annual report 2007-1

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Stockholm Resilience CentreResearch for Governance of Social-Ecological Systems

Annual Report 2007



Stockholm Resilience Centre Annual Report 2007



Stockholm Resilience Centre Annual Report 2007

Printed by ARKET Ofcin AB, 2008

Edited by Ellika Hermansson Török,

Stockholm Resilience Centre and

Fredrik Moberg, Albaeco

Graphic design: Christine Clistock

Cover photos: C. Folke, N. Kautsky/azote.se,

R. Kautsky/azote.se, B. Christensen/azote.se

Stockholm Resilience Centre

Stockholm University

SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

Visiting address: Krätriket 2B

Phone: +46 8 674 70 70



Preace 4

Drectors´vew 5

Development o the Stockholm Reslence Centre 7

Reports rom research themes 13

A) Insight cluster themes:

1. Regime shifts, scales and sources of reorganisation in social-ecological systems 14

2. The new economics of complex social-ecological systems 15

3. Knowledge management, learning and social networks in social-ecological systems 16

4. Multilevel institutions and governance of social-ecological systems 17

B) Thematic themes:

5. Governing freshwater for food and ecosystem services 18

6. Urban social-ecological systems and globalisation 19

7. Governance and ecosystem management of coastal and marine systems 20

8. Adaptive governance of dynamic land and seascapes 21

Baltc Nest Insttute 22

Research hghlghts, core projects and collaboratons 24

Scence, practce and polcy 28

Teachng and tranng 33

Communcatons 34

Accounts n bre 36

Appendces 37

A) Publications 37

B) Partnerships 39

C) A selection of presentations 40

D) List of Staff 41

Contents



4

There was good reason to believe, when Mistrain 2006 invited Swedish universities to submitproposals to establish a long-term internationallyleading scientific centre for sustainable governanceand management of social-ecological systems,that this timely initiative would generate ripplesof interest and engagement among knowledgeinstitutions around the world.

The Stockholm Resilience Centre has alreadyproven Mistra right. The mission given to the

new Centre resonates strongly with the complexsocial and ecological challenges facing humanity,from local ecosystem degradation to globalenvironmental change. The rapid establishmentof a fully operational centre, today with 40staff members engaged in research across eightinterdisciplinary themes, is a result not only of strong leadership. It is also a response to the swellof demand for social-ecological systems researchand knowledge, translated into a willingness tocollaborate with the new Centre from Swedish andinternational research and policy organisations.

The Centre will “Advance the understandingof complex social-ecological systems, and generatenew and elaborated insights and means for thedevelopment of management and governancepractices, with the aim of securing ecosystemservices for human wellbeing and buildingresilience for long-term sustainability”.

It will achieve its mission through;

internationally recognised inter- and•

transdisciplinary research that integrates social

science, the humanities and natural sciences;fostering an international arena for science,•

practice and policy dialogues;

capacity-building by providing academic•

programmes and high quality inputs toacademic curricula and training; and

strategic communication for improved policy•

and decision support.

Today the Centre, even though still in a formative

phase, is engaged in all four of its mission areasand is working with them in an integrated

Preface

manner. It has established itself firmly in theUN follow-up of the Millennium EcosystemAssessment, and offers an exciting arenafor senior and young scientists from aroundthe world to carry out innovative inter- andtransdisciplinary research. With more than 30peer-reviewed scientific papers already publishedafter its first year of existence, the Centrepromises to become an interesting and agenda-setting knowledge hub in the field of resilience

and sustainability science.The institutional arrangement is important

to the development of the Centre. Placeddirectly under the Vice-chancellor of StockholmUniversity, the Centre provides a strong incentivefor collaborative research across faculties anddisciplines. As a joint Centre with the RoyalSwedish Academy of Sciences, and its InternationalBeijer Institute of Ecological Economics, and theStockholm Environment Institute, the StockholmResilience Centre inherently provides a very stronginstitutional capacity for science, practice and policy

research, capacity development and policy impact.The years to come will no doubt be challenging,

creative and exiting for the Stockholm ResilienceCentre!

Professor Arild Underdal Chairman of the Board



5

Evidence of the acceleration of globalenvironmental change and growing insights oncross-scale ecological interactions and reinforcingfeedbacks has only over the past five yearsplaced sustainability science and the sustainabledevelopment policy agenda on a new footing.Governance and management approaches remainembedded in the obsolete perspective that changeis incremental, generally linear, predictable andeven controllable. Future growth and human

well-being is “planned” along projections thatexclude not only nature but above all unexpectedand abrupt change, with ecological shiftsand social transformations. This approach tosocial and economic development worked ona planet with ample resilience and less humanpressures, but is no longer valid. Humanity hasentered the Anthropocene, the planetary phaseof sustainability, where the way we govern andmanage natural capital and its generation of ecosystem services, such as climate regulationand food production, affects the Earth systemas a whole. Humanity is faced with the largestchallenge ever, to redefine our relationship withthe Biosphere, and translate this into operationalgovernance and management to enable transitionsto sustainable futures.

The Stockholm Resilience Centre is at theheart of this challenge, contributing inter- andtransdisciplinary science on governance andmanagement for sustainability in times of turbulentsocial-ecological change.

The research framework is defined and guided

by three boundary conditions:Society and nature represent truly•

interdependent social-ecological systems

Social-ecological systems are complex adaptive•

systems, implying that governance has to beadaptive to unexpected change

Cross-scale interactions in time and space•

cause social-ecological feedbacks and pose newchallenges for governance and management

This framework sets a particular focus on thedynamic evolution of societies and nature and onthe ability to reorganise and develop in the face

of sudden change, i.e. on social and ecologicalresilience. A particular focus is on understandinghow to navigate tipping points and regime shifts.

International research collaboration formsan integral part of the Centre. The aim is toestablish the Centre as a scientifically attractiveand policy relevant international hub for innovativesustainability science. At the same time, we puta strong emphasis on policy dialogues, capacitydevelopment and communication. This broad

mandate – from science to change – is made possiblethrough the incredibly strong support from thethree founding institutions of the Centre. We area Centre at Stockholm University, where we havethe privilege of integrating the former Centre forTransdisciplinary Environmental Research (CTM),to host the Baltic Nest Institute and collaboratewith researchers, research groups and universitydepartments. The Beijer Institute of the RoyalSwedish Academy of Sciences provides state-of-the-art thinking on the ecology and economicsof resilience, and the Stockholm Environment

Institute (SEI) gives the Centre systems orientedpolicy research and policy bridging on broadenvironment and development issues. Togetherwe form a complementary research environment,today nothing less than the strongest concentrationof interdisciplinary scientists on environment anddevelopment issues in Sweden. Mistra has given us asimply fantastic opportunity, which we will nurturewith resolve and care.

We invite all those interested in buildingsynergies with the Stockholm Resilience Centre toknock on our door!

Johan Rockström Carl Folke

Professor Professor Executive Director Science Director

Directors’ view



7

The mission of the Stockholm Resilience Centreis to advance the understanding of complexsocial-ecological systems and to generate new andelaborated insights and means for governanceand management of ecosystem services for long-term sustainability. We fulfil our mission throughresearch, policy dialogues, capacity building andcommunication. However, how we carry out these

activities is of critical importance for the abilityto live up to our mission. Already from the start,we set out to develop a centre environment thatstimulates inter- and transdisciplinary researchin an international context. This has been donethrough several key initiatives, which will bebriefly developed in the following section.

Development of the Stockholm Resilience Centre

Placement o the Centre outsde o the aculty structure1.

Establshment o an nternatonally recognsed Centre board2.

Co-locaton o the Stockholm Reslence Centre, the Stockholm Envronment Insttute’s3.

headquarters, Albaeco, and parts o the Beier Insttute under the same roo, n oces that are

conducve and adapted or nterdscplnary collaboraton and research

Launch o a theme-based research organsaton, wth a mx o theory development and4.

problem-based thematc research areas, led by pars o theme leaders rom derent

dscplnary backgrounds

A structure that promotes the ntegraton wth acultes and research departments at5. Stockholm Unversty, through collaboratve arrangements and the ntegraton o the well-

establshed Unversty-wde Centre or Transdscplnary Envronmental research (CTM) nto the

Stockholm Reslence Centre

Establshment o collaboratve research agreements wth several key knowledge nsttutons6.

around the world

Recrutment o research sta both rom the socal and natural scences.7.

Buldng a proessonal communcaton platorm and engagement n scence to practce and8.

polcy brdgng

Incorporaton o academc educaton as a key pllar o the Stockholm Reslence Centre msson,9.

through the ntegraton o CTM wth the Centre

Buldng o an nterdscplnary creatve Centre dentty10.

Key ntatves to stmulate nter- and transdscplnary research at the Centre



8

New ofces

The Stockholm Resilience Centre wasinaugurated in May 2007, some two monthsafter having moved into the offices at Kräftriket

on the campus of Stockholm University. Thebuilding is shared with Stockholm EnvironmentInstitute and Albaeco. The Beijer Institute at theRoyal Swedish Academy of Science is within closewalking distance from the Centre, making ournew integrative environment for sustainabilityresearch and policy truly unique.

Staff development

As of the end of 2007, the Centre had a staff of 35 full-time-equivalents (FTE), or approximately

60 persons. This includes only staff funded fromthe Mistra grant (corresponding to 8 FTE), fromprogrammes and projects under the Centre (e.g.the Formas Centre of Excellence, the Baltic NestInstitute and the Centre for TransdisciplinaryEnvironmental Research, CTM), and direct inkind support from SEI and the Beijer Institute(see Annex D for the full staff list). We also haveseveral additional researchers closely associatedwith the Centre, who are involved in ouractivities but are funded by different institutions.

This includes researchers of the Beijer Instituteand SEI, researchers and PhD students from

Stockholm University Vice-Chancellor Kåre Bremer (left) with Executive Director Johan Rockström and ScienceDirector Carl Folke (right) during the centre inauguration May 29, 2007. Photo: J. Lundberg


other departments at Stockholm University, otherSwedish universities and also from internationalcollaborators. A key relationship in this regardis with the Department of Systems Ecology at

Stockholm University, particularly the NaturalResource Management Group.

The Centre is in a formative and expansive phase,where we are recruiting key competencies andbuilding an organisation with strong capabilitiesin research, capacity building, communicationsand management/administration. A keyaim is to establish a diversity of social- andnatural scientists, with a good age, gender andinternational mix. During the second half of 2007 we started the recruitment of a senior social

scientist, a central recruitment for the Centre.

Centre organisation

The Stockholm Resilience Centre is a centreat Stockholm University, strategically placeddirectly under the Vice-Chancellor, i.e. outsideof the faculty structure. This ensures a trulyinterdisciplinary endeavour for the Centre. Wethereby rely on close collaboration with facultiesand departments at the University, as academic

staff appointments, PhD positions and academiceducation cannot be run by the Centre alone.



9

The three patron organisations of the StockholmResilience Centre – Stockholm University, SEIand the Beijer Institute – have together chosenan integrated approach to the development of theCentre. The aim is to establish a joint Centre thatfunctions as an open arena between the three

core institutions, while at the same time buildinga distinct Centre identity, focus and culture.This is illustrated in Fig 1, by the mutual in-kindcontributions from the core partners, and theopen and integrated structure between them. Thismeans, for example, that apart from the majorsupport from Stockholm University (core fundingand administrative support), SEI and the BeijerInstitute are contributing core functions (supportstaff), research staff and joint projects.

During the course of 2007, CTM was integratedwith the Centre adding 12 staff (8 FTE) and 16PhD students from different faculties engagedin a CTM-led PhD forum for inter- andtransdisciplinary research (with 5-15 percenttime commitment per person). All CTM activities(research, education and communications) havecontinuously been integrated with the Centre.CTM had a board, with representatives from thefour faculties at Stockholm University (NaturalSciences, Humanities, Law and Social Sciences).The Centre has decided to maintain the functions

of this board, by establishing a council forinterdisciplinary environmental studies (Rådet

för Tvärvetenskapliga Miljöstudier, RTM),which will serve as an important platform forcross-faculty collaboration between researchersand departments at Stockholm University andthe Stockholm Resilience Centre. Former CTMchairman and Professor in History Klas Åmark,

and Professor in Environmental Law and head of CTM Jonas Ebbesson, will continue to providestrategic support to the integration of the Centrewith Stockholm University (see Annex D for thecomposition of the CTM board during 2007).The Baltic Nest Institute (BNI), a systems-oriented research programme on marineenvironments (described further in this AnnualReport), set up by the Mistra MARE programand now funded through the Swedish EPA, hasbeen placed at the Stockholm Resilience Centre.

The BNI has its own budget and is governed by aboard, that includes the Executive Director of theStockholm Resilience Centre (Annex D).The Centre has also established a closeinstitutional collaboration with Albaeco,an independent organisation focused on thecommunication of sustainability science. Albaecoforms an integral part of the communicationsteam at the Centre. Similarly, we have chosen toestablish close links between the communicationcapacities at SEI and the Beijer Institute, with theaim of developing a strong joint communications

platform between the core partners of theStockholm Resilience Centre.


Figure 1. Drawing upon synergies and complementary strengths to build a strong new Centre and an open arenafor transdisciplinary research.



10

The way we work

We have decided to develop a flat and flexibleorganisation, with a high degree of self-organisation and delegated responsibilities.The eight research themes together withthe communications team form the coreorganisational structure of the Centre. Eachtheme is an arena for inter- and transdisciplinaryresearch, open for core Centre staff, researchersat SEI, the Beijer Institute and StockholmUniversity, and other collaborating partners

in Sweden and internationally. The themes areall led by two or more researchers who havethe responsibility to lead the development of the theme research agenda, coordinate themeresearch, facilitate interactions between thememembers, keep up-to-date with current researchand oversee the core budget of the themes.

To ensure strong cross-thematic interactions(we believe that many of the most importantresearch outputs may be generated through cross-thematic learning) we have established both

organised and informal theme leader meetings,in order to advance a joint Centre-wide researchagenda and working culture. Themes are openarenas, and researchers can, over time, engage tovarying degrees in different themes. The themesare furthermore flexible structures, with a clearunderstanding from the start, that while somethemes may expand, others may evolve in newdirections or even be closed down. An internalmonitoring and evaluation system is beingdeveloped in order to internalise a continuousprocess of internal learning and adaptation.

Given the broad inter- and transdisciplinary

research agenda of the Centre, a strong emphasishas been put on organising open seminars andworkshops at the Centre as a means of sharingadvancements in different research areas. Weeklystaff meetings are organised and an intranet isunder development, as additional means of keepingstaff up-to-date with Centre developments. Severalinternational guest researchers have activelycontributed to the Centre’s core activities, andabout 30 short-term visitors from our internationalpartners have spent time at the Centre.The Centre has established a shared leadershipbetween Professor Johan Rockström (ExecutiveDirector) and Professor Carl Folke (ScienceDirector). An internal Advisory Group withsenior staff at the Centre has been establishedto help guide the Centre leadership (includingProfessors Katarina Eckerberg, Sverker Sörlin,Thomas Elmqvist, Jonas Ebbesson, AssistantDirector Christina Schaffer, Head of Finance andAdministration Kristina Hagkvist and Head of Communications Ellika Hermansson Török).

Scholars with deep experience of inter- andtransdisciplinary collaboration and from adiverse set of disciplines and research areasare represented at the Centre, includinganthropology, agronomy, development studies,ecology, ecological economics, economichistory, education, environmental and resourceeconomics, environmental history, environmentallaw, history, history of ideas, human geography,hydrology, institutional economics, naturalresource management, physical geography, physicaloceanography, political science and sociology.


Stockholm Resilience Centre is located in Kräftriket. Photo: ORASIS foto



11

Centre Governance

The Centre has an international and independentboard governing the strategic directions of the Centre, which is appointed by the Vice-Chancellor in consultation with the StockholmEnvironment Institute and the Royal SwedishAcademy of Sciences. The Centre board hadits inaugural board meeting on the 28th of May2007. We are very proud to have a high-profileboard with persons from science and policystrongly committed to the development of the

new Centre.

International Collaboration

We are in the process of developing innovativeforms of collaboration with our key internationalpartners. In addition to collaborative internationalresearch projects and programs, we have initiatedinternational joint positions and exchange of postdocs and researchers. The purpose is to create amobile research platform among internationallyleading research groups and institutes to makeprogress on the understanding of integrated social-ecological systems.

Memoranda of understanding for collaborationhave been developed and signed with theAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellencefor Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Australia;the Resilience and Adaptation Program of theUniversity of Alaska Fairbanks, USA; the NelsonInstitute for Environmental Studies, Centrefor Sustainability and the Global Environment

(SAGE) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,Wisconsin, USA; The Oxford University Centre forthe Environment, Oxford, UK; The Fenner Schoolof Environment and Society, Australian NationalUniversity, Canberra, Australia and the UNESCO,Man and the Biosphere Program, MAB. Severalothers are in progress.


Photo: B. Christensen/azote.se

Board:

Char Pro. Arld Underdal, Oslo Unversty•

Pro. Carole Crumley, Unversty o North•

Carolna

Ass Pro. Chrstoer Edlng, Stockholm•

Unversty (represents SU)

Pro. Rashd Hassan, Unversty o Pretora•

Pro. Roger Kasperson, Clark Unversty•

(represents SEI)

Le Lndors, Stockholm Unversty•

(represents SU)

Pro. Jacquelne McGlade, European•

Envronmental Agency

Pro. Elnor Ostrom, Indana Unversty•

Pro. Thomas Rosswall, ICSU (represents•

Beier/KVA)

Pro. Bran Walker, CSIRO, Reslence Allance•

Pro. Frances Westley, Unversty o •

Waterloo

Anders Wikman, European Parlament•


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/annual-report-2007-1 14/46Photo: F. Wulff

Photo: M.Ormestad/azote.se



13

At the Stockholm Resilience Centre we haveinitially organised research collaboration intoeight transdisciplinary themes framed by ourthree boundary conditions; society and naturerepresent truly interdependent systems; they arecomplex adaptive systems; with cross scale anddynamic interactions representing new challengesfor governance and management of social-

ecological systems and ecosystem services.

Four of these themes are organised underthe “Insight cluster” and advance theory andmethods, covering broad areas of research, fromregime shifts and a new welfare economics tosocial learning and multilevel governance. Theother four themes are thematic, more appliedand on the ground, covering water and food,urban dynamics, coastal and marine systemsand adaptive governance of dynamic landscapesand seascapes. A ninth theme on understanding

ecosystem dynamics for generating ecosystemservices is under development. The themes feedinto each other through an ongoing dynamicprocess of inductive-deductive science, practiceand theory with active involvement of scholarsfrom the natural and social sciences and thehumanities from within the Centre, in Swedenand internationally.

The aim of the themes is to provide flexiblecollaborative arenas for sharing different

perspectives and blending knowledgefrom different disciplines and areas in atransdisciplinary learning process with multi-directions of inquiry and diverse discoveries.The objective is not to search for consensus, butfor creative disagreement within the context of the research framework, mission and vision of the Stockholm Resilience Centre. Each themehas theme leaders that facilitate the theme, itsresearch agenda and direction, and developpractices for sharing information and keepingup to date with the research field and the

international research arena.

Reports from research themes

The themes have been quite active during thefirst less than a year of operation, with severalmeetings and theme interactions. There arethemes that have come to serve as forums for theintegration of scholars new to social-ecologicalsystems analyses, providing an entrance into theCentre’s activities. Tight collaborations have alsodeveloped between scientists across themes with

joint transdisciplinary projects and applications,multi-authored research papers and anthologiesare in progress. Centre leadership, the advisorygroup and theme leaders have had, and willcontinue to have, strategic meetings to identifyemerging insights and develop cross-themesyntheses. Successful themes may expand andgenerate new themes, and less creative themesmay be dissolved. The future will tell.

Figure 2. The eight research themes are dividedinto four themes under the “Insight cluster”(1-4), which advances theory and methods,and four themes that are “Thematic” (5-8) andmore applied, with ample interactions across all

themes.

1

2

3

4

5 6 7 8



Reports from research themes A. Insight Cluster Themes

14

1. Regme shts, scales andsources o reorgansaton nsocal-ecologcal systems

The “Regime shifts” group explores from a broadrange of disciplinary perspectives how changeoccurs in systems on different scales and how thesesystems reorganise after crises or perturbations.This is a topic that brings work in many resiliencefields together. It is almost by necessity quitetheoretical, and certainly at the cutting edge of

current discussions. Our work draws on earlierattempts to write “social ecological histories” indifferent disciplinary frameworks (anthropology,archaeology, environmental history, humanecology and others).

We also address time scales and singularities. Inparticular we wish to take these issues – typicallyaddressed within longer time scales of millenniaor ancient civilisations – to the social ecologiesof modernity and globalisation. We draw onongoing empirical work among several groups

and individuals within the Stockholm ResilienceCentre and its affiliated partners, for examplethe Resilience Alliance. The group involvesresearchers ranging from the ecological sciencesto various strands of history and the socialsciences including economics. Work goes onamong smaller research groups and in individualprojects. The group as a whole is engaged inwork towards a collection of synthesis articles onRegime Shifts and Creative Reorganisations –Social Ecological Histories (working title).

The possibility of hosting the secretariat of IHOPE, “Integrated History and future Of

People on Earth” has been explored during the

year. IHOPE was initiated by the global changeresearch community (IGBP, IHDP) and is nowspreading among historians, anthropologists andarchaeologists. Understanding the reasons for theemergence, sustainability, decline, or collapse of human societies is a key prerequisite for creatinga sustainable and desirable future.

A further purpose of the theme is to advance newcross-breeding ideas on resilience and social-ecological systems in order to contribute to thelong-term vitality of the Stockholm ResilienceCentre’s research program at large. This willalso be a way of harvesting the fruits of manyyears of investment in many, hitherto diverse,research groups. The theoretical work is also away to build links between different disciplinesand research traditions within the StockholmResilience Centre and identify common groundon which to focus in future cooperative work.In particular, this ambition is pertinent to thedeeper integration of social and natural sciencesat the Centre, which has been termed “Big

Interdisciplinary”. A more far reaching ambitionis to conceptualise new ways of understandingchange in social systems and the implications forthe interplay with ecological systems.

Theme leaders:Sverker Sörlin and Carl Folke

Photo: J. Lundberg




15

2. The new economcs o complex socal-ecologcalsystems

Conventional models, based on dynamicsapproximated by linear models, are of limiteduse for the purpose of navigating society towardssustainability. This theme addresses economicissues from a complex systems perspective andis rooted in and orchestrated by researchers andnetworks of the Beijer Institute of EcologicalEconomics.

Most economics research on natural resourcesand the environment have been based onlinearity (or rather convexity), which excludesthe existence of critical transitions and regimeshifts. Very little has been done to incorporateecosystem services and resilience in general inthe analysis or spatial aspects of resource andecosystem dynamics. Current macroeconomicindicators, such as GNP or NNP or HDI (HumanDevelopment Index) are not set up for monitoringthe sustainability of an economy. The existence

of positive feedback leading to non-convexdynamics and regime shifts makes it a challengeto use standard economic instruments in anefficient way. New understanding and tools areneeded.

The theme organised an international workshopin September on ‘Accounting for ecosystemservices’; has participated in European policymeetings on national accounting systemsbeyond GDP; and hopes to, as a continuation

of this work, start collaboration with StanfordUniversity on the Natural Capital project. The

theme has been engaged with Baltic Nest in thedevelopment of a project on a Stern-like reportfor the Baltic Sea region; involved in a jointworkshop with the ARC Coral Reef Centre of Excellence, Australia, on ‘Understanding socialand economic benefits in coral reef systems:multiple actors, scales and inter-dependencies’;given lectures at e.g. Harvard/MIT, anddeveloped a PhD course that will take place inspring 2008 at Stockholm University.

Theme leaders: Aart de Zeeuw and Karl Göran Mäler

The economcs o complex•

ecologcal systems and ther

management ncludng

nvestgatons nto cooperatve

behavour

Incorporaton o spatal•

aspects n economc models or

understandng socal-ecologcalsystem dynamcs

Natonal accountng and valuaton•

o ecosystem servce

Economc polcy ssues or global•

problems and challenges

Photo: J. Lokrantz/azote.se

Research o the themeconcentrates on:




16

3. Knowledge management,learnng and socal networks nsocal-ecologcal systems

Successful management of complex social-ecological systems requires adaptive approachesand a system of continuous learning for buildingknowledge and effective management practicesto interpret and respond to ecological feedbacks.The generation of knowledge on such complexsystems is an ongoing process which typicallytakes years to accumulate. Learning is essential

for individuals, communities, other stakeholdersand agencies to develop their ability to dealeffectively with new situations and to preparefor change and surprise. In addition, thecumulative knowledge should be embedded in themanagement process.

This theme addresses the issues of informationsharing, knowledge generation, participation,learning, organisation, leadership, agency, (co-)management of common pool resources, socialnetworks and social simulation, in order to

explore how these social processes promote orconstrain management of ecosystem services.

During 2007 the theme co-organised a courseon using computer modelling as a means tofacilitate stakeholder dialogue together with DrMichel Etienne from the Agri-Food Researchand Development Initiative in Avignon, France.Furthermore, the theme participated in theongoing process of developing the Man &Biosphere research initiative with the aim of

promoting a dynamic learning community of Man & Biosphere researchers and practitioners.

During her stay in May-June 2007, Prof. Frances

Westley held a workshop on leadership andqualitative research methods.

In October 2007 a change of theme leadershiptook place and a new round of recruitment of theme members was initiated. Several of thenew recruits are affiliated with the StockholmEnvironment Institute in addition to staff fromthe Stockholm Resilience Centre, the BeijerInstitute, and Stockholm University departments.

Prioritised activities during the first half of 2008will be the reconciliation of the enlarged theme.Further, the development of the research agendaand research network will continue, as will thedevelopment of the theme work processes andmember collaborations.

Theme leaders:Örjan Bodin and Åsa Swartling (from October 2007).Cecilia Lundholm (Jan – Oct). From 1 October 2007 on a fellowship in England.

Photo: N. Kautsky/azote.se




17

Photo: Å. Gallegos Torell/azote.se

4. Multlevel nsttutons andgovernance o socal-ecologcalsystems

Research within the theme focuses on governanceof social-ecological systems, with a specialemphasis on issues of institutional design,environmental policy, and crisis management. Inparticular, we study how societal actors succeedor fail to create institutions and governancesystems that affect and are affected by ecologicalsystems. Despite the vast challenges posed by

global environmental change, social sciencehas been slow in taking on the scientific andgovernance challenges posed by interconnectedsocial-ecological systems and non-lineardynamics in complex systems.

Our ambition is to create a group that notonly advances a world-leading research agendafocusing on governance of dynamic social-ecological systems and global environmentalchange, but also to create a group devoted tocontributing to the Centre’s transdisciplinary

research environment. In order to reach thesegoals, activities during 2007 have to a largeextent been directed at team-building withinthe theme itself, and at establishing contactswith potential research partners. The themeis at present in the process of establishingpartnerships with for instance CRISMART(Swedish National Defence College) and theCenter for Environmental Strategic Research atKTH (Sweden), and key individual researchersaround the world, for example at FOI (Sweden),

STEPS (UK), Öko-Institut (Germany) and SEI-Oxford. Some of the highlights of 2007 include a

total of five scientific articles published by thememembers and an additional six manuscriptssubmitted or under preparation. Theme membershave also been involved in a number of policyoutreach activities, for example through theleading daily papers Dagens Nyheter and SvenskaDagbladet, as well as through channels such as

the Swedish Environmental Advisory Council,Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI),Tällberg Foundation, the Commission on ClimateChange and Development, and the SwedishGovernment Inquiry on climate change andvulnerability. During the fall of 2007 we werealso responsible for a highly successful graduatestudent workshop entitled “Complexity and theSocial Sciences”.

Theme leaders:

Andreas Duit, Victor Galazand Katarina Eckerberg

Prorty research questons

Can complexty be governed, and so, how?1.

How may reslent governance systems be2.

desgned and mantaned? What actors

create “success”?

How do we develop new modes o 3.

governance wth mproved ablty to govern

complex socal-ecologcal systems?

What knd o new tools and methods4.

are needed or the study o socal and

poltcal complexty n natural resourcemanagement?



Reports from research themes B. Thematic Themes

18

5. Governng reshwater or oodand ecosystem servces

How to deal with increasing water-induced trade-offs between food production and other ecosystemservices in complex agricultural landscapes isan enormous challenge for society. Agricultureenables food security and is a major driver behindeconomic growth. However, it currently coversaround 40 percent of all terrestrial land and itsimpact on water resources and hydrology hasmajor consequences on a global scale. Agriculturecurrently consumes 70 percent of all blue waterwithdrawn from rivers and aquifers. It alters thegreen water flows to the atmosphere, and impactswater quality through alterations of nitrogen andphosphorous cycles. During the first year we haveinitiated research in four main directions:

1. Water for resilience in semi-arid sub-Saharan

Africa: Tropical savannah regions in sub-SaharanAfrica are challenging in terms of resiliencebuilding. Water availability is often scarce and

highly variable; crop yields are often low and cropfailures due to droughts are common; and thereare high levels of malnutrition and poverty. Theresearch focuses on understanding the potentialrole of investments in small-scale water systeminnovations in rain-fed agriculture to buildresilience in smallholder societies. During 2007 wehave published an analysis of the water dimensionsof meeting the Millennium Development Goalsin these regions as well as continued work in ourcase-study areas in Tanzania and South Africa.

2. Bundles of ecosystem services in agriculturallandscapes: We are developing conceptual

frameworks for improving analysis of howmultiple ecosystem services, including waterprovisioning and food production, interact inorder to generate synergies and produce trade-offs.

3. Global green water assessment: Since mostfreshwater assessments so far have focused onblue water resources, we are developing a newglobal green water assessment to investigatehow a green water perspective changes theanalysis of water scarcity and availabilityglobally. Several Centre researchers served as

lead authors on the Comprehensive Assessmentof Water in Agriculture. We are also developinga collaborative project together with some of theworld’s leading hydrological modellers to addressthese issues, and will host an internationalworkshop in early 2008.

4. Tipping points in the biosphere: water,

agriculture and resilience: We analyse howagriculture, through its effects on hydrology,affects the risk of ‘ tipping points’ or regimeshifts in ecosystems. During 2007 a review of

these types of regime shifts has been acceptedfor publication. We co-organised a symposiumat the Ecological Society of America’s annualconference on this important issue.

Theme leaders: Line Gordon and Johan Rockström

Bildbyte till: Jakobs hinkar

Photo: J. Lundberg




19

6. Urban socal-ecologcalsystems and globalsaton

The global and multidimensional process of urbanisation has major impacts on the generationand provisioning of ecosystem services which arefundamental for human well-being and for thesocial-ecological capacity to buffer and deal withchange. The research activities of the urban themefocus on increasing our understanding of urbanecosystem services and how governance systemsand urban designs can be developed to strengthen

the provisioning of these services.

Research and ramework

The research consists of several lines of inquirythat are envisioned to cross-fertilise each other.One line merges insights generated on common-pool resource management systems, social-ecological adaptations for resilience building,and governance and management of urbanecosystem services. The framework builds onthe Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and

particularly on experiences from the StockholmMA sub-global assessment (SUA) as well asurban resilience research developed within theResilience Alliance. The notion of ecosystemservices is particularly promising for deepeningour understanding of cities as integrated social-ecological systems. This research will strengthenthe MA initiatives as well as contribute toa deeper understanding of ‘hotspots’ and‘coldspots’ in the provisioning of ecosystemservices in urban landscapes and provide aframework for the adaptive testing of designs and

governance structures for restoration of services.

The theoretical framework will be tested within alarger international collaborative network, involvingsite-based urban research groups in Bangalore,Cape Town, Canberra, Helsinki, Istanbul, NewDelhi, New Orleans, New York City, Phoenix andStockholm.

Scence-Polcy nterace

To initiate a dialogue between researchers, policymakers and civil society, the urban research themehas organised events at the World Congress onBiosphere Reserves in February 2008, and will

carry out activities at both the Resilience 2008Conference in Stockholm in April 2008, and atthe 9th meeting of the Parties to the Conventionon Biological Diversity in Bonn in May 2008.Investigations into the relevance of theUNESCO Man and the Biosphere concept inseveral urban areas have revealed that UrbanBiospheres could provide alternative modes of public space to invest in a dynamic relationshipbetween people, their natural environment and thevarious forms of governance of urban landscapes.Based on the accumulated experience and

knowledge in the network, links are now formedwith UNESCO and the IUCN WCPA task force onurban biodiversity.

Theme leaders: Johan Colding and Thomas Elmqvist

Photo: J. Lundberg




20

7. Governance and ecosystemmanagement o coastal andmarne systems

The overall goal of coastal and marine ecosystemmanagement is to secure the ability of theoceans to provide ecosystem services for societaldevelopment. While there have been some localsuccesses, current management of marine social-ecological systems has largely failed to achievethis goal at regional and global scales.

Marine environments worldwide are in seriousdecline primarily due to over-harvesting,pollution, disease and climate change. In manylocations around the world, human inducedstress to marine ecosystems has exceeded theirregenerative capacity, causing dramatic shifts inspecies composition and ecosystem states thatresult in severe economic and social costs.

Anticipating and preventing unwanted regimeshifts will require improved understanding of thecomplex dynamics and processes that support or

undermine resilience and of the socio-economicdrivers and governance systems that shape theuse of living marine resources and services. Thus,responding to the global marine crisis requires newapproaches that focus on supporting and sustainingsocial-ecological resilience. Such approachescontest current management and metrics and stressthe significance of multilevel adaptive governancesystems for marine and aquaculture management.Such governance systems need features that candeal with cross-scale socio-economic drivers of

globalisation to avoid vulnerability to coastal andmarine social-ecological systems.

A number of collaborative projects are indevelopment with researchers around the world(e.g. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, CSIRO, Resilience Alliance MarineGroup, West Indian Ocean Marine Association(WIOMSA), Tyndall Centre, Chiang MaiUniversity, the Sustainable Mekong ResearchNetwork (Sumernet)).

The theme will have a session at the Resilience2008 Conference focusing on resilience in thecontext of environmental changes and risks incoastal social-ecological systems and producea joint synthesis paper on critical insights andknowledge gaps for sustaining coastal & marineecosystem resilience.

Theme leaders: Henrik Österblom, Max Troell and Frank

Thomalla

Reorgansaton ater extreme events•

Applcaton o reslence n coastal & marne•

areas

Costs o phase shts or human welare•

Globalsaton and uture seaood producton•

Restorng key tropcal coastal and marne•

habtats – a global revew

Sustanable management o the Baltc Sea -•

usng the unque ecosystem model NEST

Ecologcal and socal reslence n coastal•

fshng communtes and mplcatons or

sustanable fsheres resource management


Prorty areas or uture research




21

8. Adaptve governance o dynamc land- and seascapes

The overall aim of the theme is to examinedynamic governance of complex social-ecologicalsystems. The purpose is to better understandthe emergence of new forms of governance andmanagement of such systems and the socialfeatures and strategies that make transitionsto ecosystem management possible, includingthe significance of building understanding of ecosystem dynamics into governance systems.

The theme is unique in that it aims to link strandsof ecosystem management, adaptive managementand multi-level governance. The theme focuseson transdisciplinary, empirical case studieson both the local and global levels and theinteractions between them, while also focusingon developing theories on governance that reflecttransformations of the 21st Century.

The theme’s strategic approach includesnetworking and collaboration with a range of international and national organisations and

institutions such as University of Manitobaand University of Waterloo Canada, OxfordUniversity, Arizona State University, Universityof Alaska Fairbanks and James Cook UniversityAustralia, to name a few.

Some of the highlights of 2007 includethe establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Stockholm ResilienceCentre and UNESCO. This achievement hasprovided interesting and exiting collaborative

linkages between the adaptive governance theme,the Centre and the UNESCO Man and Biosphere

Program, as well as the start of research andlong-term collaboration across sites in Sweden,Canada, France, India and South Africa on thebarriers and bridges of adaptive governance.Other highlights include the publication of various papers and book chapters on adaptivegovernance, with examples from some of themost important and threatened ecosystems, suchas the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, Amazoniain Brazil and the dry forests of Madagascar.Emerging insights of how these systems arebeing governed, in response to the climate crisis,

gives hope to the possibility that institutions arelearning how to incorporate that new experienceinto action.

A number of interesting meetings withinternational research programmes are leading tonew exiting collaborations. One such example isthe synergies with the work of the InternationalHuman Dimensions Programme and theEarth Systems Governance Programme. Otherimportant emerging network collaborationsare with the Tyndall Centre; in particular the

Adaptive Governance theme is collaboratingclosely on aspects of adaptive governance anddevelopment in natural resource dependentcommunities. Work on transitions in social-ecological systems is developing with Öko-Institut in Berlin and the STEPS Centre andUniversity of Sussex.

Theme leaders: Per Olsson and Emily Boyd




22

Baltic Nest Institute

Baltc Nest Insttute

The Baltic Nest Institute forms an integralpart of the Stockholm Resilience Centre andmainly performs research linked to the themeof Governance and ecosystem management of coastal and marine systems. Specifical ly, BalticNest Institute hosts and develops the Nestdecision support system, which was createdduring the Mistra funded MARE program(Marine Research on Eutrophication).

The decision support system is developed togive advice on the management of the BalticSea, related to eutrophication and fishing.The Nest system is a unique ecosystem modeldescribing the dynamics of nutrient flow fromland to sea, the internal dynamic of thesenutrients in the Baltic as well as the effects onthe ecosystem. Nest can be used to performscenarios on future developments (e.g. changesin agricultural practices or fishery management)and, more importantly, to link actions on landto effects in the sea. The decision supportsystem was successfully used to identify needednutrient reductions in order to reach politicallyagreed goals in the Baltic Sea area. Therecommendations by the Baltic Nest Instituteformed a substantial part of the Baltic Sea ActionPlan, agreed on by al l the states bordering theBaltic, on November 15, 2007. Nest is thus notonly a research institution but also a tool toprovide science-based advice to policy makers,contributing to the formulation of policies for

sustainable use of the Baltic Sea.

During 2007, the Baltic Nest Institute hasrecruited additional scientists to further developthe decision support system, for example bydeveloping components looking at the effectsof climate change on eutrophication and thefood web, as well as developing an ecosystemmodel focusing on the effects of fishing on otherecosystem components. A Danish branch of Baltic Nest was also established in 2007 at Århus

University in order to foster international co-operation and increase the capacity to providetimely advice to relevant policy processes.

Contacts: Fredrik Wulff and Henrik Österblom

Photo: F.Wulff



24

Research highlights, core projects and

1. Agricultural expansion and intensification substantiallyalters freshwater flows and dynamics, which may causecatastrophic ecosystem shifts.

2. Global food demand over the coming 50 years will generatemajor water induced trade-offs between agriculture and otherecosystem services, which will require a new green-blue water

paradigm to build social-ecological resilience and enable humanwellbeing.

3. New economic measures for human wellbeing thatcapture changes in ecosystem services and resilience providea comprehensive assessment of wealth with more accurateestimates of economic progress.

4. Stable or increased forests cover in Madagascar are foundin areas with the highest human population density and welldeveloped market access, while the highest loss of forest coveroccurs in areas with low population density and lack of secureproperty rights.

5. Informal institutions, like taboo systems with strong socialnorms and social capital, is central in sustaining keystoneendemic species and associated ecosystem services in dry-forest landscapes.

Research highlights

During the year the Stockholm Resilience Centre has been engaged in many international projectand research collaborations, through the emerging activities of the themes and other efforts.

More than 30 articles have been published in scientific journals and books, 7 books are inprogress and a number of popular and outreach articles have been produced, and there areseveral articles in press (see appendix A). Among the highlights of the Stockholm ResilienceCentre’s research findings we can report on the following.



25

6. Strong social capital among fishermen in an African coastalarea is insufficient to prevent overexploitation of fish stocks;appropriate leadership is needed as well.

7. Blueprint policies seldom work because interactionsof social-ecological systems vary across space, time, and

organisational units with past couplings having legacy effectson present conditions and future possibilities.

8. Social-ecological inventories complement ecologicalinventories and help reduce social tension by identifying andengaging people with ecosystem knowledge and practicefundamental in ecosystem management and associatedgovernance systems.

9. A flexible governance regime and skilful navigationgenerated a social tipping point and transition of governanceof the Great Barrier Reef seascape towards ecosystem-basedmanagement.

10. Governance theory is challenged to address the steeringcapacity of governance at all political levels subject to non-linear dynamics, threshold effects, cascades and limitedpredictability.

The findings 1 to 10 above each refer to a specific scientific article indicated in the publicationlist with the same number (see Appendix B).

In addition, there are book contracts with Cambridge University Press, Columbia UniversityPress, Palgrave MacMillan, Springer Verlag and Taylor & Francis Group. During the yearpapers have been published or accepted for publication in e.g. Science, PLoS One, PNAS,Ambio, Ecology Letters, Environmental Conservation, Global Environmental Change,Ecology and Society, Phil. Trans.

collaborations



26

Research highlights, core projects and collaborations

Centre o Excellence

A central project is Resilience and Sustainability:Integrated Research on Social-EcologicalSystems, a five year Swedish Centre-of-Excellence project provided by FORMAS – theSwedish Research Council for the Environment,Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning.This grant, of which three years remain, hasbeen instrumental in the start-up phase of theResilience Centre and the focus of the researchserves as a core for the Centre’s research agenda.Like the Centre, the project is a joint effort

between the Beijer Institute, StockholmUniversity and SEI with a strong focus oncomplex systems, regime shifts and resilience. Weargue that because of positive feedbacks causingnon-linear dynamics and regime shifts in social-ecological systems a resilience approach will berequired for guiding management and policytowards sustainability.

Reslence Allance

One of the most central partners is the Resilience

Alliance (RA), an international network of leading research organisations that collaborate toexplore the dynamics of social-ecological systems(www.resalliance.org). The RA and the focus onsocial-ecological systems emerged out of researchprogrammes at the Beijer Institute in the 1990sand during its first year the Centre has received acentral role in the Resilience Alliance (RA). TheBoard of Members of the Alliance have elected anew Executive Committee that will be chaired bythe Centre’s Science Director and two out of threeExecutive Deputy Directors of the RA are Centreresearchers. The new Resilience Alliance Young

Scholars (RAYS) group is also coordinated by the

Stockholm Resilience Centre.

Centre o Excellence:Research agenda

What are basc processes and•

sources o reslence n socal-

ecologcal systems and eatures

behnd loss o reslence and how do

they nteract across temporal and

spatal scales?

How can governance systems be•

shaped and stmulated to emerge

across spatal and temporal scales

n order to cope wth uncertanty,

surprse and vulnerablty n socal-

ecologcal systems? What are the

lessons rom past experence and

hstory?

To what extent s there a need•

to revse current approaches to

economc polcy, ndcators o

wealth, and governance n the lght

o complex systems and cross-

scale nteractons? In partcular, s

t possble to assess the value o

reslence so as to nclude t n an

accountng ramework?




27

Research highlights, core projects and collaborations

Reslence 2008 – Reslence, Adaptaton and

Transormaton n Turbulent Tmes

The first international science and policyconference on resilience will take place onStockholm University campus and the RoyalSwedish Academy of Sciences April 14-17,2008. It brings together scientists from all overthe world working with the complex dynamicsof interconnected social-ecological systems topresent and discuss with policy makers fromgovernment, business and other actors the currentunderstanding of resilience, adaptability and

pathways of transformation in such systems. Newways of interacting, including a collaborativeeffort between resilience science and art are partof the conference. The Centre has been stronglyengaged in the planning of this major event,which is a joint conference of the ResilienceAlliance, International Council of Science (ICSU),the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and theRoyal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts.

Other selected research collaboratons

The Centre has been involved in manyinternational workshops and meetings during2007, including the first workshop of the newPara Limes Institute, the Netherlands; a resilienceand adaptation workshop at Tyndall Centrefor Climate Change Research; a resilience anddevelopment workshop at the Oxford UniversityCentre for the Environment; the IHDP EarthSystem Governance meeting, Amsterdam; theassessment and development of the Earth SystemScience Program (ESSP); a Symposium at the

annual meeting of the Ecological Society of

America; a Session with IHDP at the Stockholm

Water Week; the inauguration and science boardof SARAS (the South American Institute forResilience and Sustainability Studies), Uruguay;host for the bioSUSTAINABILITY InternationalProject Office of DIVERSITAS; etc.

Several memoranda of understanding with keyinternational collaborators have been signed(see page 11).

Researchers from the Centre have been visitingscientists or done post docs at the Centre forInstitutional Diversity and School of HumanEvolution and Social Change, Arizona StateUniversity; Australian Research Council Centreof Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville;McGill University, Montreal; the Fenner Schoolof Environment and Society, Australian NationalUniversity, Canberra; University of Cape Town; etc.

Expect the Unexpected! Collage: C. Clifstock Photo: New York/C. Clifstock, Lemur/J. Lundberg



28

The Stockholm Resilience Centre has alreadyduring our first year of existence engaged activelyin science to policy bridging. The reason isnot only to take responsibility for the impactof science on policy development and decisionmaking, but also as a strategic way of interactingwith practice and policy as part of the researchprocess, as well as for receiving feedback onresearch priorities for the Centre already at an

early stage of its evolution.

In addition, the Centre is actively engaged inscience-practice-policy processes in local andregional social-ecological systems throughactivities of the research themes.Our resilience and sustainability researchagenda is inspired by the achievements of theUN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA).

The Mistra call for proposals to establish anew Centre on “sustainable governance andmanagement of linked ecological and socialsystems” actually took its starting point in theMA and in finding ways to secure ecosystemservices for human wellbeing. The MAframework fits nicely with our research agendaon social-ecological systems, and the follow-up of the MA is a top priority process in our science topolicy bridging.

The Follow-up o the UN Mllennum•

Ecosystem Assessment

Collaboraton wth the Tällberg•

Foundaton and the scence to polcy

dalogues at the Tällberg ora

Follow-up o the UN MllennumEcosystem Assessment

The Centre initiated a process during the secondhalf of 2007 to host an MA follow-up meetingin Stockholm, with the purpose of advancingthe formulation of a follow-up strategy for theMA. Based on consultations with several MAstakeholders, among them UNEP (hosting thefollow-up work), UNDP, WRI, Sida and SwedBio,a meeting was organised, hosted by Sida andUNEP, in Stockholm in October 2007. Thismeeting gathered the key stakeholders of the MA,and developed a framework for the continuedMA follow-up work, focusing on: (1) developingfurther the knowledge base; (2) taking knowledgeto action (implications of the MA to governanceand management); (3) sub-global assessments andperiodic global assessments (the question of a2nd MA and whether an intergovernmental panelshould be considered); and (4) capacity building

and outreach.

The Stockholm Resilience Centre has beenproposed as the lead organisation on academiccapacity building, and a partner in advancingthe knowledge base and sub-global assessments(essentially new research). The Centre is alsoproposed to have a person on the executivecommittee of the follow-up work. Togetherwith UNEP and SwedBio, a special side-eventwas organised for the UNEP Governing Councilmeeting in Monaco 19-22 February 2008 (the

10th Special Session of the UNEP GoverningCouncil/Global Ministerial EnvironmentForum). This side-event, with representationfrom the Swedish Minister for the Environment,and Ministers from developing and developedcountries, was organised as a launch event of theMA follow-up strategy.

Takng a broader approach to globalsustanablty

The Swedish, European and global environmental

agenda has over the past two years increasingly

Science, practice and policy

Top prorty ntatves n scenceto polcy brdgng:



29

focused on the climate change agenda. While this

is incredibly positive, there is a risk that otherecosystem-related issues are being neglected. Evenmore important, the risk of focusing strongly onmechanisms for mitigation of greenhouse gases(which have dominated the agenda) is that theinterdependencies between human wellbeing,ecosystem services and climate change, bothin terms of mitigation (the climate regulationfunction provided by ecosystems) and adaptation(the ecological resilience provided by ecosystemsto buffer climate shocks) are forgotten in policyand governance. Consequently, the StockholmResilience Centre has been active during the year

to convey the links to policy makers between

climate change and ecosystem management.Furthermore, this has been done in a broadersocial-ecological systems perspective, byconnecting the two with human wellbeing, inparticular the urgent need to address ecosystemresilience and climate change in the context of poverty alleviation. This has been tied to thethree UN processes (depicted in Figure 3) thatneed to develop a coherent joint approach tosocial-ecological resilience and development, butwhich until today have made little progress inaddressing interdependencies (climate-poverty,poverty-ecosystems, ecosystems-climate).

Fgure 3. Three closely nterdependent UN polcy processes wth lmted nterrelatons: the UN Framework

Conventon on Clmate Change, the UN Mllennum Development process (wth the Mllennum Development Goals)

and the UN Mllennum Ecosystem Assessment (whch also ncludes the Conventon on Bodversty, the FrenchIMoSEB ntatve on Bodversty, and the Potsdam Intatve on the Economcs o bodversty/Ecosystem servces)

Photo: R. Kautsky/azote.se



30


Tällberg Consensus

The Tällberg Forum has established itself, after30 years of work to take a holistic approach onthe relationship between Man and Nature, as aninternationally recognised arena for knowledgebridging and dialogue between science, politicalleaders, the private sector and civil society. TheCentre has established a close collaborationwith the Tällberg Foundation on a projectnamed the “Tällberg Consensus” that has thepurpose of carrying out a knowledge-drivendialogue process, in search of a consensus, on the

governance and management implications of therapidly emerging evidence of the unprecedentedmagnitude of environmental challenges facinghumanity. Together with SEI, the StockholmResilience Centre will coordinate severalsub-projects, advancing and synthesising ourunderstanding of resilience, transformations, andtipping points, and also co-host science-policymeetings at the Tällberg Forum.

The Internatonal Commsson on ClmateChange and Development

The Swedish government, lead by GunillaCarlsson, Minister for Development Cooperation,has established an international commission onclimate change and development, with a focuson adaptation to climate change in developingcountries. The Secretariat of the commission hasbeen located at SEI, i.e., in the same offices asthe Stockholm Resilience Centre. The CarlssonCommission will include a focus on the role of ecosystems and ecosystem services for adaptationand mitigation of climate change. The Resilience

Centre was invited to prepare a Policy brief on

the role of ecosystem management for adaptation

and mitigation of climate change, which waspresented at the first meeting of the Commission.

Valuaton o Ecosystem Servces

The European Environment Agency (EEA) hastaken the initiative to carry out a Europeanassessment of the economic value of ecosystemservices. The Resilience Centre together with theBeijer Institute has attended preparatory expertmeetings, and the aim is to contribute scientificexpertise into this process.

Commsson on Sustanable Development

The Swedish Prime Minister, Fredrik Reinfeldt,has established a Commission for SustainableDevelopment, with the aim of supportingSwedish policy on sustainability issues, withan initial focus on climate change. We havehad several interactions with the secretariat of the Commission, which has requested from theResilience Centre a policy synthesis on the role of resilience and ecosystem services for sustainabledevelopment, to be produced during 2008.

Swedsh Government Inqury on ClmateChange and Vulnerablty (Klmat- ochsårbarhetsutrednngen).

As part of the Swedish government inquiryon vulnerability and adaptation requirementsin Sweden to climate change, the StockholmResilience Centre led the writing of a report onthe health effects of climate change, and prepareda report on the role of resilience for adaptationto climate change. Moreover, researchers at

the Centre have during the year served on the

Photo: A. Löf



31


Swedish government’s Scientific Council onClimate Issues.

Scence-practce-polcy processes n local andregonal socal-ecologcal systems

Through our network of partners and activities of several of the themes we are involved in bridgingthe science-policy interface all the way down tothe local level by interacting and engaging withstakeholders for practice and policy. During theyear the Centre has been involved in developingthe science-practice-policy interface withinthe Man and Biosphere-programme (MAB),particularly in Sweden (Kristianstads Vattenrikeand other emerging MAB sites), South Africa(Cape Winelands BR), India (through ourpartner ATREE), Canada (McGill University

and University of Waterloo) and in collaborationwith MAB-coordinators and scientists in France.Such collaborations have also taken place in thecontext of the governance of the Great BarrierReef, Australia, coastal areas in East Africa andSouth East Asia, the dry forest of Madagascar,and been initiated for collaborative learning andmanagement in Swedish lake fisheries. Centrescientists and local farmers have collaboratedon rain-fed agriculture in Africa, including fieldschools, social learning processes with policybriefs from those experiences produced and

spread internationally. As part of the Urbantheme, established science policy dialogueshave intensified during 2007 in cities like NewOrleans, Phoenix, Cape Town and Canberra,with a special focus on developing the conceptof Urban Biospheres as a tool for addressingecosystem services.

Further nteractons wth the Prvate Sector,Agences, Poltcal processes and cvl socety

The Resilience Centre has during the course of its

first year had several dialogues and interactionswith government agencies (e.g. Sida, SwedishEnvironmental Protection Agency and the SwedishEmergency Management Agency) and ministries(e.g. half-day dialogue with the Minister for theEnvironment Andreas Carlgren on ecosystemservices and the follow-up of the MillenniumEcosystem Assessment; presentation to theEnvironmental and Agricultural Committee of the Swedish Parliament, and to the GlobalisationCouncil of the Swedish Government) and therehave been presentations in Swedish Parliament.Furthermore, in Sweden, the Centre gave a

keynote address at the Charity Ratings conference2007, which gathered several key Civil Societyorganisations in Sweden, and prepared andpresented a report on Agriculture, Water andEcosystems for the Swedish Water House.

On the international stage, the Centre hosteda side-event at UNESCO, launching aninstitutional agreement of collaboration betweenthe Centre and UNESCO. The Centre also gavea presentation on aquaculture at FAO, andpanel input on climate change and sustainabilityat the COP13 Bali meeting. The Centre waspresented to the 15th session of the Commissionof Sustainable Development at the UN in NewYork and represented at the G8-UNESCO WorldForum on ‘Education, Research and Innovation:

New Partnership for Sustainable Development’ inTrieste, Italy.

Apart from the close interaction with the TällbergFoundation, which includes dialogues with theprivate sector, the Centre has collaborated withthe World Resources Institute and Albaeco onthe semination of a corporate Ecosystem ServicesReview (ESR) and has contributed significantinputs to the strategic sustainability planning of Ericsson.



32

Photo: J.Lokrantz/azote.se



33

Stockholm Resilience Centre offers severalinterdisciplinary courses on the first level(Undergraduate), second level (Master) and thirdlevel (Postgraduate). The courses are part of the CTM legacy, which until 2007 developedand promoted interdisciplinary courses atStockholm University (SU). Consequently, allcourses are developed in collaboration withseveral departments at SU. This also opens upfor extended networking opportunities and new

research collaborations.The synergy-effect of integrating Centreresearch with education generates course contentthat is closely linked to the Centre’s core research.For instance, one of the Master programmesdeparts from the principles of the MillenniumEcosystem Assessment. Furthermore, guestresearchers and various research activities helpincrease the quality of the courses. The research

benefits from the students’ works (projects andtheses) and involvement in education provides anarena to foster the next generation of researchers.

The transdscplnary PhD Group

The transdisciplinary PhD group is a cross facultyforum for PhD students from all departments atSU. Their academic backgrounds vary from law,human geography, sociology, systems ecologyand zoology. This arena was started by CTM

in 2000 and some 40 PhD students have sincebeen involved in this group. The aim is to createa forum where researchers early in their careerscan communicate with people from differentacademic backgrounds. This is a preconditionfor interdisciplinary research, and several of the young generation of scientists at StockholmResilience Centre has a background in this forum.

Teaching and training

Hållbar samhällsutveckling, 60 credits.•

An introductory course at the Departmentof Physical Geography. Eight departmentsat Stockholm University are involved andStockholm Resilience Centre plays anactive role in the course.Världens Eko, 7,5 credits.• An introductory course on sustainabledevelopment, initiated and driven by

students.Miljövetenskapliga seminarier, 7,5•

credits. An interdisciplinary courseoffered for students at the EnvironmentalScience program at the Institute forApplied Environmental Science (ITM).Sustainable development and resilience•

perspectives, 7,5 credits.An introductory course for exchangestudents within the Swedish Program.

Ecosystems, Governance and•

Globalisation (EGG), 120 credits.An interdisciplinary Master’s Programmein cooperation with several departments atStockholm University.Sustainable Enterprising, 120 credits.•

A Master´s Programme that is apartnership between StockholmResilience Centre, the School of

Business, the Department of Law andthe Department of Biology Education atStockholm University.Third level courses (Postgraduate)•

A combined workshop and PhD course,“Complexity and the social sciences, 5credits.”, was given at SRC in September2007. PhD students from six differentcountries participated, representing awide range of academic backgrounds. Keynote lecturer was Professor Steve Lansingfrom the Santa Fe Institute, California.

Courses at the Stockholm Reslence Centre



34

Strategic communication for improved policyand decision support is an important part of theStockholm Resilience Centre’s mission.

During its first year the Centre has invested muchtime and resources into establishing effectivecommunication channels and developing agraphic profile for the Centre. Webste developments

The website, www.stockholmresilience.su.se, isan important channel for communication and

the ambition has been to develop a website thatreflects a centre that is in the very forefront of itsfield. This also includes research communication.The website uses modern video technology toaccompany textual information along withan extensive use of pictures. Seminar videos,specially designed movies and pictures are allprovided by professional partners.

The website offers several ful l-length videosof key speakers from the Stockholm Seminars:Frontiers in Sustainability Science and Policy,

a series given by the Centre in cooperationwith the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciencesamong others. Here, leading scientists presenttheir research on sustainable development.Furthermore, the website offers video interviewswith visiting scientists explaining key issuesof resilience research. A monthly electronicnewsletter is under development together with anew centre intranet.

Meda coverage

Researchers at the Stockholm Resilience Centre

have been frequently interviewed by the Swedishmedia. During 2007 there have been some 40newspaper articles, TV and radio programmes,as well as some debate articles and editorialsin national dai ly newspapers. Collaboration isestablished with media consultants to improvethe contacts with international media. All pressclippings are available on the Centre website. Semnars

We have during 2007 organised a number of

open seminars. These include 14 Stockholm

Seminars at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, with leading scientist from around theworld. Another example is the new series calledWisdom Seminars, with talks by Paul Ehrlich andCS Holling during the fall 2007.

Other key actvtes

One of the key start-up activities has been topresent the Centre to important stakeholdersboth in Sweden and internationally. The Centrewas successfully inaugurated in May, in thepresence of more than 200 Swedish stakeholders.

Furthermore, the Centre has been presented toimportant international stakeholders on severaloccasions, including the 15th session of theCommission of Sustainable Development inNew York in May and the UNESCO generalconference in Paris in October.

We are currently preparing for theResilience2008 conference in Stockholm inApril. This will be a major event attractingmedia interest to key issues such as resilience,adaptation and transformation in turbulent times.For more information on the conference, see page27 or www.resilience2008.org.

Collaboraton wth Albaeco

The Stockholm Resilience Centre works in closecollaboration with Albaeco, located in the samebuilding as the centre. Albaeco is an independentnon-profit organisation working to mainstreaminsights from the transdisciplinary researchon resilience and ecosystem services amongindividuals as well as policy makers within thepublic and private sector. Albaeco assists in many

of the communications activities of the centre,including the production of news items andvideo for the website, and arranging seminarsand media contacts. Albaeco and the centre havealso co-produced “Manna – Food in a NewLight”, an exhibition on the links between foodproduction, resilience and ecosystem services.Apart from this, Albaeco is also engaged in thecommunication of resilience science throughits own channels, including the Sida-financednewsletter “Sustainable Development Update”.

Communications



From the exhibition “Manna - Food in a New Light”.— The art of fitting 200 litres of water into one bottle of beer.

Photo: Eric Langenskiöld



36

Accounts in brief

0

5

10

15

20

The total unds allocated n 2007 to the Stockholm Reslence Centre was 37,7 MSEK and dvded accordng to the

ollowng table. In addton, the Beier nsttute and the Stockholm Envronment Insttute contrbuted n-knd

approxmately 2 MSEK durng 2007.

MISTRA fnancng o the Stockholm Reslence Centre s a grant o 105 MSEK n total or seven years, dstrbuted as ollows:

The subsdy rom Stockholm Unversty s n total 7,3 MSEK, ncludng a

PhD-grant o 4 years (1,54 MSEK).

Courses and Educaton gave 3,1 MSEK.

Baltc Nest Insttute s unded by the Swedsh EPA wth 7 MSEK per year.

*External grants durng 2007 were 10,7 MSEK, dvded among theollowng unders:



37

Appendix A.

PublicationsBooks n progress (sgned contracts)

Baker, S. and K. Eckerberg (eds.) In Pursuit of SustainableDevelopment: New Governance at the Sub-National Level

in Europe. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Boyd, E. and C. Folke (eds.).Governing SocialEcological Systems: Adapting to the Challenge of GlobalEnvironmental Change. Cambridge University Press,Cambridge UK.

Chapin, T, G. Kofinas and C. Folke (eds.). Principlesof Natural Resource Stewardship: Resilience-BasedManagement in a Changing World. Springer Verlag, NewYork.

Niemelä, J., J. Breuste, G. Guntensberger, N. McIntyre, T.Elmqvist and P. James (eds). Handbook of Urban Ecology.Oxford University Press.

Norberg, J. and G. Cumming (eds.). Complexity Theory

for a Sustainable Future. Columbia University Press, NewYork.

Rickinson, M., C . Lundholm and N. Hopwood.Environmental Learning. Insights from Research into theStudent Experience. Springer Verlag, Amsterdam.

Sörlin, S. and P. Warde (eds.), Nature’s End: Environmentand History. Palgrave MacMillan, London.

Scentfc artcles 2007

Chapin, F.S. III, K. Danell , T. Elmqvist, C. Folke,and N. Fresco. 2007. Managing Climate Change

Impacts to Enhance the Resilience and Sustainability of Fennoscandinan Forests. Ambio 36:528-33.

Deutsch, L., S. Gräslund, C. Folke, M. Huitric, N.Kautsky, M. Troell and L. Lebel. 2007. FeedingAquaculture Growth through Globalization; Exploitationof Marine Ecosystems for Fishmeal. Global EnvironmentalChange 17:238-249.

Duit, A. 2007. Path Dependency and Institutional Change:The Case of Industrial Emission Control in Sweden. PublicAdministration 85: 1097-1118.

(4.) Elmqvist T., M. Pyykönen, M. Tengö, F.Rakotondrasoa, E. Rabakonandrianina et al. 2007.Patterns of Loss and Regeneration of Tropical Dry Forestin Madagascar: The Social Institutional Context. PLoS

ONE 2(5): e402 .doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000402

Enfors, E. and L. Gordon. 2007. Analysing Resilience inDryland Agro-ecosystems: A case study of the Makanyacatchment in Tanzania over the past 50 years. LandDegradation & Development 18: 680 — 696.

Fabricius C., C. Folke, G. Cundill and L. Schultz. 2007.Powerless Spectators, Coping Actors, and Adaptive Co-Managers? A Synthesis of the Role of Communities inEcosystem Management. E cology and Society 12(1):29.[online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art29

Folke, C. 2007. Social-Ecological Systems and AdaptiveGovernance of the Commons. Ecological Research 22:14-15.

Folke, C., L. Pritchard, F. Berkes, J. Colding and U.

Svedin. 2007. The Problem of Fit Between Ecosystems andInstitutions: Ten Years Later. Ecology and Society 12(1):30. [online]URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art30/

Galaz, V. 2007. Water Governance, Resilience and GlobalEnvironmental Change: A Reassessment of IntegratedWater Resources Management. Water Science and

Technology 56: 1-9.

Gunderson, L. and C. Folke. 2007. Looking Forward,Looking Back. Ecology and Soc iety 12(1): 32. [online]URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art32/

Gunderson, L., C. Folke, and M. A. Janssen. 2007.Reflective Practice . Ecology and Society 12(2): 40. [online]URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss2/art40/

Hughes T.P., D.R. Bellwood, C. Folke, L.J. McCook and J.M. Pandolfi. 2007. No-Take Areas, Herbivory and CoralReef Resilience . Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22:1-3.

Hughes T.P., L. Gunderson, C. Folke, A. Baird, D.Bellwood, F. Berkes, B. Crona, A. Helfgott, H. Leslie,

J. Norberg, M. Nystrom, P. Olsson, H. Österbloom, M.

Scheffer, H. Schuttenberg, R. S. Steneck, M. Tengö, M.Troell, B. Walker, J. Wilson, and B . Worm. 2007. Adaptivemanagement of the Great Barrier Reef and the GrandCanyon World Heritage Areas. Ambio 36:586-592.

Jansson, Å. and J. Colding. 2007. Tradeoffs betweenenvironmental goals and urban development: The case of nitrogen load from the Stockholm County to the BalticSea. Ambio 36: 650-656.

Liu, J., T. Dietz, S.R. Carpenter, C. Folke, M. Albert i,C.L. Redman, S.H. Schneider, E. Ostrom, A.N. Pell, J.Lubchenco, W.W. Taylor, Z. Ouyang, P. Deadman, T.Kratz and W. Provencher. Coupled Human and NaturalSystems. Ambio 36:639-649.

7. Liu, J., T. Dietz, S.R. Carpenter, M. Alberti, C. Folke,E. Moran, A.C. Pell, P. Deadman, T. Kratz, J. Lubchenco,E. Ostrom, Z. Ouyang, W. Provencher, C.L. Redman, S.H.Schneider, W.W. Taylor. 2007. Complexity of CoupledHuman and Natural Systems. Science 317:1513-1516.

Olsson, P., C. Folke, V. Galaz, T. Hahn and L. Schultz.2007. Enhancing the Fit through Adaptive Comanagement:Creating and Maintaining Bridging Functions forMatching Scales in the Krist ianstads Vattenrike BiosphereReserve Sweden. Ecology and Society 12(1): 28. [online]URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art28/

Österblom, H., S. Hansson, U. Larsson, O. Hjerne, F.Wulff, R. Elmgren and C. Folke. 2007. Human-inducedTrophic Cascades and Ecological Regime Shift s in the

Baltic Sea. Ecosystems 10:877-889.

(2.) Rockström, J., M. Lannerstad and M. Falkenmark.2007. Assessing the Water Challenge of a New GreenRevolution in Developing Countries. Proceedings NationalAcademy of Sciences USA (PNAS) 104: 6253-6260.

Rockström, J. and J. Barron. 2007. Water Productivity inRainfed Systems: Overview of challenges and analysis of opportunities in water scarcity prone savannahs. IrrigationScience 25:299-311

Savage, V., C. Webb and J. Norberg. 2007. A GeneralMulti-trait-based Framework for Studying the Effectsof Biodiversity on Ecosystem Functioning. Journal of Theoretical Biology 247: 213-229

(8.) Schultz, L., C . Folke and P. Olsson. 2007. Enhancing



38

Ecosystem Management through Social-EcologicalInventories: Lessons from Kristianstads Vattenrike,Sweden. Environmental Conservation 34: 140 -152.

(6.) Tengö, M., K. Johansson, F. Rakotondrasoa, J.Lundberg, J.-A. Andriamaherilala, J.-A. Rakotoarisoaand T. Elmqvist. 2007. Taboos and Forest Governance:informal protection of hot spot dry forest in southern

Madagascar. Ambio 36: 683-691.

Tittensor, D.P., F. Micheli, M. Nyström and B . Worm.2007. Human Impacts on the Species-Area Relationship inReef Fish Assemblages. Ecology Letters 10:760-772.

Worm, B., E.B. Barbier, N. Beaumont , J.E. Duffy,C. Folke, B.S. Halpern. J.B.C. Jackson, H.K. Lotze,F. Micheli, S.R. Palumbi, E. Sala, K.A. Selkoe, J.J.Stachowicz and R. Watson. 2007. Biodiversity Loss in theOcean: How Bad Is It? Response. Sc ience 316:1282-1284.

Book chapters

de Fraturier C., D. Wichelns, J. Rockström, E. Kemp-Benedict, N. Eriyagama, L.J. Gordon, M.A. Hanjra, J.Hoogeveen, A. Huber-Lee and L. Karlberg. 2007. LookingAhead to 2050: Scenarios of Alternative InvestmentApproaches. In. Molden D. (editor) Water for Food,Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of WaterManagement in Agricultu re. pp. 91-145. Earthscan,London.

Falkenmark M., C.M. Finlayson. L.J. Gordon, E.M.Bennett, T. Matiza Chiuta, D. Coates, N. Gosh, M.Gopalakrishnan, R.S . de Groot, G. Jacks, E. Kendy, L.Oyebande, M. Moore, G.D. Peterson and J.M. Portugez.2007. Agriculture, Water and Ecosystems: Avoiding theCosts of Going too Far. In. Molden D. (editor) Waterfor Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessmentof Water Management in Agr iculture. pp. 233-277.Earthscan, London .

Folke, C., J. Colding, P. Olsson and T. Hahn. 2007.Integrated Social-Ecological Systems and AdaptiveGovernance of Ecosystem Services. In: Pretty, J., A. Ball,T. Benton, J. Guivant, D. Lee, D. Orr, M. Pfeffer andH. Ward (editors). Sage Handbook on Environment andSociety, Chapter 37: 536-552. Sage Publications, London.

McCook L.J., P. Marshall, C. Folke, T. Hughes, M.Nyström, D. Obura and R. Salm. 2007. EcologicalResilience, Climate change and the Great Barrier Reef . In:Vulnerability of the Great Barrier Reef to Cl imate Change.The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA)and the Australian Greenhouse Office.

Olsson, P. 2007. The Role of Vision in Framing Adaptive

Co-Management Processes: Lessons from KristianstadsVattenrike ,SouthernSweden. In: Armitage, D., F. Berkesand N. Doubleday (editors). Adaptive Co-Management:Collaboration, Learning, and Multi-level Governance.Chapter 14: 268-285. UBC Press , Vancouver.

Rockström, J., N. Hatibu, T. Oweis, S. Wani, J. Barron, A.Bruggeman, Z. Qiang, J. Farahani and L. Karlberg. 2007.Managing Water in Rainfed Agriculture. In. Molden D.(editor) Water for Food, Water for Life: A ComprehensiveAssessment of Water Management in Agriculture. Chapter9: 315-348. Earthscan, London.

Polcy papers, reports and edtorals

Boyd, E., Galaz , V., A-S Crepin, J. Norberg and P. Olsson.2007. Klimat och resiliens - underlagsrapport till den

svenska Klimat- och sårbarhetsutredningen. [ClimateChange and Resilience - expert report for the SwedishGovernment Inquiry on Climate and Vulnerability]. October.

Deutsch, L. 20 07. Svensk mat som sätter internationellaspår. chapter in: Konsumtion i ett hållbart samhälle :Business as usual - eller måste vi ändra livsstil? FormasFokuserar nr. 12. In Swedish. The Swedish Research

Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences andSpatial Planning (Formas).

Deutsch, L. and J. Björklund. 2007. How Swedish is aSwedish Cow? How Swedish consumption and productionof food is dependent on and affects ecosystems in Swedenand abroad. Kungliga Skogs- och Lantbruksakademien(KSLA) and SIDA.

Ekman, B., T. Ries, J. Rockström, Goda möjligheter blivinnare, Svenska Dagbladet, Brännpunkt, 2007-03-25.

Ekman, B., C. Folke, C. Mossfeldt, J. Rockström.2007. Vår Tids Största Utmaning. Svenska DagbladetBrännpunkt. 2007-06-28.

Falkenmark, M. and V. Galaz. 2007. Agricultu re, Water

and Ecosystems. Swedish Water House Policy Brief Nr. 6.SIWI, 2007.

Folke, C. 2007. Vår Miljö: En Ödes- och Utvecklingsfråga.Nyhetsbrev Nr. 9 från Mistra, oktober 2007. p. 2.

Galaz, V. 2007. Klimat och politik, Essä Dagens NyheterKultur, 2007-03-14.

Galaz, V. 2007. Varning för klimatkrisens överraskningar,Essä Svenska Dagbladet Kultur, 2007-10-25.

Galaz, V. 2007. Jordens akilleshälar synas i komplexasystem, Miljöforskning, nr 4, 2007.

Galaz, V., L. Gordon, F. Miller and G. Han. 2007. Waterand Agricultural Systems under Stress: Avoiding RegimeShifts by Building Resilience in Policy and Institutions.Policy Report III, The Swedish Water House/StockholmInternational Water Institute.

Larsen, R.K., F. Miller and F. Thomalla. 2007.Vulnerability in the Context of Post 2004 Indian OceanTsunami Recovery: Lessons for Building More ResilientCoastal Communities. A Synthesis of DocumentedFactors Contributing to Tsunami Related Vulnerabilitiesin Sri Lanka and Indonesia. SEI Risk, Livelihoods &Vulnerability Report, Stockholm Environment Institute,Stockholm, Sweden, December 2007, 44 pp.

Larsson, M., and T. Hahn. 2007. Tillväxt, välfärd ochmiljö. Tvärdrag nr. 1, 2007.

Larsson, M., A. Löf and T. Hahn. 2007. Local OrganicFoodSysteminJärna EcosystemManagementandMultilevel Governance in Agricultural Production GEM-CON-BIO Case Study Report.

Larsson, M. 2007. Trust, Social Capital and CommunityDevelopment - A Caste study of EnvironmentalEntrepreneurs. Conference proceedings of InternationalSustainable Development Research Conference, Västerås,

June 2007.

Lindgren, E. 2007. Klimat- och sårbarhetsutredningensbetänkandeSverigeinförklimatförändringarhot

och möjligheter, SOU 2007:60, underlagsrapport omhälsoeffekter. M2007:60

Lundqvist, J., J. Barron, G. Berndes, A. Berntell, M.Falkenmark, L. Karlberg, and J. Rockström. 2007.



39

Water pressure and increases in food and bioenergydemand - implications of economic g rowth and optionsforde-coupling(ch.3). Scenariosoneconomicgrowth

and resource demand´ Background report to the SwedishEnvironmental Advisory Council memorandum 2007:1

Olsson, P. 2007. Förvaltning av lokala fiskbestånd. In HTunón, M Iwarsson, S Manktelow (eds) Människan och

Faunan: etnobiologi i Sverige 3, pp. 380-381. Wahlström& Widstrand, Stockholm.

Olsson, P. 2007. Vattenriket i Världen. In M. Starendal(ed) Mat, råvaror, och energi: en kunskapsresa i Linnésanda, pp 91-97. Formas, Stockholm.

Olsson, P. 2007. The rich wetlands of Kristianstad. InM. Starendal (ed) Food, raw materials, and energy: aknowledge journey in the spirit of Linnaeus, pp 91-97.Formas, Stockholm.

Rockström, J., Berntell, A. , Moulden, D., FN-rapport:Vattenbrist redan verklighet - och värre blir det,Göteborgs-Posten, debatt, 2007-03-21

Publcatons n press

(5.) Bodin, Ö. and B. Crona. Management of NaturalResources at the Community Level: Exploring the Roleof Social Capital and Leadership in a Rural FishingCommunity. World Development.

Boyd, E. Navigating Amazonia under Uncertainty:Learning from Past and Present Forms of EnvironmentalGovernance. Phil. Trans. Royal Society.

Chopin T., S.M.C. Robinson, M. Troell, A. Neori, A.Buschmann and J.G. Fang. Ecological Engineering: Multi-Trophic Integration for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture.In: Jorgensen, S .E. (editor.), Encyclopedia of Ecology.Elsevier, Oxford.

Elmqvist, T and Tengö, M. Spontaneous Regeneration of Tropical Dry Forest in Madagascar I n: Nagendra H andSouthworth J (editors) Forest Regeneration: Patterns andProcesses. Springer Verlag, Amsterdam.

Elmqvist, T., C. Alfsen and J. Colding. Urban Systems. In: Jorgensen, S.E. (editor), Encyclopedia of Ecology. Elsevier.

(10.) Galaz, V. and A. Duit. Governing Complexity:Emerging Challenges for Governance Theory. Governance.

Galaz, V., T. Hahn, P. Olsson, C. Folke and U. Svedin.The Problem of Fit Between Governance Systems andEnvironmental Regimes. In: Young, O., L.A. King andH. Schroeder (editors). Institutions and Environmental

Change: Principal Findings; Applications and ResearchFrontiers, MIT Press, Boston.

(1.) Gordon, L.J., G.D. Peterson and E. Bennett .Agricultural Modifications of Hydrological Flows CreateEcological Surprises . Trends in Ecology and Evolution.

Gordon, L.J, E. Enfors. Land Degradation, EcosystemServices and Resilience of Smallholder Farmers inMakanya catchment, Tanzania. Book Chapter preparedfor the Comprehensive Assessment book “Reversing theTrends in Land and Water Degradation”.

Lundholm, C. 2008. Discourse, Cause and Change: AStudy on Economics Students’ Conceptions of ChildLabour. In Öhman, J. (Ed.) Ethics and Democracy inEducation for Sustainable development. Contributions

from Swedish Research. Stockholm: Liber.

(3.) Mäler, K.-G., S. Aniyar and Å. Jansson. Accountingfor Ecosystem Services. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, USA

Milly, P.C.D., J. Betancourt , M. Falkenmark, R.M.Hirsch, Z.W. Kundzewicz, D.P. Lettenmaier, R.J. Stouffer.2008. Stationarity is Dead: Whither Water Management.Science 319:573-574.

(9.) Olsson, P., C. Folke and T.P. Hughes. Navigating theTransition towards Ecosystem-Based Management of theGreat Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Proceed ingsNational Academy of Sciences, USA

Robertson-Andersson, D.V., M. Potgieter, J . Hansen, J. Bolton, M. Troell, R.J. Anderson, C. Hal ling and T.Probyn. Integrated Seaweed Cultivation on an AbaloneFarm in South A frica. Journal of Applied Phycology.

Rockström, J., P. Kaumbutho, J. Mwalley, A.W. Nzabi,M. Temesgen, L. Mawenya, J. Barron, J. Mutua and S.Damgaard-Larsen. Conservation Farming Strategiesin East and Southern Afr ica: Yields and Rain WaterProductivity from On-Farm Action Research. Soil &Tillage Research.

Sörlin, S. Essay review: Sharon E. Kingsland. TheEvolution of American Ecology, 1890-200 0. Baltimore,MD: Johns Hopkins University Press: 2005, and otherworks on the modern history of ecology. Lychnos.

Troell, M. Integrated Marine and Brackish WaterAquaculture in Tropical Regions: Research, Implementationand Prospects. FAO Technical Report. 76 p.

Master theses o the Stockholm ReslenceCentre

During the year the Ecosystem, Governance and

Globalization programme has produced 17 master thesesand the Sustainable Enterprising program 14 master theses.

Appendix B.

Partnerships

The Stockholm Reslence Centre collaborateswth a great number o nternatonal researchpartners ncludng:

Resilience Alliance

ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reefs Studies, JamesCook University, Australia

The research group on social-ecological resilience atUniversity of Alaska Fairbanks, USA

The Fenner School of Environment and Society, AustralianNational University, Australia

Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and theCenter for Sustainability and other groups at University of Wisconsin, USA.

Oxford Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford,UK

Ashoka Trust for Ecology and the Environment (ATREE),Bangalore, India



40

Institute for Economic Growth, Dehli

Tyndall Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity and Schoolof Human Evolution and Social Change, Ari zona StateUniversity, USA

CSIRO, Canberra and Townsville, Australia

SARAS, South American Institute for Resilience andSustainability, Montevideo, Uruguay

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PIK,Germany

Department of Environmental Sciences , WageningenUniversity, The Netherlands

Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba,Winnipeg, Canada.

Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, USA

International Geosphere-Biosphere Program, (IGBP)

International Human Dimension program on GlobalEnvironmental Change (IHDP)

Earth Systems Science Program (ESSP)

Governance for Sustainable Development program atthe Donald Bren School of Environmental Science andManagement, USA

School of Earth Science and other groups at StanfordUniversity, USA

Sustainability Science In itiative and Clark University, USAUNESCO, Ecological and Earth Science and Man and theBiosphere Program MAB

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Rutgers University, USA

International Institute for Environment and Development,IIED, UK

Several CGIAR institutes, particularly IWMI, ICRISATand ICRAF.

The SEI research network Sumernet (Sustainable MekongResearch Network) that includes research institutions inthe Mekong river basin.

Appendix C.

A selection of presentations

Scentfc presentatons

UK-India Young Scientists Networking Conferenceon Extreme Weather Events in the Context of ClimateChange, British Council, New Delhi, India, Boyd, E.,Invited speaker, Talk title: ‘Cultural interpretations of floods in UK and India in 2007’, November.

Conference Adaptive and Integrative Water Management(CAIWA), Basel, Switzerland, Folke, C. Plenarypresentation, November.

McGill School of the Environment Speaker Series , Gordon,L. Invited speaker.”Water, food and ecosystem services:

Building resilience of agricultural landscapes”, November.

ECPR (European Consortium for Political Research), Pisa,Italy, Olsson, P., Duit, A. paper presentations, September.

IGBP 20 year anniversary, Stockholm, Rockström J.,“Adaptation and Sustainable Development”, September.

Ecological Society of America, Symposium on “Tippingpoints in the biosphere: Water, agriculture and resilience”,Gordon, L., Invited speaker, “Human modificationof green water flows: Influencing tipping points inecosystems” August.

European Society for Ecological Economics (ESEE),Leipzig, Germany, Folke, C. Plenary presentation, June.

Centre for the Environment, workshop Resilience,Realities and Research in Afr ican Environments, OxfordUniversity, Folke, C. I nvited pres., June.

IHDP open meeting, Amsterdam, Olsson, P. invitedkeynote speaker, and Galaz, V., Duit, A. paperpresentations, May.

Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, JamesCook University, Townsville, Australi a, Thomalla, F.,“Governance and Ecosystem Management of Coastal andMarine Systems: Defining the Research Agenda for theStockholm Resilience Centre”, May.

IARU Young Scholars Workshop, The Australian NationalUniversity- ANU Canberra, Australia, Ses sion: SustainableWater Management at the Local, Reg ional and GlobalScales, Deutsch , L., “Global Trade, Food Production andEcosystem Support”, March.

Learning for Sustainable Development, Conference, Umeå,Eckerberg, K., ”Lärande för hållbar utveckling i g lobalt,nationellt och lokalt perspektiv”, February.

Skinnskatteberg International Workshop on SustainableLandscapes, Hahn, T., Invited speaker, “Accountingsystems and areas for sustainable landscapes: Economicanalysis.” February

Polcy ora

UNFCCC Bali, Boyd, E., Panel speaker, “Can we reduceemissions from the atmosphere and achieve sustainabledevelopment?”, December.

UNESCO AquaTerra Integrated Project, Venice, Gordon,L., Keynote speaker on the resilience perspective,December.

EuroMAB conference in Antalya, Turkey, Elmqvist, T.,Olsson, P., Schultz, L., opening talk, keynote talk andpresentation, November.

European Commission, DG Environment and theEuropean Parliament, Brussels. de Zeeuw, A.: “BeyondGDP: Measuring progress, true wealth, and the well-beingof nations”, November.

UNEP Trondheim Conference “Ecosystems and people- Biodiversity and Development-The Road to 2010and beyond”, Elmqvist, T., Keynote speaker. October-November.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) follow-upmeeting, the Ministry for Environment, Stockholm,Elmqvist, T., Folke. C., Rockström, J ., October.



41

UNESCO general conference, side event on BiosphereResilience, Elmqvist, T., Folke, C., Rosswall, T., October.

Global Sustainability - A Nobel Cause, Nobel Laureatessymposium led by German Chancel lor Angela Merkel onglobal sustainability.

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK),

Johan Rockström, October.Sida Development Area, Stockholm, Schultz, L .,“Ecosystems, livelihoods and climate change: How canwe manage ecosystems to improve human wellbeing?”September.

Meeting the Climate Challenge, Seminar with NicholasStern, Aula Magna, Stockholm University. Panelpresentations, Folke, C., Mäler, K-G., June.

Scientific Exchange and Technical Review Meeting on“Development Co-operation for Marine Research in Eastand West Africa: Lessons Learned and Future Direct ions”,organised by Sida, IUCN, Swedish Water House, PRCM,FIBA and Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm,Sweden, Thomalla, F. and Folke. C., “Building Research

Capacity for Improved Governance of Coastal & MarineSystems”, May.

Commission of Sustainable Development 15th session,UN, New York, Elmqvist, T and Sörlin, S., “Research onresilience and the Stockholm Resi lience Centre”, May.

G8-UNESCO World Forum on ‘Education, Researchand Innovation: New Partnership for SustainableDevelopment’, Trieste, Italy, Sörlin, S., Rapporteur’sReport, session, “Environment: Global Challenges”, May.

FAO, Workshop on ”Ecosystem approach to Aquaculturedevelopment, Mallorca, Spain, Troell, M. Presentation“Integrated Aquaculture in the Tropics”, May.

The Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research40-year jubilee, Eckerberg, K., ”Globala perspektiv påmiljö och utveckling”, April.

Swedish Parliament, the Environmental and AgriculturalCommittee , Elmqvist, T., Hahn, T., Lundholm, C., Invitedspeakers, March.

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Hahn, T.,Invited speaker “The ecosystem approach in practice:Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve (KVBR).”February.

Appendix D.

Staff Below are only staff members that have been employed orfinanced directly from the Stockholm Resilience Centreduring 2007.

MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATION ANDCOMMUNICATION

Executive Director Johan Rockström, Prof.

Science Director Carl Folke, Prof.

Assistant Director Christina Schaffer, MSc

Head of Finance and Administration Kristina Hagqvist, BSc

Finance Administrator Rickard Castillus, MSc

Head of Communications Ellika Hermansson Török, MSc

Communications Officer Cajsa Mart insson, MSc

Web Editor Sturle Hauge Simonsen, BSc

ED Assistant Teresa Ogenstad

Office Manager Christine Börjesson, MSc

Project Coordinator Rebecka Henriksson, MSc

Research and Project Assistant Annette Löf, MSc

EDUCATION

Director of Studies Thomas Hahn, PhD

Programme Director Lisa Deutch, PhD

Programme Director Miriam Huitric, PhD

Course assistant/administrator Johan Ahlenius, MSc

Course Coordinator Marmar Nekoro, MSc

Course Coordinator Jennie Svedén, MSc

Course Coordinator Johan Törnberg, MSc

Course Leader Markus Larsson, PhD student

RESEARCH THEMES

The new economcs o complex socal-ecologcal systems

Theme Leader Aart de Zeeuw, Prof.

Karl-Göran Mäler, Prof.

Mult-level nsttutons and governance o socal-ecologcal systems

Theme Leader Andreas Duit, PhD

Theme Leader Katarina Eckerberg, Prof.

Theme leader Victor Galaz, PhD

Adaptve governance o dynamc land- andseascapes

Theme Leader Per Olsson, PhD

Theme Leader Emily Boyd PhD

Regme shts, scales and sources o reorgansaton n socal-ecologcal systems

Theme Leader Sverker Sörlin, Prof.

Theme Leader Carl Folke, Prof., Science Director

Governng reshwater or ood and ecosystemservces

Theme Leader Johan Rockström, Prof., Executive Director

Theme Leader Line Gordon, PhD

Governance and ecosystem management o coastal and marne systems

Theme Leader Frank Thomalla, PhD

Theme Leader Henrik Österblom, PhD

Theme Leader Max Troell, Assoc iated Prof.



42

Urban socal-ecologcal systems andglobalsaton

Theme Leader Thomas Elmqvist, Prof.

Theme Leader Johan Colding, PhD

Knowledge management, learnng and socalnetworks n socal-ecologcal systems

Theme Leader Åsa Swartling, PhD

Theme Leader Örjan Bodin, PhD

Cecilia Lundholm, PhD

Researchers

Jennie Barron, PhD

Maria Bohn, PhD student

Ann-Sophie Crepin, PhD

Henrik Ernstsson, PhD student

Malin Falkenmark, Prof

Jacob von Heland, PhD student

Louise Karlberg, PhD

Elisabeth Lindgren, PhD

Vikrom Mathur, PhD student

Jon Norberg, Associated Prof.

Markku Pyykönen, GIS Manager

Lisa Segnestam, PhD student

Uno Svedin, Prof.

Fiona Miller, PhD

Baltc Nest Insttute

Director BNI Fredrik Wulff, Prof.Research Engineer Miguel Rodriguez-Medina, PhD

Researcher Oleg Savchuk, PhD

Researcher Alexander Sokolov

Researcher Christoph Humborg, Associate Prof.

Researcher Magnus Mörth, Associate Prof.

Researcher Thorsten Blenckner, PhD

Policy Officer/Researcher Henrik Österblom, PhD

Assistant Martina Kadin, MSc

PhD-orum at SRC

Adolfine Kateka

Angelina Sandersen

Dan Wilhelmsson

Fredrik Hannerz

Hanna Kling

Jenny Appelblad

Joakim Philipson

Karin Reuterswärd

Katrin Holmström

Li Wang

Lisbeth Segerlund

Lisen Schultz

Paul Fuehrer

Per Mühlenbock

Supriyo Das

Åsa Romson

Vstng Scentsts Frances Westley, Prof. University of Waterloo, Canada

Steve Lansing, Prof. University of Arizona and Santa Fe

Institute, US

Will Steffen, Prof. Australian National University,

Australia

Post doc

Jagdish Krishnaswamy, PhD, India

CTM BOARD(From 1 January 2008 The Councl ForTransdscplnary Envronmental Studes)

Chair: Klas Åmark, Prof. HistoryFaculty of Law: Jonas Ebbeson, Prof. Environmental Law

Faculty of Social Sciences: Christofer Edling, Ass. Prof.

Sociology

Faculty of Natural Sciences: Margaretha Ihse, Prof.

Physical Geography

Faculty of Humanities: Ulf Jonsson, Prof. Economic History

BOARD OF THE BALTIC NEST INSTITUTE

Niels Peter Revsbech, Professor, University of Aarhus,

Institute of Biological Sciences (Chair)

Henrik Sandbech, Direc tor, National Environmental

Research Institute, Aarhus University

Johan Rockström, Executive Director, Stockholm

Resilience Centre, Stockholm University

Erik Fellenius, Director of the Research Secretariat,

Swedish Environment Protection Agency (Naturvardsverket)



Postal address: Stockholm Reslence Centre

Stockholm Unversty, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

Phone: +46 8 674 70 70, Fax: +46 8 674 70 20

annual report 2007-1

Documents