive Plant Selector website goes live

• Reducing Fire Risk in Gardens brochure produced

• Green Infrastructure strategic planning under way

• Bicentennial Conservatory carbon footprint study completed

Sustainability is the first of the themes set out in the Strategic Plan 2009–2012, reflecting its importance as the issue of the time. By incorporating sustainable practices into every area of its operations, the Board is reducing its environmental footprint and demonstrating good corporate citizenship. But more than this, it is a living demonstration of water-saving plants and sustainable horticultural practices for the South Australian environment.

Reducing mains water usageFirst Creek Wetland to deliver water security for Adelaide Botanic Gardens

Construction began on the First Creek Wetland in early February, when work started on realigning the creek and grading the creek banks in preparation for construction of the wetland ponds. The project will divert some of the storm water from First Creek into Adelaide Botanic Garden. On entry, it will be treated through a wetland and then stored in and subsequently recovered from an underlying aquifer.

It is anticipated that within seven years, this wetland and aquifer system will completely replace the use of mains water for the Garden’s irrigation. As well as giving the Gardens access to a secure water supply, the project will contribute to the state’s targets to reduce potable water and increase stormwater use.

The project incorporates wide-reaching aims beyond the achievement of water savings. Pathways and viewing platforms built around the wetlands and signs explaining the wetland and aquifer system will play an important educative role, connecting the community to the fundamental importance of water for people and the environment and as a climate-change related issue. Native species, particularly those indigenous to the Adelaide area, will be planted around the wetland.

The development also includes a major new gross pollutant trap across First Creek, improving the health of the local watercourse and Torrens Lake by capturing significant quantities of litter and debris and some sediment.

Construction work followed a rigorous statutory approvals process, which was preceded by design development and contract documentation. Landscape, interpretation and education concepts formed part of the documentation.

As part of the project, the National Wine Centre vineyard was transferred to the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium after negotiations between the University of Adelaide and DENR. A vineyard relocation plan was developed, and wine varieties are being held in cold storage for anticipated planting in 2011–2012.

The South Australian and Australian governments are funding the $8.7 million Wetlands project, as part of the National Urban Water and Desalination Plan, and the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board is contributing $800 000.

Construction is scheduled for completion in 2013, including horticultural work, landscaping, and installation of educative and interpretive signage.

Irrigation system replacement program progresses Measures progressed this year to improve irrigation efficiency across all three Gardens. At Mount Lofty (under the Mount Lofty Irrigation Master Plan), the main pumping line from the lake up to the holding tank was replaced, new valves were installed in both the potable and irrigation lines, and more irrigation systems were automated. Wittunga continued as a low water-use garden through allocating priority to the watering of collections and lawns and using

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drip irrigation on timers. At Adelaide, the upgrade of the antiquated systems progressed, with the incremental replacement of old valves and main lines. The latest water-efficient delivery systems were installed in the Garden of Health.

Accessing recycled waterBotanic Park was connected to the Glenelg to Adelaide recycled water pipeline, as part of the Glenelg to Adelaide Park Lands Recycled Water Project. Funded by the Australian and State governments, the project consists of a 32 km network of pipes providing up to 1.3 billion litres of recycled water each year from the Glenelg Wastewater Treatment Plant to Adelaide’s park lands and city gardens. Part of the pipeline was installed within Botanic Gardens land in 2008–2009, with access points into the Adelaide Garden and Botanic Park. The initiative removes the need to use potable water to irrigate lawns, consequently reducing dependence on other water sources such as the River Murray.

Sustainable water practicesDespite the lifting of water restrictions in December 2010, all three Gardens continued to apply restrictions to model best-practice irrigation to the community. In the Adelaide Botanic Garden, the 30% of lawn areas that were again allowed to ‘brown off’ returned to full vigour with the autumn rains. There was a positive response from the community to the water-wise measures adopted.

Sustainable horticulture trialsMulching programs continued for weed suppression and water reduction purposes. In particular, trials were conducted to determine the most appropriate types of mulch for specific locations—recycled organic mulch blends proved suitable for some plant groups and chip mulch proved preferable in other circumstances.

Following trials of fungicides and insecticides that were either organic or at the lowest level of toxicity, they were accepted into use. Herbicide application strategies continue to be varied to ensure effective control.

Biological pest management

Integrated pest management programs continued throughout the year. Following trials in 2009–2010, predatory mites and wood swallows were used for biological control in the Bicentennial Conservatory and predatory mites were used in the Amazon Waterlily Pavilion. Hypoaspis, a small mite that feeds on gnat pupae, was trialled in the

Nursery with great success in preventing plant losses. Both Hypoaspis and Vectobac (a Bacillus thuringiensis) will be used in ongoing programs. Lacewings were used to successfully control Lace bug populations in the rhododendron collection at Mount Lofty Botanic Gardens.

Greenhouse Gas AssessmentAs a first step in the-longer term aspiration of achieving carbon neutrality, the Board conducted a Greenhouse Gas Assessment for 2008–2009. The assessment included scope 1 and 2 emission sources such as vehicles, bulk liquid fuels, bulk and mains gas and electricity, and will be used to provide a baseline for emissions for future comparisons. Recommendations will provide a framework for the development of a more detailed and extensive Sustainability Strategy.

Sustainable Landscapes ProjectHosted and managed by the Botanic Gardens, the Sustainable Landscapes Project was established in 2004 to address the challenging relationship between urban landscapes, human communities and sustainability. Seven years on, the project has become widely recognised for leading the direction of landscape sustainability in the state. It represents a significant shift away from single-issue advocacy to a holistic approach to the urban environment, through the involvement of government, industry and the community,

Now completed for the whole of the state, the Landscapes Alive Plant Selector is a website designed to help people across the community choose the right plants for their suburb or council area. Plants recommended include local indigenous, Australian native and exotic species that are non-invasive and require minimal supplementary water once established. This innovative online resource, which recorded up to 90 000 lengthy visits per month, is one example of the Sustainable Landscape Project demonstrating and promoting more sustainable landscape design, plant and materials selection and sustainable practices.

Another is through numerous presentations, lectures and displays and a comprehensive suite of brochures, with Reducing Fire Risk in Gardens the most recent in the series of eight. It was produced in collaboration with the Fire Management unit of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and endorsed by the South Australian Country Fire Service.

Building momentum on the success of the inaugural 2010 Native Garden Awards for home, school and public gardens,

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the 2011 awards attracted media attention and numerous entries across the state. The Australian Native Garden in the Adelaide Botanic Garden showcases innovative and artistic ways of using native plants, and brings together the skills and expertise of native plant botanists, horticulturalists, growers, retailers and landscape design professionals.

During the year the Sustainable Landscapes Project began the process of consulting broadly as part of a rigorous strategic planning process for the Green Infrastructure Project, aimed at increasing community resilience by planning for and adapting to emerging climate change impacts. Partners in the Sustainable Landscape Project include the Mawson Lakes Investment & Economic Opportunities Group, Land Management Corporation, Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board and SA Water.

Review of the Bicentennial ConservatoryThe Greenhouse Gas Assessment in 2008–2009, identified that the Bicentennial Conservatory contributed significantly to the Gardens’ carbon footprint because of the amount of heat it needs to recreate a tropical rain forest.

The assessment recommended that a comprehensive study be undertaken to investigate the potential to reinvent the space so that it continues to thrive in the absence of active heating. The recommendations of this study, completed in 2011, are currently being assessed.

Health & WellbeingWe aspire to ... advance community understanding of the relationship

between plants, people, gardens and human health and

wellbeing

Highlight objectives • By 2011, the Western Entrance and Garden of Health is completed in the Adelaide Botanic Garden

• By 2010, progress a Kitchen Garden initiative to support community health and education programs

Highlight achievements • Western Entrance completed

• Garden of Health completed, planted with 2500 medicinal plants from 300 species

• Garden of Health website finalised

• Kitchen Garden concept design completed

The relevance of biodiversity to human health is now on the international agenda, as scientific evidence builds on the health implications of biodiversity loss. This issue is also linked to climate change, as many of the anticipated health risks are associated with changes in biodiversity, for example, scarcity of fresh water, impacts on agricultural biodiversity and food resources. Some of the health issues influenced by biodiversity include diet, nutrition and social and psychological health.

The Board has an important role to play through conservation, displays and education programs in reinforcing the relationship between climate change and plants and biodiversity, and the role of plants in health and wellbeing. In so doing, its aim is to encourage practices that lead to sustainability and improved health and wellbeing.

New Western Entrance for Adelaide Botanic GardenThe Western Entrance completes a significant piece of the Adelaide Botanic Garden’s Site Master Plan. As well as improving pedestrian access on an east–west axis, the entrance’s position links the Garden to the business, cultural and educational precinct of North Terrace, boosting visibility and accessibility.

Thus, this new entrance offers a new way for the Botanic Gardens to fulfill its role of connecting people with plants and culture, advancing understanding that quality of life is intrinsically linked to the natural world.

Australian Native Garden

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The Western Entrance and its centrepiece, the Ginkgo Gate, will be officially opened in July 2011. Pre-eminent South Australian artists Hossein and Angela Valamanesh designed the Ginkgo Gate, with the Ginkgo leaf selected for its aesthetic and medicinal qualities, linking to the Garden of Health and the fundamental role plants and gardens play in human health. Used in Chinese medicine for centuries, the Ginkgo leaf is increasingly being recognised for its ability to improve circulation around the body and the health benefits as a consequence.

The Ginkgo Gate provides a gateway linking the Adelaide Botanic Garden (and Garden of Health) to the Adelaide City Council’s Frome Park—Nellie Raminyemmerin. It is the first major pedestrian entrance into the Garden in more than 20 years, since the opening of the Friends’ Gate on Plane Tree Drive (in 1987).

The Ginkgo Gate, commissioned by the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium through the State Government’s Public Art and Design: Major Commission grant from Arts SA, also gives strength to the unique relationship between botanic gardens and the arts.

Garden of HealthCompleted in 2011, the official opening of the Garden of Health will coincide with the opening of the adjacent Western Entrance and Ginkgo Gate.

The garden has been planted out with more than 2 500 plants from 300 different species, a significant achievement. For thousands of years people have used plants to cure disease, fight infection and ease the mind. In the 21st century, 80% of the world’s population still relies primarily on natural plant remedies. More than 50% of Western prescription drugs are derived from chemicals first identified in plants, making the protection of biodiversity even more vital.

The garden is divided into two sections: the southern side, the Garden of Healing; and northern side, the Garden of Contemplation.

The Garden of Contemplation demonstrates all of the elements of a healthy lifestyle—food, exercise, pleasure and social connection—in three thematic gardens. The Orchard of Earthly Delight features edible plants essential to health and representing the diet traditions of a range of cultures, including indigenous Australians. The Garden of Mind’s Ease features plants used to promote calm and sleep, as well as relieving anxiety and

mental illness. The Tranquil Garden has been designed to engage all the senses, showing how gardens can still be beautiful in a changing climate.

The Garden of Healing is divided down a central axis, one side assigned to the development of modern Western medicine, the other to non-Western medicine and beliefs (from Africa, the Middle East, China, India, the Americas, Mediaeval Europe and indigenous Australia). It demonstrates how plants can be used to treat illness and prevent disease; identifies plants that are used in traditional medicines, and illustrates pharmaceutical discovery going back 60 000 years to today’s modern medicine.

The Garden of Health is integral to the Botanic Gardens’ educational program, and interpretive signage has been developed and installed that reveals information about the power of plants and provides for both exploration and learning.

The Garden of Health also serves as an accessible community resource supporting people recovering from workplace and other injury and illnesses, improving their quality of life through social interaction, exercise and reflection. It forms the iconic health and wellbeing demonstration garden for the Botanic Gardens and, as such, it will be the focal point for realising the vision—shared with sponsor WorkCover SA—of promoting community health and wellbeing.

Kitchen Garden Program The Kitchen Garden Program has been designed to connect people to where food comes from and enrich lives through the growing, harvesting and cooking of fresh seasonal produce.

Research demonstrates that people who garden gain multiple social, physical and mental health benefits; have a better understanding of and a greater appreciation for the environment; and have higher levels of social engagement and better interpersonal skills.

The Botanic Gardens Kitchen Garden Program comprises two components: Kitchen Garden Program infrastructure, the creation of a space within the Gardens in which food can be grown, shared and prepared; and the delivery of the Kitchen Garden Program within the Botanic Gardens and through outreach.

In 2009, a steering committee was established to guide the direction of the program, create networks and build capacity to develop partnerships. The committee comprises

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representatives from the Department of Education and Children’s Services (DECS), SA Health, Nursery and Garden Industry Association, Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board Education Unit , Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Foundation (SA Officer) and Blanco Catering.

The concept designs for the Kitchen Garden within the Botanic Gardens were completed in 2010, and the garden will be a place of inspiration, demonstration and communication for communities and schools.

Other activities during the year included:

• Curriculum programs and professional development sessions for teachers and early childhood educators

• Network development with public, independent and Catholic schools and preschools

• A survey in schools to identify existing needs and ongoing activity (across the state around 180 schools are involved in some kind of gardening activity)

• The Plant It, Grow It, Eat It family fun day in October 2010, at which some 20 community organisations came together to provide cooking demonstrations, information-sharing tables and resources to around 2000 people

• Where does it come from? a curriculum-focused program for schools, which attracted 160 participants

• Outreach programs by the project officer to support the establishment of new community gardens and build capacity in existing gardens

• The development of a suite of information/promotional materials, including weekly e-updates, a newsletter and a map locating more than 40 community gardens around the state

• Training programs for community gardeners, including Basic and Advanced Grant Writing, Fruit Tree Pruning, Starting a Community Garden and Vegetable Growing for Foodies

• The establishment of a gardens resource bank (including a research file to support advocacy efforts), and a volunteer pool of community gardeners to respond to enquiries.

CollectionsWe aspire to ... as custodians of the state’s primary botanical collections,

demonstrate excellence in their quality, management and

accessibility

Highlight objectives• By 2012, three garden areas developed with plant species indigenous to the local area

• By 2012, plant 150 trees in Adelaide Botanic Garden to preserve the mature tree canopy

• By 2012, herbarium, living and cultural collections information and knowledge is available on-line

• By 2012, the Santos Museum of Economic Botany is established as a major exhibition space, with at least five major exhibitions held

Highlight achievements 2010–2011

• 12 805 records added to herbarium specimen database

• 700 000 milestone achieved for specimen records in the database (August 2010)

• 11 500 specimens added to the State Herbarium collection

• Around 105 name changes recorded for South Australia’s vascular plants

• 378 trees planted across the three Gardens and Botanic Park

• Indigenous species gardens plantings advanced and targets exceeded in the three Gardens

• SA Water Mediterranean Garden gained a large Oak

• Project to export Dahlia cultivars to France off the ground

• Santos Museum of Economic Botany external façade renovations completed

• Santos Museum of Economic Botany exhibition program attracts more than 50 000 visitors

• Meeting in India explored collaboration opportunities for the Santos Museum of Economic Botany

• 19th century German fruit model collection photographed

• The Garden of Ideas—Imagining the Australian Garden exhibition

• Temple of Flora exhibition

• Collection management software installed in the library

• Conservation management plans under way on seven statues

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The Board holds a unique collection of living, preserved and cultural items that represent the botanical heritage of South Australia.

The State Herbarium collection is Australia’s fourth largest institutional herbarium, and now exceeds one million specimens. This rich sample of native and naturalised vascular and lower plants, algae, fungi and lichens of South Australia is the principal foundation of knowledge of present and past distribution in the state and the prime resource for taxonomic research in these groups.

The living collections of the Board’s three Botanic Gardens make places of aesthetic appeal, of inspiration and of enjoyment for the many people who step into the three Gardens. Beyond that they are also places where children and adults learn about the diversity of plant life, climate change and sustainability practices.

The Board is the custodian of a research library, archive, Economic Botany museum and an art collection. It comprises artworks on paper, paintings, an economic botany collection, statues, sculptures, memorials, artefacts, medals, photographs and other items falling under the umbrella of cultural collections. Their purpose is far more than aesthetic; they connect people to the history and core business of the Board. They promote its educational, historical, cultural, scientific and recreational values.

In caring for, displaying and managing its collections, the Board is enhancing the community’s appreciation of the state’s environmental and cultural heritage. Further, in preserving these valuable assets it is fulfilling its important functions of scientific research, conservation and education and sustaining the ongoing tranquility of the Gardens.

The process of identifying new plants and updating names of existing plants is ongoing and involves Herbarium staff, associates and volunteers. Expertise and support is provided on plants record management, data recording and accessioning nationally and internationally.

Accreditation by the American Association of Museums, the only international body to accredit Botanic Gardens as collections-based institutions, signifies commitment to excellence, accountability, high professional standards in collections management and continued institutional improvement. It also recognises the scientific research,

conservation and education efforts of the Board that are contributing to a plan to safeguard the earth’s plants.

Herbarium CollectionThe State Herbarium collection is Australia’s fourth largest institutional herbarium, having grown to exceed one million specimens. This rich sample of native and naturalised plants, algae, and fungi of South Australia is the principal foundation of knowledge of present and past distribution in the state and the prime resource for taxonomic research in these groups. With digitisation, the collection data are increasingly being used to inform research investigations.

Modern technologies in molecular biology and microscopy are also opening research capabilities and insights from the collection in a wide range of botanical areas. It contributes to several national projects, including Australia’s Virtual Herbarium, the only online database depicting plant distributions for an entire continent.

During the year, an additional 11 500 specimens were added to the State Herbarium collection from staff, external sources and major biological surveys.

A combination of restricted access, a sophisticated fire prevention system and a pest-monitoring program secure the longevity of this unique collection.

Seed collecting in Innaminka

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State Herbarium function 2010/11 2009/10 2008/09 Average

Specimens identified (est.) (determined/confirmed)* 4 400 6 000 6 700 5 700

Specimens nomenclature updated* (est.) 3 500 2 000 2 000 2 500

Specimens mounted 8 800 8 700 9 700 9 067

Database additions 12 805 8 600 8 997 10 134

Total in specimen database ADHERB 711 204 698 200 689 500

AD specimens sent on loan 771 2 403 4 697 2 624

AD specimens returned from loan 3 342 6 296 2 822 4 153

Incoming loan specimens received 1 069 754 108 644

Incoming loan specimens returned 754 8 896 553

Exchange specimens sent 1 358 496 94 649

Exchange specimens received 1 310 1 870 1 706 1 629

Specimens added to the collections 11 502 9 323 13 663 11 496

Estimated total specimens in State Herbarium collection 1 012 427 1 000 000 989 000

Estimated replacement value of the State Herbarium collection $62 351 000 $57 000 000 $56 000 000

Calculated value per specimen $61.59 $57.00 $56.58

Table 2: State Herbarium collection key statistics

Data collectionAn extensive data capture program in operation for more than 15 years has made data and information associated with the Herbarium collection more accessible. The data and the information associated with it are now online, and includes plant distribution, historic and current scientific names, descriptions and illustrations.

The data is available on the State Herbarium’s Electronic Flora of South Australia www.flora.sa.gov.au and Australia’s Virtual Herbarium (AVH) developed by the Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria www.flora.sa.gov.au/avh/

The program has have been resourced and funded by DENR, other State Government agencies and the Commonwealth Government.

The 12 805 records added to the Herbarium specimen database during the year brought the total computerised herbarium specimen records to 711 204. Targets set during the year allowed for upgrading 3500 records, most related to changing knowledge (see Table 2). Data capture was predominantly internally funded.

The State Herbarium’s database management systems and ability to deliver data and information online were advanced throughout the year. Key activities included a strategic review of the Herbarium’s information

system, including planning for its future needs and sustainability, and the involvement of Australia and New Zealand in planning for further development of the Virtual Herbarium.

Fungi map adds to knowledge base Knowledge about Australian fungi is quite patchy, with more unknown than known species. Even for the named species, knowledge about their distribution in Australia is fairly limited. The idea of the Fungimap project is to help map the distribution of Australian fungi, using volunteer, non-expert Fungimap recorders.

The Adelaide Fungal Studies Group has contributed to many new records or extensions that are important additions to both the State Herbarium collection and the national Fungimap. Coordinated through the Herbarium, the group is made up of members of the community interested in identifying fungi and also learning more about it.

During the fungal season members visit selected sites and go on to identify their specimens using the State Herbarium collection. To date, Fungimap recorders have made significant contributions to knowledge about Australian fungi.

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Census compilation The State Herbarium compiles a real-time online census of South Australia’s plants, algae and fungi to summarise current taxonomic knowledge of these groups, their regional distribution and native or naturalised status. Authoritative data on conservation and declared weed status are added from external sources.

Herbarium staff continued to make a significant contribution to the Australian Plant Census Working Group and other related groups specifically addressing hepatics and fungi. The aim is to develop a single consensus summary of Australia’s native and naturalised plants to facilitate delivery of State censuses and Australia’s Virtual Herbarium.

Approximately 105 name changes were recorded for South Australia’s vascular plants during the year; of these, 30 were new native taxa and 15 new naturalised taxa. Some were the result of taxonomic revisions, with the names of known species changing because of a better knowledge of their circumscription. The need to update many names had been exposed by the State Herbarium’s input into the Australian Plant Census and by the ongoing work on the new edition of the Flora of

South Australia. Such work has also led to the necessity to remove about 10 long-term records from the census that had been found to be superfluous.

Living CollectionsPlanning and management

The Board’s Living Collections Policy supports the following 12 focus collections:

1. Dryland palms and cycads

2. Rhododendrons

3. Flowering trees

4. Southern Hemisphere conifers

5. South Australian indigenous flora

6. Madagascan flora

7. Roses

8. Victoria amazonica and associated flora

9. Charismatic plants within orchids, carnivorous plants, bromeliads, ferns, cacti and succulents and water plants

10. Mediterranean garden flora

11. Botanic gardens and ideas—how botanic gardens changed the world, including systems gardening, Museum of Economic Botany

12. Perennial and herbaceous displays.

Collections developmentThe Gardens’ Site Master Plans and Collections Policy guide the overall development of the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Gardens. Collections objectives and species lists continued to be developed throughout the year, for future education and interpretation programs.

Five Indigenous Specie Gardens were established, exceeding the Strategic Plan target of three, and collections have been expanded in existing displays. These included: Adelaide Botanic Garden and Botanic Park—Australian Native Garden, Eremophila Garden, First Creek Garden and Tainmundilla; Wittunga Botanic Garden—Stage One of the Grey Box; Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island—collections of local South Australian species.

In particular:

• The Cycad Garden adjacent to the Santos Museum of Economic Botany continued to be developed

• The Australian Native Garden continued to supply living evidence of the horticultural and landscape qualities of native plants

• The Grey Box Woodland project (a partnership with the Urban Biodiversity Unit) at Wittunga progressed, and plantings display rare and endangered species Eucalyptus microcarpa

• Plantings of trees and shrubs, especially local known provenance specimens, continued on the banks of the Torrens and First Creek

• The Butterfly Garden at Wittunga continued to attract many of the local species of butterfly and further established local flora in a sustainable environment.

Other collections development initiatives undertaken included:

• As part of the First Creek Wetlands project, macrophyte plants were sourced to act as biological filters. Further, significant additions were made to the original lists using in-house wetland specie knowledge, expertise and propagation skills. Vine varieties and appropriate viticulture industry services were obtained to support the relocation of vineyard to a site closer and more appropriate to the National Wine Centre

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• Detailed criteria were developed for two of the 12 focus collections, marking a significant milestone in the Gardens’ collections development and management. Such criteria are being developed for each of the focus collection to help horticultural staff plan for a coordinated planting program

• More than 2500 plants representing 300 different species, with probably 150 new to cultivation within the Adelaide Botanic Garden, were sourced for the Garden of Health. Many have been obtained from other botanical institutions around the world—in France, Germany, Lesotho, Switzerland and the United States.

• Significant additions and replacements were undertaken at the SA Water Mediterranean Garden. Work included planting a large Oak Quercus

canariensis for additional shade for customers of Café Fibonacci.

• The ATCO Heritage Rose Garden at Mount Lofty Botanic Garden continued to attract rose lovers. The collection, completed in 2010, includes many parent species from which modern garden roses have been bred over hundreds of years and showcases the evolution of the rose. The garden was designed to resonate with colour and perfume in the spring and early summer and provide a spectacular display of rose hips in the autumn.

• In an ongoing project to transform the wisteria arbour, non-flowering wisterias were removed from the western arbour in preparation for planting three new varieties: Wisteria floribunda ‘Lawrence’, which will bare long pale blue, sweetly scented racemes; Wisteria floribunda ‘Blue Pacific’, which will supply highly scented bright blue-violet flowers; and Wisteria sinensis ‘Jako’ which, with its heavy white, exceptionally fragrant racemes, will also produce spectacular floral displays once established

• Native plantings increased at the Botanic Park– Zoo interface, boosting the number of native plants in Botanic Park and along the River Torrens.

Living heritage preservation Recommendations made in the Adelaide Botanic Garden and Botanic Park Tree Study were implemented throughout all three Gardens during 2010–2011, with new trees planted and others removed accordingly. Replacement and new plantings were consistent

with the Site Master Plan and collection development criteria. Annual tree assessments were undertaken as part of the scheduled maintenance program and to manage public risk.

As part of the Tree Study, a unique numbering system was implemented, which allows identification between individual trees by assigning an individual accession qualifier through the Plant Records database.

From November 2010, all new trees planted in Botanic Park have had accession qualifiers assigned. This was extended in early 2011 to cover new tree plantings in Adelaide Botanic Garden.

Approximately 25% of existing trees in Botanic Park had qualifiers allocated.

In keeping with State and Australian Government initiatives, the Gardens introduced a global positioning satellite (GPS) system with customised mapping capability to advance collection and accession mapping and management.

National and local advisory role During 2010–2011, staff identified illegally imported plants for the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service on three separate occasions. As a result, the evidence was used in successful prosecutions.

Staff also provided advice on the possible uptake of toxins in plants from polluted groundwater to the Environment Protection Authority.

Plant expertise was put to use answering numerous plant identification requests from the public and providing advice on and the location of Living Collection holdings across the Gardens.

BG-BASEDuring 2010–2011, BG-BASE (a database application to manage information on plant collections) continued to record and develop plant records and, subsequently, cultural knowledge.

Its rollout has meant considerable training of staff, trainees and guides, and a training matrix has been developed for every member of staff to help with training across the organisation. It has also required updates and modifications to plant records.

Staff also provided assistance to other botanical organisations within Australasia that use BG-BASE, including the National Arboretum Canberra.

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Grey headed flying foxesThis year for the first time, a colony of as many as 150 grey headed flying foxes (fruit bats) roosted in trees in the Adelaide Botanic Garden. While the flying foxes are a threatened species nationally and a protected species in South Australia, if allowed to establish in large numbers (as demonstrated in the Sydney Botanic Gardens) they can cause extensive damage and, in some cases, the death of tree in which they roost.

The colony was successfully relocated to Botanic Park, in a collaborative effort involving DENR and other government agencies, and the situation will be monitored to ensure the historic, scientific and cultural value of the Gardens landscape is preserved.

External collaborationsThe Botanic Gardens is mindful that collaborating with external societies and horticultural industry bodies brings a wealth of knowledge to collection curation. During the year, staff developed relationships with various plant societies within South Australia and nationally, including:

• Australian Carnivorous Plant Society • Australians Camellia Research Society (Adelaide Hills Branch) • Australian Plant Society (SA Branch) • Australian Rhododendron Society • Bromeliad Society of South Australia • Cacti and Succulent Society of South Australia • Dahlia Society of South Australia • Fern Society of South Australia • Herb Society of South Australia • Heritage Rose Australia • Lilium Society of South Australia • Nursery and Landscape Industry of SA • Palm and Cycad Society of SA • Rose Society of SA & National Rose Trial Council • South Australian Branch of the Mediterranean Garden Society • South Australian Geranium and Pelargonium Society • State Flora.

The relationship nurtured with the Dahlia Society of South Australia in 2010–2011 was an example of these efforts, ensuring future displays at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. The society was also helped with strategies for tuber storage and future plantings. The Garden and Dahlia Society are working collaboratively to supply a significant number of Australian cultivars that will be used a part of a civic garden display in Paris.

Horticultural training centre of excellenceDuring 2010–2011, moves advanced to establish the Gardens as a centre of excellence in horticultural training, a strategic aim. A business case was prepared, and other initiatives included:

• Trainees Three new horticultural trainees were employed, expanding on the 2009–2010 program. Additionally, a management trainee program was established to maximise learning and development opportunities

• International student visitors The Gardens hosted two students from France and New Zealand respectively

• Work experience Five separate opportunities were provided to interested students to undertake work experience in a professional horticultural environment

• Staff skills audit A staff skills audit was undertaken to determine the skills update required for those who expressed interest in delivering workshops, demonstrations and lectures to the public.

Ginkgo Gate

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Cultural Collections Exhibition program The Santos Museum of Economic Botany hosted two exciting temporary exhibitions during the year which, along with the museum’s permanent displays, attracted in excess of 50 000 visitors.

The Garden of Ideas, which opened on 14 October, incorporated a rich fusion of prints, paintings, sketches and manuscripts spanning from the late 18th century to the 21st century. The exhibition looked at national and international design trends and the horticultural hopes and ambitions of Australia as young nation. It followed the change in attitudes from colonialism to the urbanisation of the nation’s cities and illustrates how social practices and popular culture have had an impact on Australian garden making. The exhibition will tour Melbourne and Sydney in 2011–2012.

The Temple of Flora exhibition, which ran for April to July 2011, was designed to be installed between travelling exhibitions. It centres on the library’s 1799 edition of volume 1 of Robert Thornton’s botanical masterpiece. It consists of 30 lavish illustrations of the work, with the centrepiece a recently donated facsimile, in limited edition, of one of the most outstanding examples of botanical literature.

Santos Museum of Economic Botany completedThe final touches to complete the restoration of the Santos Museum of Economic Botany were completed, including the reinstatement of gold leaf letters on the southern façade, repair and conservation of the rendered façade and reinstatement of wall colour and line work. This complements the major work of the past few years, including the restoration and refurbishment of the interior and reinstatement of the historic collections in their original display cases and cabinets.

International allianceDuring the year opportunities were pursued for a collaborative alliance with India, and the potential to hold joint exhibitions. The opportunity arose in 2009 with a visit from the Joint Director of the Botanical Survey of

India and the Indian Botanic Garden, and Head of the Industrial Section of the Indian Museum, Dr Himadri S Debnath.

Collections preservationThe Board appreciates the importance of its role in preserving the cultural heritage of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, and initiatives throughout the Gardens ensure the inheritance from the past is maintained in the present for the benefit of future generations.

The collection management software installed in recent times ensures the appropriate documentation and management of the collection to accepted professional standards, and work to apply it to the entire suite of cultural collections continued throughout the year.

Conservation assessment of seven of the Garden’s statues was undertaken, and direction and professional advice were provided to guide in maintaining these important and valuable heritage decorative objects.

A collection of artificial fruit acquired by the Gardens from 1865 through to the 1880s was photographed in preparation for a catalogue—a process that will document these rare items and make them more accessible to the community. The collection is one of only five by the model maker in existence and, with 350 items, arguably the most complete. It was originally used as a means of identifying fruit and to explore potential varieties that could be grown in South Australia.

LibraryThe Board’s library rare book collection continued to be enriched by donations, adding to both the scientific and cultural strengths of the collection.

The library holds material collected over the past 150 years, including original copies of botanical publications with hand-coloured plates. The oldest volume in its collection of 24 000 individual items is a Latin translation from 1516 of an early Greek herbal text.

The collection continued to be documented throughout the year.

2010–2011 2009-2010 2008-2009 2007-2008 2006-2007

Staff use:including enquiries, loans and inter library loan requests 943 1 192 1 054 1 108 1 238

Public use 45 56 102 33 67

Internet statistics:page views 174 039 184 736 184 901 213 612 149 555

Table 3: Library Statistics

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BiodiversityWe aspire to . . . advance the scientific understanding and conservation of

our biodiversity

Highlight objectives• By 2012, taxonomic, genetic and ecological research

informs biodiversity management, No Species Loss and Naturelinks programs

• By 2012, the Flora of South Australia is published in print and online

• By 2020, establish ex situ conservation collections for 90% of South Australian threatened species

• By 2020, 25% of threatened plant species in seed bank collections used in restoration or revegetation programs

Highlight achievements 2010–2011• Major taxonomic revisions completed and published

• Several significant DNA barcoding initiatives progressed

• The Marine Benthic Flora of South Australia presented as online fact sheets

• Feral camel dietary study investigated impact on vegetation in outback Australia

• Invasive weed collections made across South Australia

• 3.3 million seeds collected from 205 native plant species

• Seeds from 16 seedbank collections used to propagate plants in the South East

• 57% of South Australian native plant species conserved in Seed Conservation Centre

• Seed Conservation facilities upgraded to protect valuable seed collections and provide more accurate and viable testing

• Iluka Restoration Technology Project under way

• Blackberry data made available by Herbarium for multi-state biocontrol project

• Research collaborations developed

In holding documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, public display and education, the Board is helping to fulfill a fundamental role of Botanic Gardens globally. That is, by exploring the world of plants and their relationships,

protect and sustain biodiversity for human wellbeing and the planet.

In the 2010 International Year of Biological Diversity, the Board continued to advance the scientific understanding and conservation of the biodiversity that supports all life through the initiatives set out below.

Taxonomic revisions and flora documentation Taxonomic revisions that examine collections from Australian and overseas herbaria are responsible for the most significant changes to knowledge of Australian genera and families. Revisional studies published or being undertaken by State Herbarium staff and associates over the last 20 years have produced increases of 10% to 600% in species recognised within the studied groups. These studies have contributed significantly to the recognition of 1 000 additional vascular plant species in South Australia over that period.

During 2010–2011:

• Major taxonomic revisions were completed and published in Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae), and were advanced in Australia’s naturalised Cactaceae and Rubus and in Stackhousia and Kunzea.

• Collaboration developed on the molecular phylogeny of Hakea and, with support from New Zealand herbaria, further work progressed on annual sections of that country’s Euphrasia

(Orobanchaceae) species.

• Taxonomic accounts were updated for Australian Sida and Abutilon (Malvaceae), and expanded for Australian Acanthaceae.

• Research continued into Zygophyllaceae, Rhamnaceae, Carpobrotus. Bartramiaceae (Bryophyta), Rhodophyta (Hypnea and the order Gracilariales) and the marine algal flora of the Great Australian Bight, and Acacia complexes in South Australia. Flora of Australia accounts of genera of Pottiaceae (Bryophyta) also advanced.

• Surveys included the floras of the Great Barrier reefs and Ningaloo and the fungal hotspots macrofungi and phoenicoid ascomycetes of Kangaroo Island.

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The landmark project to display online individual fact sheets for all species contained in the six volumes of The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia by the late Professor Bryan Womersley (Hon. Research Associate) was completed. The fact sheets have also been linked from algae names in the online Census as a result of this project.

Science Resource CentreEstablished in 2009, the Science Resource Centre (SRC) comprises the State Herbarium, Bioknowledge SA, a GIS analysis team and a Science Coordination Unit. The SRC currently resides within the Client Services Directorate of DENR and administration of the Herbarium lies within the SRC.

The SRC aims to support environmental management decisions based on good science and create a more connected science community within and beyond DENR.

The SRC actively seeks partnerships with research institutes and other government agencies to instil a broader understanding of science into environmental management decisions. A Research Prospectus was prepared to showcase the SRC’s research capacity and potential as a research partner (see Research Partnerships).

Advancing DNA Barcoding Programs Significant DNA barcoding initiatives progressed this year. Tree Barcoding of Life coordinates efforts to determine genetic fingerprints for all tree species in the world and feeds into the International Barcode of Life Project. Success was attained in a project to extract and sequence DNA from ancient woody tissue, but challenges remain.

The Grass Barcoding of Life Project was initiated by the State Herbarium to coordinate national and international initiatives to obtain DNA barcodes for all of the world’s grasses. A significant portion of this project was funded by a grant from the Taxonomy Research & Information Network . The final report for that work was submitted in December 2010. More than 1 500 DNA sequences, comprising 300 grass species, were submitted to the Barcoding of Life Database. This project will provide useful data for other major projects in Australia, including the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network and TRansect for ENvironmental monitoring and Decision making projects, initiated through DENR collaborations.

A new collaborative project was undertaken involving a dietary study of feral camels in outback Australia to investigate their impact on vegetation. DNA was extracted from gut and dung specimens, and both plant and fungal DNA were shown to be present. Several species were positively identified, showing that the camels were eating a range of plants. In conjunction with postdoctoral researchers at the South Australian Museum and the Waite Campus, a technique was developed to obtain and process thousands of plant DNA sequences from multiple camel gut samples.

DNA barcoding projects on a range of South Australian seaweeds, in particular, to track invasions and climate mediated shifts in species composition, also progressed.

Threatened plant speciesA new digital x-ray machine was purchased for testing seed viability. The machine speeds up the process, improves accuracy, and reduces the number of seeds destroyed or lost from storage.

The primary focus of seed biology research is to develop germination methods for native plant species. Germination trials began in late 2010–2011 for the 2011 year, and by September it is envisaged that approximately 200 species will have been trialled for germination capacity.

Other key projects in 2010-11 included:

• The Seed Conservation Centre completed research on the development of a germination-screening tool for use in identifying plant species at risk from climate change, in a project supported by the Native Vegetation Council and Australian Flora Foundation. The focus of the research was on changes in temperature and rainfall patterns.

• A study of the regeneration after fire of the endangered Veronica parnkalliana showed that the plant regenerates in profusion from seed, and will survive, flower and set seed for three consecutive flowering seasons following fire. Plants declined rapidly after their third flowering, to remain dormant in the soil seed bank until the next fire or disturbance event.

• Cross-pollination trials on the critically endangered Spiny Daisy (Acanthocladium dockeri) have continued for three years. Trials conducted in the nursery and in the field have focused on crosses between populations of this primarily clonal plant. Seed set has been very low in all instances, and no

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individual crosses have stood out as being significantly better for seed production. However, crossed flowers produced slightly more seeds than self or open-pollinated flowers. Nevertheless, the results so far do not support the intermixing of clones to improve recovery of populations in the wild.

• A study of Gahnia radula investigated seed set and micro-propagation of this rare plant. The species produces little or no seed, and has proven difficult to propagate, so the aim of the study is to explore alternative methods of propagation such as tissue culture.

• Monitoring plots were set up to monitor regeneration of Prostanthera eurybioides following a fire at Monster Rock in the South East. Seedlings emerged during the winter following the fire, and they will be monitored annually.

• Long-term monitoring of translocation trials for Brachycome muelleri, Phebalium glandulosum and Dodonaea subglandulifera continued.

Landscape restorationA three-year collaborative project began in 2010 between the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and Iluka Resources Ltd. The Iluka Restoration Technology Project follows on from a similar project in 2006–2009, and was designed to assist Iluka’s Restoration Team at their mine site in the Yellabinna Regional Reserve. Using techniques developed and used in the Seed Conservation Centre laboratories, insight can be gained into seed-related matters, such as germination, storage, longevity, dormancy and salt tolerance of local native species which, post mining, will be a valuable resource for the vegetative restoration of the area.

To date, seed germination and dormancy factors have been examined for 20 species. These results will provide information about the timing of reseeding and how to identify species at the seedling stage. The seeds were also artificially aged in a chamber to simulate prolonged periods in the soil seed bank to determine the longevity of seeds under such conditions. The mine site uses saline bore water, and its affects on seed germination and on seedling growth have been examined to understand the consequences of contact between the bore water and local vegetation. This collaboration has helped to improve understanding of South Australian arid species and will facilitate decisions for revegetating the area.

In the South East of the state, seeds from 16 seedbank collections were used to propagate plants. The seeds were collected in 2009–2010 specifically for restoration projects, and more than 1 600 tubestock were delivered to DENR Conservation staff in the South East for planting out near Kingston and Francis.

Weeds projectExternal funding made it possible for the Herbarium to employ a Weeds Botanist, who continues to improve basic knowledge of taxonomy and distribution of weedy plants in South Australia.

Funding from the state Natural Resources Management program targets surveillance for new weed threats, in collaboration with Biosecurity SA and the Department of Primary Industries and Resources SA. During the year, specimens were collected of 11 plants not previously recorded in South Australia. These were deposited in the State Herbarium and recorded as naturalised or questionably naturalised in the Census of South Australian Plants, Algae and Fungi. The project involves working collaboratively with Natural Resource Management officers and the community.

For the second and final year, collaborative funding was also sourced through the Victorian Department of Primary Industries as part of the much larger Caring for our Country project, ‘Community Implementation of Biological Control of Weeds Across South-Eastern Australia’. The Herbarium identified and mapped blackberry taxa from southern Australia, linking into wider biological control projects. In conjunction with this project, 200 blackberry specimens were received from a PhD student at Flinders University.

Fungi in fire managementIn the wake of the 2009 Victorian bushfires, the Victorian National Parks Association commissioned several reports toward best-practice fire management regimes that take into account the whole biota. Data on cryptogams, insects and microbes were lacking.

The Herbarium was invited to join the Fungi Study Group, along with researchers from the National Herbarium of Victoria, Department of Environment and Conservation in Western Australia and the University of Melbourne.

The significant work resulting from this project was published in early 2011.

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Flora of South Australia (fifth edition)

The Flora of South Australia describes all known native and naturalised vascular plant species in the state. It is the basic taxonomic work on which many other researchers, agencies and the general public rely.

The 1986 edition of the Flora (now long out of print) contained 3639 taxa (that is, species, subspecies and varieties) in four volumes. The fifth edition is currently being compiled, and will include more than 1000 new taxa recorded since 1986. Overall, about 60 botanists from South Australia, interstate and overseas are contributing to the text.

To date, descriptions for about 30% of taxa have been received for editing. This includes full treatments of over 30 plant families (among them Amaranthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Ranunculaceae), and part treatments of several larger families (such as Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Myrtaceae). Most species are illustrated with line drawings or photographs.

While hard copy publication may be possible later, current planning anticipates progressive online release of the Flora in the form of separate treatments of families or larger groups. Work on a new State Herbarium publication website is currently in progress and it is anticipated that the first online Flora chapters (10–15 families) will be publicly available by late 2011.

The advantages of online publication include the ability to upload chapters incrementally, add new information, publish updated treatments more easily, make better use of images (including colour photographs), disseminate the information more widely and save costs. The fact sheets currently available on the eFloraSA website (www.flora.sa.gov.au) will also progressively be replaced with information from the new Flora.

Building biodiversity knowledge and climate change researchThe Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, a joint research project with the University of Adelaide, continued its studies on evolution and environmental change using preserved genetic records on human, animal, plant and sedimentary material. Staff and associates contributed to the supervision of postgraduate and postdoctoral research projects (see Appendix 4: Research Students). Researchers associated with the Herbarium are part of several collaborative research projects investigating aspects of plant distribution patterns (biogeography)

and morphological and phenological changes resulting from climate change.

Conservation collectionsOver the last year, 3.3 million seeds were collected from 205 native plant species. In total, 94 (46%) of these species were new additions to the SA Seed Conservation Centre’s Seed Bank and 59 (29%) are considered rare or threatened in South Australia.

The Seed Conservation Centre, in conjunction with the Millennium Seed Bank (United Kingdom), has now collected and stored more than 178 million seeds since the SACRED seeds project commenced in 2003, and now holds collections for 1553 (44%) of South Australia’s native plant species, including seeds from 454 (57%) of the state’s threatened flora.

The unusually high rainfall in the north of the state led to the collection of some species rarely seen before in South Australia. Similar plans are under way to visit the Murray River floodplains and collect from species currently in abundance for the first time in more than 15 years.

Research partnership, consolidation and extensionThe Board’s research and scientific advisory capability can be found at http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/Knowledge_Bank/Science_research in DEH Science Achievements 2004–2009, Science Directions 2010–2015 and DENR’s Research Prospectus 2009. The State Herbarium’s Research Prospectus 2008–2009 is also available from http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/Knowledge_Bank/Science_and_research/State_Herbarium

There has been consolidation of the State Herbarium’s relationships with new science initiatives in DENR, other government departments and South Australian universities. This includes the Environment Institute, an initiative of the University of Adelaide, which combines expertise in biodiversity, marine, water, energy and natural resources. It aims to develop an applied interface to bring research expertise to bear on key societal issues of interest to the government and industry. A component of the Environment Institute is the Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, which combines key expertise of the University of Adelaide, State Herbarium/Science Resource Centre and the South Australian Museum. Other fields included are ancient

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DNA, water, marine, landscapes, energy and climate change.

Collaboration with researchers elsewhere in the state, Australia and overseas is critical to good research outcomes. Gardens and Herbarium collaborations are listed in Appendix 2: Research Collaborations.

Connecting PeopleWe aspire to . . . continually engage with different communities to learn

from and to inspire one another, and to encourage greater

social inclusion and community development

Highlight objectives• By 2012, increase volunteer participation by 10% • By 2012, produced at least 60 scientific and other publications each year (10% peer reviewed) and make publicly available • By 2012, increase participation of disadvantaged schools in education programs • By 2012, 100 000 people participate in Botanic Gardens public events annually • By 2012, Indigenous reconciliation and inclusion initiatives are imbedded in visitor interpretation and education programs• By 2012, establish three web-based initiatives connecting the Gardens’ collections with the communityHighlight achievements

• Volunteers contributed more than 30 000 hours

• Landscapes Alive Plant Selector visited up to 90 000 times a month

• Volume 24 of The Journal published

• Four issues of the events calendar released

• Sustainable gardening program a highlight

• Innovative schools water education program

• More than 30 069 students participated in education programs

• 117 disadvantaged schools participated in school education programs

• Two volunteers recognised by the Board as Honorary Research Associates

• Volunteer appointed Corresponding Member of the Botanical Society of America

• Traditional plant knowledge incorporated into community and schools education programs

• Glasslands awarded SALA Festival’s Emerging Artist Award

• Parklife dance music festival attracted an audience of around 9000

• 1.8 million visitors to the Adelaide, Mount Lofty and Wittunga gardens and Botanic Park

• Two web-based initiatives completed connecting the Gardens collections with the community

It is an aim of the Board that all members of the community benefit from their experience of the Gardens — at events, online, and through books so that they learn from and inspire one another, but also to encourage greater social inclusion and community development. More than this, it looks to engage people in fundamental messages around sustainability, biodiversity, health and wellbeing.

Advancing community knowledgeDownloads are now available of audio tours of the SA Water Mediterranean Garden and ATCO Heritage Rose Garden, through the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide website. The SA Water Mediterranean Garden audio clarifies the three major elements of the garden—water rill, interpretive spine and geographical drifts, which together tell the stories of Mediterranean plants and how they can contribute to living more sustainably. The audio for the ATCO Heritage Rose Garden provides virtual visitors with a tour of this special collection from which all modern roses have been bred.

A Garden of Health website has also been developed, complementing the Garden of Health in the Adelaide Botanic Garden.

These initiatives provide the community with the opportunity to learn about and appreciate the importance of plants to daily life and their contribution to a sustainable future before visiting the Gardens in person.

A committed and diversified volunteer baseVolunteers contributed almost 30 000 hours to the Gardens and Herbarium programs in 2010–2011. They conducted free guided walks, provided information at the Visitor Information Centre, assisted with documentation in the State Herbarium, supported the Gardens’ exhibitions and library programs and the library collection and undertook conservation research. Specialist horticultural societies continued to share invaluable advice and assistance to maintain the excellence of the Board’s botanical collection. The Friends of the Botanic Gardens continued to provide support through Garden Guides, the Growing Group and other valuable contributions.

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During the year a Volunteer Strategy was developed, informed by consultation with volunteers and staff and by benchmarking across similar organisations. The strategy will be implemented in 2011–2012.

During the year, 17 volunteers played vital roles within the State Herbarium’s collections maintenance program and special projects. Nine others made highly significant research contributions, and the Board officially recognised these people as Honorary Research Associates.

Two of these associates were especially honoured this year. Mrs Pam Catcheside was joint winner of the Unsung Hero of South Australian Science Award for 2010 and Dr David Symon was recognised for his pioneering work in the Waite Arboretum. David was also appointed a Corresponding Member of the Botanical Society of America.

The Honorary Research Associates make an enormous contribution to scientific work, ensuring that their store of knowledge and experience is passed on to the next generation.

In recognition of the commitment of the many volunteers and in support of International Volunteer Day, the Board hosted its annual acknowledgement function of thanks.

Table 4: Volunteer contribution

Group Hours

BGA volunteers 4 800

FBGA volunteers 14 000

Societies 710

Herbarium—General 2 554

Herbarium—Honorary Research Associates 7 393

Community education

Four issues of the community education and events calendar, A Season in the Gardens, were released this year. Highlights of the calendar were a sustainable gardening program delivered in partnership with the Workers’ Educational Association; family events delivered in partnership with community organisations, such as the Native Orchid Society and the National Herbalists Association; school holiday programs, such as Foodalicious and Terrific Terrariums; and programs with an Indigenous focus, such as Making Fire, Making

Glue and the Aboriginal Food and Plant Trail conducted by Tauondi guides.

Two major public events conducted in the Gardens during the year were The Garden of Ideas and the Mirror

exhibition launches. Both exhibitions were accompanied by publications that offered opportunities to explore the exhibitions in more depth. Events such as these bring diverse audiences into the Gardens. They also underpin efforts to link into Adelaide’s cultural calendar of events, such as the SALA Festival (Glasslands exhibition), Adelaide Fringe (Wind in the Willows as told by Mr Badger) and Come Out (Message Sticks and Play Me I’m Yours).

Further, the Sustainable Landscapes Project promotes appropriate park and garden design, plant selection and horticultural practices. Its educative purpose is to demonstrate to the community how to conserve water, rediscover native plants, grow food sustainably, minimise the use of harmful chemicals and design functional gardens. The Landscapes Alive Plant Selector online tool, expanded in 2010–2011 to cover the entire state of South Australia, received up to 90 000 visits per month.

Schools Education ServiceThe Adelaide Botanic Garden Education Service delivers curriculum-linked learning programs, events and performances to South Australian schools using the Garden as a living museum for learning about plants, people and culture.

The Schools Education Manager, a seconded officer from the Department of Education and Children’s Services (DECS), manages the service. In 2010–2011, more than 30 000 students participated in education programs provided by the service.

A total of 9395 students from 117 different disadvantaged schools participated in education service developed programs. Strategies to increase the participation of disadvantaged schools included a number of free major events and programs, subsidised program support through the SA Water partnership, cost recovery pricing and special discounts for presenter delivered programs.

Increasing student knowledge of traditional Indigenous plant use is a priority, to learn about Aboriginal culture through plants. During the year 4093 students used the Garden to study Aboriginal plant use, with 65% (2645) given instruction from an Aboriginal cultural instructor. Other groups used various web and print resources provided by the Education Service.

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In 2010–2011, 1 509 students attended World Environment Day and 1171 the SA Water-sponsored National Water Week as the Gardens continued to deliver positive and powerful environmental messages to school students. Water Around the World also attracted 508 participants.

The art installation Message Sticks, part of the Come Out Festival, involved years 10 and 11 Art and Design students from Findon High School, Le Fevre High School and Ocean View College. The students produced colourfully painted poles around the themes of water availability, bush fire, food and culture and endangered plant species that were exhibited in the SA Water Mediterranean Garden. This SA Water-sponsored installation proved popular, with 3420 students taking part.

Play Me, I’m Yours, another Come Out event, involved students painting a botanically themed piano, which was installed in the Schomburgk Pavilion for visitors to play. It enlivened the pavilion for the duration of the festival.

The United Nations General Assembly declared 2011 as the International Year of Forests to raise awareness on sustainable management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests. In support, a new

trail—Trees of the Forest—was developed as a self-guided trail for primary school students. It introduces students to the iconic forest trees from around the globe that can be found in the Adelaide Botanic Garden, and encourages reflection on the usefulness of forests, as natural ecosystems and to people. Minibeasts of the

Rainforest and Singing in the Rainforest were associated activities.

The activities associated with the Mirror exhibition attracted 5133 participants.

Teacher professional development runs hand in hand with educational programs in the Gardens. In 2010–2011 these included the Mirror teacher preview—an opportunity to meet the artist and author; Trails

and Tales in the Botanic Garden—curriculum links for early childhood educators; and Teacher Twilight Walks—guided walks to explore curriculum links and opportunities.

The Education Service manages a resource-rich website, which enables schools to download materials, such as self-guided visits to the Garden and information about special events and programs.

Jeanie Baker Mirror Exhibition

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Events in the GardensThe Board’s public events program is designed to showcase the botanical treasures of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide, and their history and cultural significance. And by drawing in broader audiences through its diversity, the program opens up opportunities to raise awareness of the Gardens’ deeper purpose.

The highlights of the 2010–2011 program of events are set out below.

• Glasslands—an exhibition of miniature oil paintings by Nic Brown, based on Madagascan flora complementing the plants in the Palm House (awarded the SA Life Emerging Artist Award for the SALA Festival).

• Salvation Army Commemorative Tree Planting—Botanic Gardens Director, Stephen Forbes, and Salvation Army representative, Major Gordon Jones, took part in the ceremonial planting of a Flame Tree to mark more than a century of service by the Salvation Army in South Australia. Sixty-five Illawarra flame trees (Brachychiton acerifolius) were planted as a reinstatement of a centennial planting along Botanic Drive. The original plane trees were planted on 20 September 1980 to commemorate 100 years of Salvation Army service in South Australia.

• Parklife—a popular one-day dance music festival in Botanic Park for 18–35 year olds, continued in popularity with audience numbers of around 9000.

• The Garden of Ideas exhibition launch—showcased the history of garden design in Australia and explored the theme of how the past can inform the future. The book of the same name, written by historian and architect Richard Aitken, complemented the exhibition. The unveiling of an artistic seat in the Schomburgk Pavilion highlighted the support of exhibition program partner Santos.

• Waterwise at Wittunga—a Friends of the Botanic Gardens community day at the Wittunga Botanic Garden to celebrate National Water Week. As well as featuring waterwise plants that can be planted in home gardens and the garden’s collections, the Friends aimed to increase visitor numbers to the Wittunga Garden.

• Development & Marketing Forum—a national network of marketing and development managers from institutions including Botanic Gardens, libraries,

museums and art galleries, which convenes biannually. The 2010 conference was held in Adelaide and the Gardens co-hosted the event with other North Terrace cultural institutions. The forum discussed marketing, development and fundraising trends and challenges.

• Plant It, Grow It, Eat It—a Kitchen Garden Program community day aimed at encouraging the development of kitchen gardens in homes, schools and communities. The event targeted home gardeners and offered basic information on how to start and maintain a home kitchen garden.

• International Volunteer Day recognition event—a function of thanks for all Gardens and State Herbarium volunteers hosted by the Board on International Volunteer Day. The event provides the opportunity to recognise the importance of volunteers and their work for the Gardens.

• ATCO Heritage Rose Garden launch—highlighted this unique rose garden at Mount Lofty Botanic Garden. The Garden traces the origins of the rose and contains around 155 roses including many heritage roses from which many modern roses have been bred.

• Adelaide Symphony Orchestra—an evening concert of classics once again proving popular with an audience of more 2500 people at Adelaide Garden.

• Moonlight Cinema in Botanic Park, the cinema again screened popular cult and traditional movies six evenings a week. The Botanic Gardens of Adelaide again hosted a fundraising special screening (in collaboration with Moonlight Cinema) with proceeds donated to support Gardens’ programs

• Adelaide Symphony Orchestra Alfresco—an evening concert of classics was once again popular with more 2000 people attending at Mount Lofty Botanic Garden.

• Wittunga Under the Stars—the Blackwood Lions returned to Wittunga Botanic Garden to host their annual community music event for approximately 500 people.

• Wind in the Willows as told by Mr Badger—Splash Theatre returned to Adelaide Botanic Garden with its popular performance of this children’s favourite for the 2011 Adelaide Fringe season.

• WOMADelaide—a four-day festival that attracted around 80, 000 people to Botanic Park for a family friendly world music, arts and dance festival.

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• Adelaide Youth Orchestra community performance—a selection of classical, world and popular music performed at the Schomburgk Pavilion.

• Come Out Festival—launched its program in Adelaide Botanic Garden with two art installations: Message

Sticks, an installation of colourfully painted poles highlighted environmental topics in the SA Water Mediterranean Garden; while Play Me, I’m Yours

showcased a botanically themed painted piano installed in the Schomburgk Pavilion.

• Jeannie Baker Mirror exhibition—reflected the lives of two families (one from Australia and the other from Morocco). The exhibition and accompanying book explored the bridge between cultures and the notion that despite outward differences they are mirrors of each other.

• World Environment Day School Quiz Trail—around 1500 school students from around South Australia converged on the Garden for the purpose of learning about environmental issues and celebrating the positive actions they have taken.

Journal of the Adelaide Botanic GardensThe Journal publishes research articles in systematic botany, botanical history and related fields. Peer reviewed, it meets international standards and is distributed mainly by exchange to interstate and overseas institutions. Volume 24 was published in December 2010, and contains 12 research papers dealing with taxonomy, plant biology and genetics.

In line with national trends, all past volumes of the Journal were converted to digital format ready for online presentation. Public release will occur following technical completion.

Garden of Ideas Exhibition

Play Me, I’m Yours - themed piano

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Human Resource ManagementBoard members feesMembers of the Board are paid the following remuneration levels as determined by the Governor: Presiding Member $18 334, Members $12 383.

Staffing The Board has no staff of its own and uses the services of DENR. Reporting on this matter is contained in the DENR Annual Report 2010–2011.

Equal opportunity Members are aware of and abide by the equal opportunity policies and programs of DENR. Reporting on this matter may be viewed in the DENR Annual Report 2010–2011.

Occupational health, safety and injury managementAs a user of the DENR facilities and equipment, the Board is aware of and abides by DENR Occupational Health Safety & Welfare (OHSW) policies. DENR Management monitors and reports to the Board against OHSW targets each month. Reporting on this matter is contained in the DENR Annual Report 2010–2011.

The Board continues to regularly improve OHSW management through staff engagement in policy development and implementation.

Regular OHSW meetings and building compliance audits were conducted throughout the year. Other initiatives included:

• An internal DENR audit of Botanic Gardens’ policies— Remote and Isolated Work Policy, Remote and Isolated Field Based Work Policy, Personal and Physical Security Policy and UV and Extreme Heat Policy

• Mount Lofty Botanic Garden emergency response training with fire drill evacuation and fire warden training

• Annual heat stress management, manual handling and step-back risk assessment training programs for staff

• Review of the Botanic Gardens Injury Management Plan

• Development of local safe operating procedure, Mount Lofty Botanic Garden Response to Fire Danger Rating 50+

• Further development of the Botanic Gardens Significant Hazard Register

• Review of induction procedures throughout the Botanic Gardens for staff and volunteers

• An application for submission to the 2011 Safe Work Week Awards, under the category, ‘Best Solution to an Identified Workplace Health and Safety Issue’

• Global corporate challenge involving a healthy walking program for staff

• Safety improvements with the installation of security cameras at the administration area and front gates of the Mount Lofty Botanic Gardens, Schomburgk Pavilion, Garden of Health and shed at Plane Tree Drive in the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.

Fire managementIn implementing the Mount Lofty Botanic Garden Response to Fire Danger Rating 50+, Botanic Gardens management looked to ensure the safety of staff, volunteers and the public on days of high fire risk. Other initiatives undertaken in 2010–2011 included:

• Mount Lofty and Wittunga Botanic Gardens’ staff undertook emergency response, fire evacuation and fire warden training

• The annual prescribed fire-slashing program was carried out around Garden boundaries and access points

• As an extension to the fire and emergency response, the annual audit of Mount Lofty was carried out and actions documented

• The Mount Lofty Botanic Garden external fire crew attended pre-season training with DENR Cleland Brigade, and assisted with fuel-reduction efforts

• The Mount Lofty Botanic Garden fire-fighting equipment was upgraded to provide more effective pumping capacity in front-line situations.

The Board appreciates that its work would not be possible without the support of its sponsors, who contribute so generously throughout the year. For this, the Board extends its sincere thanks.

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Major sponsorsSantos Limited News Limited SA Water Corporation BHP Billiton WorkCoverSA

SponsorsATCO Company

Orlando Wines

Land Management Corporation

Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board

Neutrog Fertilisers

Bank SA

Haigh’s Chocolates

The Board also works closely with State Government agencies, and acknowledges and thanks:

• DENR and Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI)—for continuous support, advice and assistance with the Board’s capital works program.

• DECS for providing a seconded Education Officer to manage the Board’s schools outreach program.

• Health SA for funding support for the community Kitchen Garden Program and coordinator.

The Board is proud to be associated with Santos, which continued its valuable contribution to the Gardens with the following ongoing initiatives:

• Exhibition program at the Santos Museum of Economic Botany

• Development of the Kitchen Garden Program (pilot program)

• Conservation of threatened species and landscape reconstruction.

The Board also acknowledges its alliance with WorkCoverSA and SA Water, alignments that enable the community to enjoy the benefits of two of the Garden’s iconic interpretive demonstration gardens—the Garden of Health and SA Water Mediterranean Garden. Through the support of these organisations, interpretive displays and educative programs help visitors to gain a greater appreciation and understanding of the role and importance of plants in maintaining health and wellbeing and living more sustainably.

Our Partners

ATCO Heritage Rose Garden Launch, Stephen Forbes (Director, Botanic Gardens of Adelaide) & Geoff Walsh (past Managing Director ATCO).

Gavin Jackman (Group Executive Public Affairs - Santos) & Judy Potter (Chair, Botanic Gardens & State Herbarium).

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Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation

The Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation supports the Board to conserve what has been inherited from the past, to maintain current projects and programs and fund new opportunities for the future.

The Foundation is the trustee of the not-for-profit Adelaide Botanic Gardens Fund, which has a tax deductible gift recipient status for taxation purposes and is governed by an independent committee.

The Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation has continued to evolve in 2010, further developing the core purpose of generating income for the Board. Recommendations from the Halliday Report conducted in late 2010 have been implemented, strengthening governance and relationships with the Board, Friends and staff of the Botanic Gardens.

The production of a biannual newsletter and invitations to functions, such as the Simon Bryant Cook Off, have contributed to the supporters of the Foundation being informed of current campaigns and engaged in the life of the Gardens.

The Ladies Wisteria Lunch was part of the campaign to raise funds for the Garden of Health. Foundation funds were used to support the final project from the G150 Appeal—the Western Entrance. A significant gift from the Thyne Reid Foundation enabled the commissioning and placement of the central interpretive installation within the Healing Garden in the Garden of Health.

The Foundation thanks past Chair Mrs Ruth Hemmerling for her commitment and passion that was a source of inspiration for Foundation donors, the committee and volunteers. The Foundation achieved many milestones during Ruth’s chairmanship, including the launch of the Foundation website and events such as the ‘Evening with Peter Cundall and Sophie Thomson’ and the ‘Homegrown Gala Dinner’.

The Foundation was very sad to accept the resignation of Mrs Fiona MacLachlan OAM from the committee. The hours that Fiona attended meetings were only a fraction of the time she spent thinking about and caring for the Gardens. Fiona embraced everyone associated with the Gardens and was always particularly interested in the stories behind the collections.

Foundation CommitteeMs Judy Potter (Chair) Dr Chris Laurie (Deputy Chair) OAM Mr Tom Verco (Treasurer) Mrs Ruth Hemmerling Mr Peter Cundall AM Mrs Helena Jenkinson (Friends of Botanic Gardens of Adelaide) Mrs Jan Angas

Ex OfficioMr Stephen Forbes, Director of Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

Invited GuestsMs Kate Punshon, Manager Business Development and Strategic Partnerships

Foundation AmbassadorsWe thank the Foundation Ambassadors for their loyalty and commitment to the Gardens in 2010.

Garden of Health AmbassadorsMr Peter Cundall AM Mr Hieu Van Le AO Mrs Jane Doyle

Kitchen Garden AmbassadorsMr Michael KeelanMr Ian ParmenterDaniel Lutz, Youth AmbassadorMr Simon Bryant

The Foundation acknowledges the significant contribution of the following:

Francis Principal

Our thanks to Santos as the Francis Principal supporter

Schomburgk Circle Morley Circle

The Advertiser Adelaide Airport BHP Billiton Balnaves Foundation SA Water Beach Energy Thyne Reid Foundation Coopers Brewery WorkcoverSA Gerard Corporation Macquarie Private Wealth Perpetual

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Reconciliation Statement The Board acknowledges that the land on which it meets is the traditional lands for the Kaurna people. It respects their special relationship with this land. The Board also acknowledges the Kaurna people’s belief as to their custodial roles for the land of the greater Adelaide region,

and notes that their cultural and heritage beliefs are still important to many Kaurna people today. In fulfilling its functions, the Board is aware of the cultural heritage of the traditional owners and strives to achieve mutually satisfying outcomes wherever these matters are concerned.

In acknowledging the enduring contribution of the Friends of the Botanic Gardens, the Board pays tribute to the enthusiasm consistently demonstrated in their objective to foster interest in the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and to raise funds for the benefit of the Botanic Gardens. Founded in 1977, the Friends’ membership remains strong, and the Friends continue to provide a range of visitor services that would not otherwise be available. During the year, the Friends Garden Guides conducted a total of 522 walks for 3472 visitors across the three Gardens, including themed walks to further support the Board’s events and programs. Themed walks were specifically developed for the Mirror and the Gardens of Ideas exhibitions, Water Wise at Wittunga and Plant It, Grow It, Eat It community days and Opens days

associated with Government House, Paleontology Week and History Week. Garden Guides also played a major role in World Environment Day and National Tree Day. Regular plant sales of plants that had been propagated from the collections (and therefore not available through retail nurseries) were held at Mount Lofty Botanic Garden. The Friends contributed considerable time and effort to the Plant Biodiversity Centre, State Herbarium, Visitor Information Centre, library and the Santos Museum of Economic Botany exhibition program. A highlight of social and educational activities was a guided trip to France. Of the eight botanical art workshops conducted, a number were booked out. The Friends 2010–2011 program is provided as Appendix 6

Friends of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide

Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation, Wisteria Luncheon

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Mandatory ReportingUse of consultantsThe Board did not engage any consultants in the reporting period.

Overseas travelIt is declared that no member of the Board travelled overseas on the business of the Board during the reporting period.

As custodians of the state’s primary botanical collections the Board and DENR supported staff travel to ensure the ongoing development, conservation and curation of the state’s living collections, and cultural heritage. The Board contributed $8813 to fund two staff to further develop international exchange collaborations. Staff activities funded by DENR is contained in the DENR Annual Report 2010-2011

Disability action plan reportingThe Board uses the facilities and services of the staff of DENR. The members of the Board are aware of and abide by their obligations under the Commonwealth Disability

Discrimination Act 1992 and the State Equal Opportunity

Act 1984. The Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium also supports South Australia’s Strategic Plan Objective 6—Expanding Opportunity.

All the educational programs within the Gardens are adaptable to people with disability, aiming to anticipate, adapt and respond flexibly as needs arise. Further reporting on this matter is contained in the DENR Annual Report 2010–2011.

Asbestos managementReporting on this matter is contained in the DENR Annual Report 2010–2011.

Urban design charterNo events occurred in 2010–2011 that required the Board to consider the principles of urban design contained in the South Australian Urban Design Charter.

Freedom of information statement and statisticsThe Board participates in and abides by the arrangements outlined in the DENR Freedom of Information regime. Reporting on this matter is available on the DENR website: www.environment.sa.gov.au

Energy efficiency action plan reportingReporting on this matter is contained in the DENR Annual Report 2010–2011.

Greening of Government operations reportingThe GoGO Framework relates to waste, energy and water. Management of the Gardens is environmentally focused and all events are organised to minimise any impact on the environment. Further reporting on the GoGO framework is contained in the DENR Annual Report 2010–2011.

Regional impact assessment statementThe Board undertook no Regional Impact Assessment Statements in 2010–2011.

FraudThere were no instances of fraud detected in the activities undertaken by the Board. Financial services were provided to the Board by DENR. Strategies to detect instances of fraud are reported in the DENR Annual Report 2010–2011.

Whistleblowers Reporting requirements against the Whistleblowers

Protection Act 1993 require the Board to report on the number of occasions on which public interest information has been disclosed to a Responsible Officer of the agency. There were no disclosures made during the 2010–2011 financial year.

Adelaide Youth Orchestra performance.

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Financial PerformanceThe Board is a body corporate under section 6 of the Act and is required to cause proper accounts to be kept of its financial affairs. The Auditor General may at any time, and at least once in each year, audit the accounts of the Board. The Board must, on or before 30 September in each year, present a report to the Minister on the operations of the Board during the preceding financial year. This report must include the audited statement of accounts of the Board for the financial year to which the report relates.

Account Payment PerformanceDENR provides administrative resources for processing account payments. The Board’s reporting on this matter is contained in the DENR Annual Report 2010–2011.

Contractual ArrangementsThe Botanic Gardens has not entered into any contracts in excess of $4 million; however, as part of the Botanic Gardens First Creek Wetland Aquifer Recharge & Reuse Project DTEI, on behalf of DENR, has entered into a contract in excess of $4 million with Building Solutions Pty Ltd.

Financial Report

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Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

Annual Financial StatementsFor the year ended 30 June 2011

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Appendix 1: PublicationsStaff or associates assigned to the business of the Board are in bold. * refereed publication.

*Ainsley, PJ and Jones, MK. 2010. Overcoming physiological dormancy in semi-arid Prostanthera (Labiatae). Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 24: 1–5.

*Ainsley, PJ and Lee, TC. 2010. A method to induce adventitious rooting in microshoot cultures of Thryptomene ericaea (Myrtaceae). Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 24: 7–9.

Barker, RM. 2010. Collecting plant specimens. Across the Outback 52: 6–7.

*Biffin E, Brodribb TJ, Hill RS, Thomas P and Lowe AJ. 2011. Leaf evolution in Southern Hemisphere conifers tracks the angiosperm ecological radiation. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Science. Published online, 8 June 2011, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0559.

*Burge, DO and Barker, WR. 2010. Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation by Stackhousia tryonii (Celastraceae), a serpentinite-endemic plant from Queensland, Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 23(6): 415–430.

*Chinnock, RJ. 2010. Some observations on Salsola L. (Chenopodiaceae) in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 24: 75–79.

Chinnock, RJ. 2010. Living Rocks II—Pleiospilos ‘Johanna’. Cactus and Succulent Journal (NSW) 27 (5):82–84.

*Cross, HB, Lowe, AJ and Gurgel, CFD. 2010. DNA barcoding of invasive species, Ch 22 in Fifty Years of Invasion Ecology: The Legacy of Charles Elton (ed DM Richardson), Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

*De Lange, PJ, Smissen, RD, Wagstaff, SJ, Keeling, DJ, Murray, BG and Toelken, HR. 2010. A molecular phylogeny and infrageneric classification for Kunzea (Myrtaceae) inferred from rDNA ITS and ETS sequences. Australian Systematic Botany 23: 309–319.

*Dormontt, EE, Lowe, AJ and Prentis, PJ. 2010. Is rapid adaptive evolution important in successful invasions? Ch 14 in Fifty Years of Invasion Ecology: The Legacy of Charles Elton (ed DM Richardson), Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

Duval, D. 2011. Rediscovering the Tarcoola Swainson-Pea. Samara, The International Newsletter of the Partners of the Millenium Seed Bank Partnership. 20: 13.

Kellermann, J (ed). 2010. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, Volume 24.

Jusaitis, M. 2010. Augmentation of a Whibley Wattle population in South Australia by translocation. In PS Soorae (ed), Global Re-introduction Perspectives: Additional case-studies from around the globe. IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, Abu Dhabi, UAE, pp 297–300.

Jusaitis, M. 2010. Enhancement of Monarto Mintbush populations in South Australia by translocations. In PS Soorae (ed), Global Re-introduction Perspectives: Additional case-studies from around the globe. IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, Abu Dhabi, UAE, pp 306–310.

*Lally, TR and Barker, WR. 2010. Taxonomic notes on South Australian Ptilotus (Amaranthaceae). Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 24: 47–52.

Lowe, AJ. 2010. Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium. Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 June 2010-31 July 2010. Molecular Ecology Resources 10(6): 1106–1108.

*Lowe, AJ and Cross, HB. 2011. The Application of DNA to Timber Tracking and Origin Verification. Journal of the International Association of Wood Anatomists 32(2): 251–262.

*Lowe, AJ, Harris, D, Dormontt, EE and Dawson, IK. 2011. Testing putative African tropical forest refugia using chloroplast and nuclear DNA phylogeography. Tropical Plant Biology 3(1): 50–58.

*Lowe, AJ, Wong, K-N; Tiong, Y-S, Iyerh, S and Chew, F-T. 2010. A DNA method to verify the integrity of timber supply chains; confirming the legal sourcing of merbau timber from logging concession to sawmill. Silvae Genetica 59(6): 263–268.

*McMullan-Fisher, SJM, May, TW, Robinson, RM, Bell, TL, Lebel, T, Catcheside, PS and York, A. 2011. Fungi and fire in Australian ecosystems: a review of current knowledge, management implications and future directions. Australian Journal of Botany 59: 70–90.

*Ottewell, KM, Bickerton, D and Lowe, AJ. 2011. Can a seed bank provide demographic and genetic rescue in a declining population of the endangered shrub Acacia pinguifolia? Conservation Genetics 12(3) 669–678.

*Parnell, JAN, Womersley, HBS, Sinkora, D, Vaughan, A and Huisman, JM. 2010. W.H. Harvey’s Australian Travelling Sets of Algae in the Herbarium of Trinity College Dublin and the National Herbarium of Victoria, Australia. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 110B, 119–161.

*Poczai, P, Cseh, A, Taller, J and Symon, D. 2011. Genetic diversity and relationships in Solanum subg. Archaesolanum (Solanaceae) based on RAPD and chloroplast PCR-RFLP analyses. Plant Systematics and Evolution 291: 35–47.

*Poczai, P, Hyvonen, J and Symon, D. 2011. Phylogeny of kangaroo apples (Solanum subg. Archaesolanum, Solanaceae). Molecular Biology Reports published online: DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0675-8.

*Pringle, A, Adams, RI, Cross, HB and Bruns, TD. 2009. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita phalloides was introduced and is expanding its range on the west coast of North America. Molecular Ecology 18: 817–833.

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*Sgrò, CM, Lowe, AJ and Hoffmann, A. 2011. Building evolutionary resilience for conserving biodiversity under climate change. Evolutionary Applications 4(2): 326–337.

Sharp, A, Clarke, A, Jusaitis, M, Pieck, A, Slattery, P and Potter, D. 2010. Translocations of the critically endangered spiny daisy in the Mid-north of South Australia. In PS Soorae (ed), Global Re-introduction Perspectives: Additional case studies from around the globe. IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, Abu Dhabi, UAE, pp 340–344.

*Toelken, HR. 2010. Notes on Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae) 5. H. melhanioides and H. tomentosa groups from tropical Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 23: 1–117.

*Toelken, HR. 2010. Notes on Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae) 6. Three new species and a new combination in the H. stricta complex from South Australia and Victoria. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 24: 57–66.

*Waters, J, Wernberg, T, Connell, SD, Thomsen, MS, Zuccarello, G, Kraft, GT, Sanderson, C, West, J and Gurgel CFD. 2010. Australian Marine Bioregions Revisited: back to the future? Austral Ecology 35: 988–992.

*Weeks, AR, Endersby, NM, Lange, CL, Lowe, AJ, Zalucki, MP and Hoffmann, AA. 2010. Genetic variation among Helicoverpa armigera populations as assessed by microsatellites: a cautionary tale about accurate allele scoring. Bulletin of Entomological Research 100(4): 445–450.

*Wolfe, BE, Richard, F, Cross, HB and Pringle, A. 2010. Distribution and abundance of the introduced ectomycorrhizal fungus, Amanita phalloides, in North America. New Phytologist 185: 803–816.

Appendix 2: Research CollaborationsProf Richard Abbot, University of St Andrews and Prof Loren Rieseberg, University of British Columbia, Canada (Prof A Lowe: weed genetics and speciation).

Australian Plant Census (APC) network of contributors (Mrs Robyn Barker: APC is a database of the accepted scientific names for the Australian vascular flora, both native and introduced, and lists synonyms and misapplications for these names. Taxonomy and nomenclature needs to meet international standards and may require original research or correspondence with appropriate experts).

Dr Jessica Beever, Landcare Research, NZ (Graham Bell: Flora

of Australia treatment of the moss family Pottiaceae).

Dr Neale Bougher, Department for Environment and Conservation, WA (Mrs Pam Catcheside: The fungal genus Plicaria in Australia).

Dr Dylan Burge, Duke University, USA and Dr Michael Kiehn, University and Botanic Gardens, Vienna, Austria (Dr Bill Barker: Evolution of nickel uptake in Stackhousia and morphological, karyological and molecular evolution in Stackhousiaceae).

Dr Dylan Burge, Duke University, USA & National Herbarium of New South Wales and Ms Melissa Islam, University of Colorado, USA (Dr Jürgen Kellermann: Rhamnaceae diversification, esp. Ceanothus & Ziziphus).

Dr Stephen Cavers, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK and Drs Carlos Navarro and Bryan Finegan, Central American Tropical Research Centre, Costa Rica (Prof A Lowe: Neotropical tree biogeography, phylogeography and gene flow dynamics).

Dr John Conran, The University of Adelaide (Mrs Robyn Barker: Correct name for Lavatera species transferred to Malva).

Dr Tom Daniel, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco,

USA and Drs Lucinda McDade and Erin Tripp, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, USA (Mrs Robyn Barker: matters pertaining to Australian Acanthaceae).

Dr Elaine Davison, Curtin University (Mrs Pam Catcheside: Australian desert fungal taxonomy).

Peter de Lange, Auckland University, NZ (Dr Hellmut Toelken: Kunzea phylogeny).

Prof Hong Deyuan, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Dr Bob Chinnock: Myoporaceae treatment for Flora of China).

Dr Dwayne Estes, University of Tennessee, USA (Dr Bill Barker: A world revision of Gratiola (Plantaginaceae~Scrophulariaceae).

Dr Kathy Evans, Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research and Dr Molly Whalen, Flinders University (Dr David Symon and Mrs Robyn Barker: Blackberry identification in Australia and globally).

Dr Natalia Ivanova, International Barcode of Life Project & University of Guelph, Canada (Dr Hugh Cross: Barcoding the soil crusts of Australian arid lands (AusCrust).

Duncan Jardine, The University of Adelaide (Dr David Symon: Sequences of Asian and Australian Lycianthes).

Prof Antoine Kremer and Dr Remy Petit, National Agronomic Research Institute, France and Dr Giovanni Vendramin, National Research Centre, Italy (Prof Andrew Lowe: Temperate and tropical tree population genetics).

Prof David Lambert, Massey University, NZ (Prof Andrew Lowe: Evolutionary biology).

Dr Teresa Lebel, National Herbarium of Victoria (Mrs Pam Catcheside: Boletaceous truffles; the ascomycete genus Plicaria in Australia).

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Dr Duncan Mackay, Flinders University, SA (Dr Bill Barker: Biogeography of South Australian flora from State Herbarium specimen data).

Dr Adrienne Markey, Biodiversity Conservation Science Centre, Department for Environment and Conservation, WA; Steven Dillon, Western Australian Herbarium and G. Cockerton, Environmental Consultant, WA (Mrs Robyn Barker: New Sida species for WA).

Dr Tom May, National Herbarium of Victoria et al. (Mrs Pam Catcheside: Fungimap mapping and documentation of Australian fungi).

Drs Tom May and Teresa Lebel, National Herbarium of Victoria; Dr Richard Robinson, Department of Environment and Conservation, WA & Bushfire CRC; Dr Tina Bell and Alan York, Department of Forest & Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne and Sapphire McMullan- Fisher, University of Tasmania (Mrs Pam Catcheside: Review commissioned by Victorian National Parks Association (VNPA) and University of Tasmania: Fungi and fire – management of fungi and environments after bushfire for Restoration Ecology and Management).

Prof Diego Medan and Ms Silvana Gambino, Universita de Buenos Aires, Argentina and Dr Lone Aagesen, Instituto Darwinion, Argentina (Dr Jürgen Kellermann: Flower and fruit morphology of Rhamnaceae, esp. Pomaderreae & Colletieae).

Dr David Merritt, Kings Park Botanic Gardens, Western Australia and Dr Amelia Martyn, Mount Annan Botanic Gardens, New South Wales (Dr Phil Ainsley: predictive longevity of Australian native seeds).

Dr Josephine Milne and Ms Helen Jolley, National Herbarium of Victoria (Graham Bell: Flora of Australia treatment of the moss family Pottiaceae).

Drs Ethan Milton and Austin Mast, Florida State University, USA and Dr Peter Weston, National Herbarium of New South Wales (Dr Bill and Mrs Robyn Barker: A phylogeny of Hakea on morphological and molecular evidence).

National Blackberry Taskforce, Kelly Snell, DPI Victoria (Dr Bill and Mrs Robyn Barker, Mr Chris Brodie, Dr David Symon, Dr Molly Whalen: assistance in updating the National Blackberry Research Strategy and setting future directions for research activities in blackberry).

Prof John Parnell, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland (Prof Bryan Womersley: Identification of the algal specimens composing the travelling sets used by Irish phycologist William Harvey in his visit to Australia in 1854–5).

Prof Hugh Possingham and Dr Yvonne Buckley, University of Queensland (Prof Andrew Lowe: Biogeography, dispersal and weed population dynamics).

Prof Dave Richardson and Dr John Wilson, Stellenbosch

University, South Africa (Prof Andrew Lowe: Weed ecology and evolution—joint Working for Water Programme grant, South African Government).

Dr Richard Robinson, Department of Conservation, Manjimup, WA (Mrs Pam Catcheside: The genus Laccocephalum (stonemakers) in Australia).

Drs Maurizio Rosetto and Darren Crayn, National Herbarium of New South Wales and Dr Pete Hollingsworth, Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, UK (Prof Andrew Lowe: Plant biogeography and speciation in the Australasian region).

Dr Jennifer Tate, Massey University, NZ (Dr Bill and Mrs Robyn Barker: Collaboration on Malvaceae, particularly Malveae, in Australia and New Zealand).

Drs Kevin Thiele, Michael Hislop and Terry Macfarlane, Western Australian Herbarium (Mrs Robyn Barker: New Abutilon species for Western Australia).

Dr Frank Udovicic and Neville Walsh, National Herbarium of Victoria and Drs Barbara Rye and Kevin Thiele, Western Australian Herbarium (Dr Jürgen Kellermann: Revision of Rhamnaceae for Flora of Australia, Flora of South Australia,

Flora of Tasmania).

Dr Ernst Vitek, Naturhistorische Museum, Vienna, Austria and Prof Andrea Wolf, Ohio State University, USA (Dr Bill Barker: Karyology, population genetics and phylogenetics in Australasian Euphrasia).

Dr Kerry Wilkinson, Wine and Horticulture, The University of Adelaide (Dr David Symon: Kangaroo Apple (Solanum subgenus Archaesolanum) fruit analysis; flavour and aroma).

Dr Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Beijing Genomics Institute & University of Alberta, Canada (Dr Hugh Cross: The Thousand Plant Phenome Project).

Dr Tingshuang Yi, Kunmin Botanic Institute, China; Prof Doug Soltis, University of Florida, USA; Prof Diego Medan, Universita de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dr Dylan Burge, Duke University, USA & National Herbarium of New South Wales and Dr Frank Udovicic, National Herbarium of Victoria (Dr Jürgen Kellermann: World-wide phylogeny of Rhamnaceae).

Dr Tony Young, Private consultant, Mycological taxonomy, Queensland (Mrs Pam Catcheside: Coral fungi in fire sites).

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Appendix 3: Scientific GrantsIndustry Grants

Dr Phil Ainsley. Iluka Resources Ltd. Restoration Technology Project (2010–2013). Principle researcher Dr Jennifer Guerin.

Dr Phil Ainsley. Millennium Seed Bank, United Kingdom. Transition Programme for the SACRED Seeds Project (2010–2011).

Dr Phil Ainsley. Santos Ltd. SACRED Seeds Project (2009–2013).

Competitive Grants

Dr Phil Ainsley. Conserving threatened flora in the Murray Darling Basin. Native Vegetation Council Significant Environmental Benefits Grant (2011–2012; $46 452).

Dr Phil Ainsley. Threatened flora in the Mt Barker area. Native Vegetation Council Significant Environmental Benefits Grant (2010-2011; $29 760).

Dr Hugh Cross. Impact of grazing on lichens in Murray Basin. SA Native Vegetation Research Grant (2010; $16 230).

Prof Andrew Lowe and Dr Jeff Foulkes. National Scientific Reference Site Network—Australian Rangeland Ecosystems. Component of South Australian consortium application (coordinators Meyer W and Lowe AJ) for Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. NCRIS-DEST (2009–2012; $3 million).

Prof Andrew Lowe with Stuart Pillman, (Department for Environment and Natural Resources, SA), Paul Coddington and Chris Jenkins (The University of Adelaide) Eco-informatics—integrating and visualizing ecosystems information. Component of South Australian consortium application (coordinators Meyer W and Lowe AJ) for Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. NCRIS-DEST (2009–2012; $4.5 million).

Prof Andrew Lowe, Dr Fred Gurgel and Dr Jeff Foulkes, with Hayman P, Bradshaw CJ, Brook B, Cooper A, Ophel-Keller K, Tanner J and Hamden R. TRansect for ENvironmental monitoring and Decision making (TREND): Adaptive management of productive and native systems for climate change. Premier’s Science and Research Fund (2010–2013; $1.35 million).

Prof Andrew Lowe, part of team lead by Prof Steve Williams (James Cook University) and including Hughes L, Stafford–Smith M, Possingham H, Hoffman A, Brook B, Pressey B, Williams D, Garnett S, Kitching R, Thomas C and Moritz C. Terrestrial Biodiversity, Adaptation Research Network, National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (2009-2013; $1.6 million).

Prof Andrew Lowe, part of team led by Prof Wayne Meyer (The University of Adelaide). Climate Change, Communities and Environment: Building Research Capability to Identify Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Options for South Australian Landscapes. Premier’s Science and Research Fund (2009–2012; $1.26 million).

Prof Andrew Lowe, part of team led by Prof Dave Richardson (Stellenbosch University, South Africa. Research for integrated management of invasive alien species; Using genetic techniques to improve understanding and management of invasive alien plant species in South Africa. Working for Water Programme, South African Government (2007–2010; South African R 1.4 million—$200 000).

Prof Andrew Lowe, part of team led by Dr David Paton and Prof Bob Hill (The University of Adelaide). Habitat reconstruction and restoration: securing biodiversity assets in the face of climate change. Working group within ARC Environmental Futures Network (2007–2010; $57 000).

Prof Andrew Lowe, with Bradshaw C, van den Hengel A, Brook B and Cooper A (The University of Adelaide) Multi-model predictions of ecosystem flux under climate change based on novel genetic and image analysis methods. ARC Super Science Fellowships, FS1102 00051 (2011-2014; $556 000).

Prof Andrew Lowe, with Martin Breed and Dr Kym Ottewell (The University of Adelaide). Developing best-practice approaches for restoring River Murray forest ecosystems that are resilient to climate change. SA Native Vegetation Research Grant (2010–2012; $45 000).

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Appendix 4: Research StudentsPostdoctorate

Dr Ed Biffin. The evolution and radiation of the Podocarpaceae. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe. (2007–2010).

Dr Mike Gardner, University of Adelaide/Flinders University. Climate change refugia and conservation genetics in South Australia. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe, employed through ARC, DEH and Flinders University (2006–2012).

Dr Kym Ottewell, University of Adelaide. Rare plant conservation genetics, supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Doug Bickerton employed on DEH grant (2008–2010).

Ph.D

Ms Rina Aleman, University of South Australia. Investigating the seed biology and germination requirements of Brachyscome species in South Australia. Supervised by Dr Phil Ainsley and Dr Manfred Jusaitis in conjunction with Drs Fleur Tiver and Joan Gibbs, University of South Australia.

Mr Gareth Belton, University of Adelaide. Phylogeography and the relict species concept of the macroalgal flora of the Great Australian Bight and SA Gulfs. Supervised by Dr Fred Gurgel and Prof Andrew Lowe.

Mr Martin Breed, University of Adelaide. Restoration and landscape genetics, modelling and planning. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe.

Mr Austin Brown, University of Adelaide. Speciation mechanisms in Australasian Lachnagrostis. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe and Dr Hugh Cross in conjunction with Prof David Cantrill and D Murphy, University of Adelaide.

Mr Craig Costion, University of Adelaide. The great Australasian floral interchange; developing phylogenetic methods for biogeography and conservation. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe and Dr Hugh Cross in conjunction with Prof Darren Crayn, Australian Tropical Herbarium, Cairns.

Ms Rainbo Dixon, Murdoch University. Systematics of the genus Sargassum in Australia, supervised by Dr Fred Gurgel in conjunction with Dr John Huisman, Murdoch University.

Mr Will Dodt, University of Adelaide. Comparative paleo-genomics of the Arctic Tundra ecosystem (CP-GATE). Supervised by Dr Hugh Cross in conjunction with Prof Alan Cooper, University of Adelaide.

Ms Ellie Dormontt, University of Adelaide. Ecological and genomic approaches to address alternative hypotheses in a recent Australian weed Senecio. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Dr Peter Prentis.

Ms Bianca Dunker, Flinders University. Landscape genetics

and fire. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Prof Mike Bull and Dr Don Driscoll.

Mr Todd Erickson, University of Western Australia. Investigating the improved usage of Triodia species for restoration works. Supervised by Dr Phil Ainsley in conjunction with Prof Kingsley Dixon and Drs David Merritt and Shane Turner, Kings Park Botanic Gardens, WA.

Ms Patricia Fuentes-Cross, University of Adelaide. Humans as agents of landscape change in Australia: vegetation turn over and domestication. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Dr Maarten Ryder, CSIRO.

Mr William Grant, University of Adelaide. Ecology, physiology and phylogeography of Caulerpa taxifolia. Supervised by Dr Fred Gurgel.

Mr James Hereward, University of Queensland. Host association, co-evolution and gene flow in mirids. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Prof Gimme Walter, University of Queensland.

Ms Margaret Heslewood, University of Adelaide. Biogeography of Cunoniaceae. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Maruizio Rosetto, National Herbarium of New South Wales; and Prof Darren Crayn, Australian Tropical Herbarium, Cairns.

Ms Fran MacGillivray, University of Adelaide. Tracking phenological shifts and evolutionary impacts due to climate change. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Dr John Conran, University of Adelaide.

Mr Rohan Melick, University of Adelaide. Investigating the influence of past climate change on the distribution of Podocarpus: Evidence from fossil and molecular data. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Prof Bob Hill, The University of Adelaide; and Dr Maurizio Rosetto, National Herbarium of New South Wales.

Ms Sheryn Pitman, University of South Australia. Ecological literacy and sustainability: an evaluation of the ecological literacy of the South Australian adult population. Supervised by Prof Chris Daniels, University of South Australia.

Ms Jolene Scoble, University of Adelaide. Novel approaches for assessing historical and contemporary vegetation condition in Australian rangelands. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Anita Smyth and Leo Joseph, CSIRO.

Ms Elen Shute, University of Adelaide. Evaluating climate shifts in the Pleistocene-Holocene transition using stable isotopes and ancient DNA. Supervised by Dr Hugh Cross in conjunction with Prof Alan Cooper, University of Adelaide.

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Ms Nuttanun Soisup, University of Adelaide. Molecular systematics of marine macroalgae. Supervised by Dr Fred Gurgel and Prof Andrew Lowe.

Ms Emma Steggles, University of Adelaide. Investigating soil seed bank dynamics of the Western Myall (Acacia papyrocarpa) woodland within Yellabinna Regional Reserve. Supervised by Dr Phil Ainsley in conjunction with Prof Jose Facelli and Dr Leanne Pound, University of Adelaide.

Mr Samuel Taylor, University of Adelaide. Ecology, Physiology and Phylogeography of Caulerpa racemosa. Supervised by Dr Fred Gurgel.

Ms Jessie Wells, University of Queensland. Spatial ecology of plant regeneration in secondary rainforests of the wet tropics. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe in conjunction with Prof Hugh Possingham, University of Queensland.

M.Sc

Ms Fadiya Hallaby, University of Adelaide. Further investigation of native orange (Capparis mitchellii) and native lime (Citrus glauca) micropropagation. Supervised by Dr Phil Ainsley and Dr Manfred Jusaitis in conjunction with Dr Michelle Wirthensohn, University of Adelaide.

Mrs Tracey Spokes, University of Adelaide. Phylogeography of selected Australian macroalgae. Supervised by Dr Fred Gurgel in conjunction with Prof Corey Bradshaw.

BSc (Hons)

Ms Nicole Dowling, University of Adelaide. Seed quality and asymbiotic germination techniques for native terrestrial orchid species. Supervised by Dr Manfred Jusaitis and Dr Phil Ainsley in conjunction with Assoc Prof David Paton, University of Adelaide.

Ms Kimberly McCallum, University of Adelaide. A multidisciplinary approach to conserving Callistemon teretifolius in a changing climate. Supervised by Prof Andrew Lowe and Dr Greg Guerin.

Ms Stephanie Papantoniou, The University of Adelaide. Effects of climate change on the ecology & physiology of selected SA calcified marine red algae. Supervised by Dr Fred Gurgel.

Ms Chelsea Tothill, University of Adelaide. Molecular systematics of the red algal genus Hypnea (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Supervised by Dr Fred Gurgel.

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Appendix 5: Organisational Chart

FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THEBOTANIC GARDEN AND STATE HERBARIUM

JUNE 2010

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Appendix 6: Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium Staff ListDirector’s OfficeStephen Forbes, Executive Director, Director Botanic Gardens

and State Herbarium and Executive Director, Botanic Gardens

Phil Ainsley, Manager, Strategy and Planning

Helen Bariamis, Support Services Officer

Penny Beumer, Horticultural Project Supervisor

Doug Bickerton, Manager, SA Seed Conservation Centre

Claire Bockner, Museum Attendant

Andrew Carrick, Manager, Garden Operations

Trevor Christensen, Deputy Director

Karen Dankiw, Information Resources Manager

Daniel Duval, Senior Seed Collection Officer

Belinda Elliott, Personal Assistant to Deputy Director

Jenny Guerin, Seed Research Officer

Syarifah Fadiya Hallaby, Technical Officer

Sophie Hastwell, Communications Coordinator

Manfred Jusaitis, Senior Seed Scientist

Tony Kanellos, Manager, Cultural Collections

Stephen Kingdon, Technical Officer

Adam Lanzafame, Data Base Project Officer

Lyn Mattschoss, Personal Assistant to the Deputy Director

Bruce Morphett, Technical Officer

Katrina Nitschke, Manager, Community Education and Public

Programs

Sheryn Pitman, Project Officer, Sustainable Landscapes

Kate Punshon, Manager, Business Development and Strategic

Partnerships

Nicole Reynolds, Event Programme Coordinator

Sarah Robertson, Executive Assistant to Executive Director

John Sandham, Collections Development Officer

Chris Schutz, Collections and Development Manager

Jo Staniforth, Project Officer, Community Kitchen Garden

Project

Cat Stone, Manager, Schools Education (seconded from DECS)

Thai Te, Technical Officer, Seed Collection and Curation Officer

Gary Thomas, Signage Officer

Michael Thorpe, Seed Bank Curation Officer

Patricia Tomasi, Executive Assistant to the Board of Botanic

Gardens and State Herbarium

Lorrae West, Librarian

Serena Williams, Coordinator, Community Kitchen Garden

Project

Louise Wormald, Design and Strategic Projects Manager

Mary Yeates, Design and Strategic Projects Manager

Adelaide GardensArja Ala–Saarela, Ticket OfficerPaul Arbon, Horticultural CuratorTracey Bateman, Operational Support OfficerJordan Behrndt, GardenerBevis Bonney, GardenerPeter Borgelt, GardenerGillian Bormann, Gardening ApprenticeDennis Bosworth, Asset Management Officer Neville Bottger, Ticket OfficerPeter Bowron, HandypersonEvan Brougham, Horticultural TraineeDarryl Byfield, GardenerAngus Coulls, Horticultural TraineeGraham Dunn, GardenerAndrew Hart, GardenerStephen Higgins, Senior GardenerPeter Kannemann, Assistant GardenerJune Littleford, Ticket OfficerDavid Lock, Customer Service OfficerStuart Maitland, GardenerHugh Matthews, Horticultural TraineeJudy Morton, Ticket OfficerJohn Ostbye, Horticultural SupervisorAdam Pannell, Traffic OfficerSamuel Rose, Horticultural Trainee Daryl Ruciak, Horticultural TraineeCarolyn Sawtell, Horticultural Curator Cliff Sawtell, Horticultural SupervisorKaren Smith, Horticultural CuratorNicholas Stagg, Ticket OfficerSiegfried Stoeger, Asset ManagerCheryl Thwaites, Ticket OfficerMichelle Tucker, Ticket OfficerEnzo Vidoni, Horticultural SupervisorPetrina (Jade) White, Horticultural TraineeSharon Wilcox, GardenerRoss Williams, PainterPaul Winter, Gardener

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Mount Lofty and Wittunga GardensTony Anderson, GardenerValdis Balodis, GardenerGraeme Burdett, Senior GardenerMatt Coulter, Horticultural Curator, Plant PropagatorMark Devlin, Horticultural CuratorLisa Duffy, Horticultural TraineeJohn Edgar, GardenerNicky Fidler, Horticultural CuratorScott Foubister, GardenerSimon Hales, Horticultural TraineeRobert Hatcher, Horticultural SupervisorStephen Havriluk, Senior Maintenance OfficerJohn Henson, GardenerElizabeth Knight, Horticultural CuratorCraig Lowe, Horticultural SupervisorKasandra Mayfield, Horticultural TraineeChristine Miljanovic, Horticultural Curator, Nursery CoordinatorNick Milton, Horticultural TraineeMark Oborn, Horticultural CuratorRenie Ondo, GardenerCameron Peoples, GardenerDavid Pepper, Maintenance CoordinatorDavid Rice, Maintenance OfficerCraig Sherrah, Senior GardenerGrant Walsh, GardenerPetrina (Jade) White, Horticultural TraineeChloe Williams, Horticultural Trainee

State HerbariumRobyn Barker, Census and Flora Keys CoordinatorGraham Bell, Senior Botanist Chris Brodie, Weeds BotanistSandy Carruthers, Manager, Science Resource CentrePeter Canty, State Herbarium ManagerHugh Cross, Molecular BotanistDean Cunningham, Technical OfficerGilbert Dashorst, Botanical ArtistFred Gurgel, Marine BotanistJuergen Kellerman, Senior Botanist - Flora CoordinationPeter Lang, Scientific Officer, Monitoring and Databases Martin O’Leary, Technical OfficerAndrea Ramsay, Technical OfficerCarolyn Ricci, Technical Officer (Phycology)Jean Steele–Henderson, Data Capture OfficerHelen Vonow, Collections Manager Lisa Waters, Data Capture Officer Michelle Waycott, Chief Botanist

Honorary Research AssociatesBob BaldockBill BarkerRobyn Barker (part time)Pam CatchesideBob ChinnockJohn JessopDavid SymonHellmut ToelkenBryan Womersley (deceased Jan 2011)

Honorary Affiliates John Conran, University of AdelaideMolly Whalen, Flinders University

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Appendix 7: Visitor Numbers

1. Adelaide Garden1.1 Adelaide Botanic Garden Attendance

Visi

tors

Adelaide Botanic GardenTotal Jul 2009 to matching month 1 021 031Total Jul 2010 to June 2011 1 009 029

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1.2 Adelaide Botanic Park Vehicle AccessVe

hicl

e Ac

cess

Adelaide Botanic Park Vehicle AccessTotal Jul 2009 to matching month 395 133Est. Total Jul 2010 to June 2011 395 133

Visitor counter not working due to construction work on Plane Tree Drive.Figures are estimates only, based on previous year’s figures.

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2. Hills Gardens2.1. Mount Lofty Botanic Garden Attendance

Visi

tors

Mount Lofty Botanic GardenTotal Jul 2009 to matching month 182 095Total Jul 2010 to June 2011 167 130

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2.2 Wittunga Botanic Garden Visitor NumbersVi

sito

rs

Wittunga Botanic GardenTotal Jul 200r9 to matching month 52 016Total Jul 2010 to June 2011 52 901

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Appendix 8: Friends of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide Inc.

PatronsHis Excellency Rear Admiral Kevin Scarce AC CSC RANRGovernor of South Australia and Mrs Scarce

Office Bearers

President: Mrs Helena Jenkinson Vice-President: Vacant Immediate Past President: Mrs Lesley Hawkins Treasurer: Mrs Anne Bowman Secretary: Mrs Judy Morton

Current Membership

Current Membership 900

Objective

To foster interest in the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and to raise funds which may be used for any purpose which has the approval of the Board as being of benefit to the Botanic Gardens.

2010-2011 Program

July 2010 Tour of Museum of Economic Botany Photographic competition and exhibition Gazette mail out Coffee and chat Storytelling for Littlies Botanical Art workshop—Jenny Phillips Plant sale Mt Lofty Botanic Garden

August 2010 Planet Ark Tree Day walks General meeting Coffee and chat ArtLab and lunch Plant sale Mt Lofty Botanic Garden Beanies display Photo competition and exhibition Showcase France tour Intermediate Botanical Art Class

September 2010 Newsletter mail out Lovely Lavender workshop Twilight talk Growing Group plant sale Mt Loft Botanic Garden Coffee and chat Linocut for Botanical Artists Action Plan review Storytelling for Littlies Intermediate Botanical Art Class Plant sale Mt Lofty Botanic Garden

October 2010 Plant sale Wittunga Botanic Garden Water-Wise Day Wittunga Botanic Garden

Botanical Art workshop Gourd Workshop in North Lodge Gazette mail out Storytelling for Littlies Linocut for Botanical Artists

November 2010 General meeting Dried Flower Workshop Coffee and chat Basketry workshop Friends’ stall at Herb Day Growing Group plant sale Mt Lofty Botanic Garden Storytelling for Littlies

December 2010 Newsletter mail out Christmas lunch Christmas display North Lodge

January 2011 FBGA Gazette mailout

February 2011 General meeting DVD and light lunch—Monet’s Garden Information morning tea—Become a Guide

March 2011 Friends’ stall at ABC Car Park Caper Paleo Week walks Meeting at Blackwood re Wittunga Botanic Garden Twilight talk Friends’ Garden Show stand Plant sale Mt Lofty Botanic Garden Guide training Drawing workshop—Gilbert Dashorst Australian Native Garden walk and morning tea

April 2011 Plant sale Adelaide Botanic Garden Quiz night Friends stall at Stirring the Possum Guide training Government House Open Day walks Full-day bus trip to Adelaide Hills Drawing workshop—Gilbert Dashorst Framing Your Artworks workshop Friends stand Stirling Autumn Garden Festival Easter bonnet display North Lodge Friends volunteers—Jeannie Baker exhibition

May 2011 Gardens in France tour Guide training General meeting Plant sale Mt Lofty Botanic Garden Friends stall at GAP sales

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History Week walks by guides DVD morning tea—Lost Gardens of Heligan History Week exhibition in North Lodge

June 2011 Photographic competition and exhibition in North Lodge

Garden guides participation in World Environment Day Newsletter mail out Coloured Pencil for Botanical Art workshop Storytelling for Littlies Napoleon’s Willow—Robyn Barker Friends games day—Mahjong, Canasta, Bridge, Scrabble Plant sale Mt Lofty Botanic Garden

General Meetings Speakers

August 2010 Craig Lowe—Highlights of the Hills Gardens Tony Sharley—Can the River Murray be Saved?

Nov 2010 Michael Keelan

February 2011 Len Colgan—Bromeliads John Sandham—Adelaide Botanic Gardens Bromeliads

May 2011 Steve Gatti—Water Management in Urban Adelaide Nick Milton—Plants of the Mt Lofty Botanic Gardens

Twilight Talks

September 2010 Duncan Mackenzie Gluepot Reserve

March 2011 Matt Coulter Gwen Thomas Scholarship 2010

Guest Lecturers for the Garden Guides

Jul 2010 James Smith—Sharing our Space with Wildlife

August 2010 Dr Susan Shannon—Teaching First Year Students about Natural & Urban Systems in the Botanic Gardens

September 2010 Mark Devlin—What’s been happening in Wittunga Botanic Garden over past year

October 2010 Dr Greg Baker entomologist with SARDI— Insects and Methods of Insect Control, including Plague Locusts

November 2010 Victor Gostin—Plants, Earth and Evolution

December 2010 Christmas meeting

January 2011 Bill Dowling—Plants of the Mount Lofty area

February 2011 Colin Pitman— Salisbury Wetlands

March 2011 Prof Bob Hill, University of Adelaide— How the Flora of South Australia Evolved

April 2011 Pamela Rajkowski—Afghan Cameleers in Australia

May 2011 Victor Gostin—Our Interconnected Universe and Our Relationship to Space

June 2011 Guide annual general meeting

Support provided to Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

Advertising & Distribution of Botanic Gardens of Adelaide PublicationsParking 1 608.22

World Environment Day—volunteersGwen Thomas Bursary—Horticultural Staff Award 4 000.00

Bus tours of Mt Lofty Botanic Garden 460.00

Monthly self-guided walk trails in three Gardens Adelaide Botanic Gardens Bird brochure 2 796.20

Guided walk banners at Adelaide and Mt Lofty Botanic Gardens 242.00

Guided walk Brochure 734.00

Freezer for seed collection 8 534.90

Total $17 915.32

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FBGA Sub-Committees

The Botanical Art Group conducted eight highly successful workshops (up from five the previous year). The workshops and highly renowned botanical illustrators involved were: Jenny Phillips, Botanical Art; Intermediate Art Class, Cathy Veide; Linocut for Botanical Artists, Veronica Oborn; Photography for Botanical Artists; Black & White Illustration; Drawing, Gilbert Dashorst; Framing Your Artworks; and Coloured Pencil for Botanical Art. The group has weekly art sessions in the Lecture Theatre, Goodman Building. In 2010–2011, the Beginners Art Classes were fully booked and the group also ran extension Intermediate Classes.

Craft Group members, under convenor Kym Bracco, met each month at North Lodge. Handcrafted goods were sold at plant sales and events and used in fundraising raffles.

Friends of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide Gazette, is edited by Dr Ed McAlister and is published seasonally with articles from staff and Friends. A team of volunteers organises the distribution to members, staff, the media and allied associations in South Australia, interstate and New Zealand.

The Growing Group (coordinated by Richard Rowland) continued propagating at Mount Lofty Botanic Garden with material collected from the three Gardens. A wide variety of plants were propagated with the lifting of restrictions. On the fourth Sunday of March, April, May, June, July, August, September and November plant sales of propagated plants from the three Gardens were held at Mt Lofty Botanic Garden. Plants were also provided for the Water-Wise Day at Wittunga in October, and other Friends stalls. A photographic sub-group records plants propagated by the Growing Group, with the information incorporated in the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide database for use by both the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and Growing Group volunteers. Using the Friends’ Digital Camera, plant photos were made available at the plant sales.

The Garden Guides (with Cheryl Thwaites as Guide Leader) continued daily walks in Adelaide Botanic Garden, weekly walks in spring in Wittunga Botanic Garden and weekly walks in Mt Lofty Botanic Garden. Booked walks were also conducted and minibus tours of Mt Lofty Botanic Gardens (by arrangement).

Guides have continued to research and develop the self-guided walk trails on a monthly basis in all three Botanic Gardens. Special walks were researched and designed, including a self-guided trail for the Mirror exhibition. Garden tours were conducted on Open Days at Government

House in November and April as well as special walks for occasions such as History Week, Palaeontology Week, Water-Wise Day. Plant it, Grow it, Eat it Day and the Garden of Ideas. Garden Guides also played a major role in World Environment Day and National Tree Day (see Program for more details).

The Garden Guides met on the third Wednesday of each month and any fifth Wednesdays. Six new Garden Guides were trained in 2011.

The Guides also raised money for additional signage to advertise the Adelaide Botanic Garden and Mt Lofty Botanic Garden walks. Specialised educational walks were undertaken as part of Hills and Adelaide U3A programs.

In 2010–2011, a total of 3472 visitors were taken for walks in the three Gardens, participating in a total of 522 walks. Two hundred and ten people took part in bus tours of the Mt Loft Botanic Garden. Eight walks were cancelled due to the Botanic Gardens Heat Policy.

The Friends Office and the Herbarium’s arrangement continued for the distribution of Nature Revealed, Sturt Pea

and Plants of Adelaide Plains and Hills, and Pruning for Fruit.

In the Plant Biodiversity Centre and the State Herbarium Library volunteer Friends regularly assisted staff with a diversity of tasks. These included the preparation of specimens for mounting, plant identification, checking incoming exchange or large loans, and upgrading collections. In the library, assistance included data input and sorting of miscellaneous material.

The Museum of Economic Botany was able to remain open seven days a week, with several Friends organising the roster and volunteering to be on duty. Regular meetings with member research presentations were held.

Visitor Information Centre—a number of Friends volunteered in the Schomburgk Pavilion Visitor Centre providing valuable information for visitors to the Botanic Gardens.

The Tours Group initiated many interesting activities for the Friends during the Year, including illustrated talks, walks in the Garden, local day trips and excursions. A highlight was a trip to France with Trish Byrne in May 2011.

North Lodge Sub-committee North Lodge houses the Friends’ book collection and Guides’ resource material. Story-Telling for Littlies, which started in June 2010, continued monthly. The wide range of exhibitions and workshops

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held for Friends and visitors to the Adelaide Botanic Garden included themed displays (Easter Bonnets and Winter Beanies) and workshops (photography, Mahjong, Gourds, Lavender and Pressed Flowers). The Friends aim to have North Lodge open for members and visitors everyday.

The Outreach Program consists of a small group that provides speakers to aged-care facilities, service groups and senior citizen clubs, to promote the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and the Friends, as well as providing an educational role. Talks were given to Aberfoyle and Blackwood Rotary Clubs, Walkerville Red Cross and the South Australian Herb Society.

Community Events is a group that coordinates the Friends’ attendance at garden shows. In 2010–2011 they included the Adelaide Botanic Garden Gardening Show, Royal Show, Hills Garden and Environmental Expo, the ABC Car Park Caper and Herb Day. These events promote the Gardens and Friends through photo displays, brochures and information.

Publications and Presentations Self-guiding walks pamphlets were prepared for free distribution to visitors in the three Gardens. The Guided Walks brochures were revised. Additional activities included: radio and television presentations promoting Gardens and Friends activities; the website was redesigned and continually updated with information; a colour brochure of birds found in the Adelaide Botanic Garden was republished; the gazette and newsletter were printed four times a year.

Affiliations include: Australian Guide Secretariat, Federation of Friends of Museums, Garden Clubs of Australia, Association Management—Not for Profit Sector and Association of the Friends of the Botanic Gardens of Australia. The Friends President is a full member of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation.

Acknowledgement The Friends express their thanks to the Board of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide for providing the use of North Lodge; nursery space at Mount Lofty; and an office, and lecture room facilities in the Goodman Building and Noel Lothian Hall. Without these, volunteer activities in supporting the Botanic Gardens would be considerably reduced. The commitment made by the Director and/or Head of Gardens in attending Friends committee meetings is particularly valuable. It is acknowledged that the money raised and the many volunteer hours given by the Friends of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide could not have been achieved without the generous support of the Board and Botanic Gardens’ staff.

Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium

GPO Box 1047 ADELAIDE SA 5001

Telephone: +61 8 8222 9311

Facsimile: +61 8 8222 9399