annual report 2004-2005appeared this year (or areabout to appear): the outer planets and their moons...

Annual Report 2004-200510

YEAR

ANNIVER

SARY

ISSU

E

Impressum

Publisher International Space Science InstituteHallerstrasse 6CH-3012 BernSwitzerlandT.: +41 31 631 48 96F.: +41 31 631 48 97

EditorsIrmela Schweizer, Vittorio Manno andRudolf von Steiger

Concept/LayoutIrmela Schweizer

Cover DesignIrmela Schweizer

PrintingESA Publications DivisionESTEC, PO Box 299Noordwijk, 2200 AGThe Netherlands

Bern, August 2005

Cover Page

Puzzle composed of six images (from theupper left to the lower right):

1. TRACE image of coronal loops of theSun (NASA/TRACE).

2. An artist’s impression of the Clusterquartet (ESA).

3. Picture of the hurricane Alberto east ofBermuda on August 11, 2000 (SeaWiFSProject/NASA/GSFC and ORBIMAGE).

4. Image of Saturn’s ultraviolet aurorataken by the Space Telescope ImagingSpectrograph on board the Hubble SpaceTelescope in October 1997 (J.T. Trauger/JetPropulsion Laboratory and NASA).

5. Hubble Space Telescope view of theCat’s Eye nebula, three thousend lightyears from Earth (Hubble Space Tele-scope/NASA/ESA/HEIC, and The HubbleHeritage Team).

6. Picture of the Martian Reull Vallis takenby the High Resolution Stereo Camera onboard the Mars Express Spacecraft (ESA/DLR/FU Berlin: G.Neukum).

Annual Report1 July 2004–30 June 2005

The International Space Science Institute (ISSI), located in Bern, Switzerland, is anInstitute of Advanced Studies in space sciences where scientists from all over the worldmeet in a multi- and interdisciplinary setting to reach out for new scientific horizons.ISSI’s main task is to contribute to the achievement of a deeper understanding of theresults of space research missions.

Contents

Who is who? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

From the President of the Board ofTrustees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

From the Directors: The Tenth Year . 6

About ISSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Governing and Supporting Bodies . . . 8 Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

ISSI’s Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Financial Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

About Pro-ISSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pro-ISSI association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The SPATIUM Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Scientific Activities: The Tenth Year 13 The Programme and the Tools . . . . .13Workshops and Working Groups . . .14

Forthcoming Workshops and Working Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

International Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Newly Approved Future Teams . . . . .27 Visiting Scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Forums: Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Events, Seminars, and Media . . . . . . 31Special Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 ISSI in the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Staff Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Staff Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Visitor Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

ISSI Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Space Sciences Series of ISSI. . . . . . . 45

Published Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Forthcoming Volumes . . . . . . . . . . 47

ISSI Scientific Report Series . . . . . . . . 47Published Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Forthcoming Volumes . . . . . . . . . . 47

ISSI Information Brochure . . . . . . . . . 48Pro-ISSI SPATIUM Series . . . . . . . . . . 48Published in the 10th Year . . . . . . . . . 49

4

Who is who?

Board of Trustees

Hanspeter Schneiter, Former Industrial Ombudsmanfor ESA, Zürich, Switzerland, President

Hans Balsiger, University of Bern, SwitzerlandN.N., NASA, Washington D.C., USALennard A. Fisk, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,

USA Reimar Lüst, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie,

Hamburg, GermanyClaude Nicollier, ESA/NASA, Houston, USAJohannes Ortner, International Space University,

Strasbourg, FranceMarc Bertschi, Swiss Space Office, Bern, SwitzerlandDavid Southwood, ESA, Paris, FranceKoichiro Tsuruda, JAXA, Kanagawa, JapanUrs Würgler, University of Bern, SwitzerlandLev M. Zelenyi, Russian Academy of Sciences,

Moscow, RussiaHansjörg Schläpfer, Contraves Space AG, Zürich,

Switzerland, Secretary of the Board

Board of the Association Pro-ISSI

Heinrich Leutwyler, University of Bern, Switzerland,President

Hansjörg Schläpfer, Contraves Space AG, Zürich,Switzerland, Treasurer

Kathrin Altwegg, University of Bern, SwitzerlandHans Balsiger, University of Bern, SwitzerlandHansjörg Mey, Ascom AG, Bern, SwitzerlandHanspeter Schneiter, Former Industrial Ombudsman

for ESA, Zürich, SwitzerlandGustav A. Tammann, University of Basel, Switzerland

Directors and Staff

Roger-Maurice Bonnet, Executive DirectorJohannes Geiss, Honorary Director Götz Paschmann, DirectorRudolf von Steiger, DirectorOliver Botta, Post Doctoral Scientist Yasmine Calisesi, Post Doctoral ScientistBrigitte Fasler, SecretaryAndrea Fischer, Secretary (stand-by)Kathryn Fishbaugh, Post Doctoral ScientistReinald Kallenbach, Senior ScientistAnita Kilchenmann, PhD StudentVittorio Manno, Consultant to the Executive DirectorSaliba F. Saliba, Computer Engineer and System

AdministratorIrmela Schweizer, Editorial AssistantSilvia Wenger, Assistant to the Executive Director

Science Committee

Risto Pellinen*, Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki, Finland, Chairman

Ester Antonucci, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino,Italy

Giovanni Bignami, Centre d’Etudes Spatiales desRayonnements (CESR), Toulouse, France

Len Culhane, University College London, UnitedKingdom**

Alvaro Giménez, RSSD, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, TheNetherlands

Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Technische UniversitätBraunschweig, Germany

Wesley T. Huntress, Jr., Carnegie Institution ofWashington, USA

Zbigniew Klos, Space Research Centre, Warsaw,Poland

André Maeder, Observatoire de Genève, SwitzerlandHitoshi Mizutani, ISAS, Kanagawa, JapanDonal Murtagh, Chalmers University of Technology,

Göteborg (ex-officio member), SwedenNicolas Thomas, University of Bern, SwitzerlandSylvie Vauclair, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées,

Toulouse, FranceLev M. Zelenyi*, Russian Academy of Sciences,

Moscow, Russia

* Membership ended on 30 June 2005.** Elected new Chairman. All these lists show the status at the end of the tenth business year (30 June 2005). For current lists, pleasevisit the ISSI website at www.issi.unibe.ch.

5

From the President of the Board of TrusteesOnce again, our Foundation can look back on a highly busy but equally successful yearfull of fascinating activities and contacts. An impressive number of scientific events havetaken place at ISSI gathering many of the world’s leading space scientists in Bern. It iswith great pleasure that I express my deep gratitude to all those who contributed to thissuccess, be it as a member of the Institute’s Directorate or its’ staff, be it as a scientificvisitor at ISSI or an advisor bringing along new views and fresh ideas. Of course, all theseresults could not have been achieved without the continued valuable financial supportby our sponsoring institutions, the European Space Agency ESA, the Swiss Confedera-tion and the Kanton Bern. In this context I take pleasure to welcome Dr. Marc Bertschi,now Head of the Swiss Space Office in the State Secretariat for Education and Researchrepresenting the Swiss government in our Board of Trustees.

As time is fading away new personalities come to ISSI to pave it the way to a promisingfuture. Dr. G. Paschmann, currently employed as a member of the Directorate of ISSI,has expressed his desire to step back at the end of November 2005. The Board entrust-ed R. Pellinen to chair a Search Committee to propose candidates for his succession. TheBoard has received these recommendations and will have the difficult task to choose thebest suited personality thereof.

Prof. R. Pellinen also will retreat from the Science Committee, which he served as amember and later as chairman. We are indebted to Prof. L. Culhane, currently a mem-ber of the Science Committee, for his willingness to succeed him as chairman. To Dr. G.Paschmann and Prof. R. Pellinen, we owe many valuable scientific advice and procedur-al innovations on the route of implementing the Institute’s scientific strategy.

The Federal Supervisory Authority for Foundations has informed us that new regulationsregarding the financial reporting, the Swiss GAAP FER 21, will apply from 2006 onwards.These will require some minor modifications of our current reporting practice. Asrequested by our Auditors, Ernst & Young, the Working Time Regulations and theRegulations for Visiting Scientists had to be updated. Furthermore, the ExpensesRegulations are currently in the revision process in order to comply with the new Swissrequirements regarding the individual wages declarations of the employees. Finally, theISSI Committee for Finances and Personnel approved a new template for presenting thefinancial data in the Annual Report as well in the Auditors’ Report.

At the end now of ISSI’s first ten years we thankfully see our foundation in good health,fit to tackle the challenges ahead. With the continued support by our sponsors and thestrong commitment of the Institute’s Board, Directorate and staff I am convinced thatthe forthcoming ten years will look equally brilliant for ISSI.

Hanspeter SchneiterPresident of the Board of

Trustees of the ISSI Foundation

Zürich, June 2005

6

From the Directors: The Tenth YearThe tenth year of ISSI can be considered a landmark in the life of the Institute. The firstyears largely carry the strong imprint of its founding director, Johannes Geiss. Thus wehave asked him, together with his fellow director at the start of ISSI, Bengt Hultqvist, toediting a book celebrating the first ten years of ISSI. Assembling a collection of paperswritten by the world leading scientists who have been involved in ISSI’s activities sincethe very beginning, the book is an excellent record of the institute’s pioneering scientif-ic achievements (see page 51).

Meanwhile, ISSI has entered its second phase, along the lines laid out in the Beatenbergbrainstorming meeting in early 2003. The first two Forums were convened, one in thefall of 2004, dedicated to Astrobiology. The second one, in the winter of 2005, wasaimed at discussing the relationships between Science and the Media, with a specialfocus on Space Science in particular and on the visibilities of NASA and ESA, respective-ly. The forums, as all other activities mentioned here, will be reported about more fullylater in these pages.

Two new Workshops have been held in 2005, one on Solar Dynamics and its Effects onthe Heliosphere and Earth with some 39 participants, and another on Solar Variabilityand Planetary Climates, with some 57 scientists participating. At the same time, prepa-ration for workshops in the upcoming 11th and even the 12th business year are wellunderway: Geology and Habitability of Terrestrial Planets (September 2005), Strategiesfor Life Detection (April 2006), Mercury Science (first half of 2006), and FundamentalPhysics – Confronting Theory and Experiment in Space (October 2006). Furthermore,new workshop topics are under study for a decision later this year, so the continuationof the Space Sciences Series of ISSI is secured for quite some time. Two volumesappeared this year (or are about to appear): The Outer Planets and their Moons andDayside Magnetospheric Boundaries: Cluster Results; in advanced state of editing arePlanetary Systems and Planets in Systems and Coronal Mass Ejections, and in prepara-tion we have Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth, and SolarVariability and Planetary Climates.

Two Working Groups were active in the past year: one on Calibration of ParticleInstruments operated mainly by telecons towards finalizing its volume in the ISSIScientific Reports Series. The other, on the Composition of Comets, was set up to helpbridging the gap between ESAs past and future comet missions, Giotto and Rosetta,whose prime phases are more than 25 years apart.

The International Teams continue to share a substantial portion of ISSI’s activities andresources. All 16 teams selected last year, and several from the year before, came tomeet at ISSI, some even more than once. The number of proposals received this year was60% higher than last year. The proposals were of high quality, between excellent andacceptable, with none below that level. 20 (twenty!) new proposals were selected, twoof which with additional funding from outside the normal ISSI budget. We start havingthe problem of containing such a high pressure and we may have reached the limits ofISSI’s in-house resources: With less than 10 persons (full time equivalent) we are hosting350 visits per year. Some, but of course not all, cannot believe that this is at all possible!

The Science Committee has played and plays a very active role in the selection of theseteams and in the scientific orientations of the Institute. Its Chairman, Risto Pellinen, hasended its term at the last meeting and this message offers us an opportunity to publiclythank him for his excellent work and his seriousness in performing his tasks. ISSI and thescientific community owe him admiration for such an outstanding service synonymousof dedication and quality. The Committee has now elected Len Culhane as his successor

Cover of SR Volume 3

celebratingthe first ten

years of ISSI.

7

and we welcome him in that important role, wishing him the best of success. We alsothank Lev Zelenyi whose mandate has also terminated this year. The two outgoing mem-bers have now been succeeded by Rudolf Treumann and Oleg Korablev; we warmly wel-come both of them.

Our effort to improve the visibility of ISSI has been intense this year and was marked bythree actions: First and foremost, there was the Ten Years of ISSI volume mentionedabove. Second, ISSI was heavily involved in the organization of the upcoming Einsteincelebration, with Johannes Geiss and one of us (RvS) participating actively in the “ForumEinstein 2005“ preparing for the centenary of Einstein‘s annus mirabilis in Bern. Third,on the occasion of its 10th anniversary, ISSI has sponsored an award of the for an out-standing contribution to Space Science by a young scientist, selected by a committee ofthe Swiss Physical Society. The award was given to Martin Wieser from the University ofBern for his PhD thesis on Detection of Energetic Neutral Atoms and its Application toHeliospheric Science.

As far as the financial situation is concerned, stable funding agreements with ESA arevalid until March 2006, with the Swiss Space Office until 2007, the University of Bernuntil 2007 and with the Swiss National Science Foundation until 2007. Steps are beingtaken to initiate the renewal processes, beginning with ESA.

The staff situation is witnessing some changes. Ursula Pfander, Editorial Assistant since1998, has left us to complete her university degree. Our best wishes accompany her intoa bright future. She has been succeeded by Irmela Schweizer since 1 June 2005. One ofus (GP) will be leaving the Institute at the end of 2005 and the nomination of a succes-sor by the Board of Trustees is now being implemented. Oliver Botta, just a few monthsafter he was confirmed in his position as astrobiology specialist, has accepted an offerfor a permanent position at NASA GSFC, starting 1 August 2005. This loss offers a clearillustration of the brain drain process which is ongoing between Europe and the US. Hisreplacement will be considered once the new member of the directorate will be in place.At this time, let us thank all the ISSI staff, past and present, for their dedication to thework and the reputation of ISSI.

After ten years ISSI is by all accounts a spectacular success. A proof of that may be seenin the intention of Caltech and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the USA to set up a sim-ilar structure, as we learnt during a recent visit of their chief scientist enquiring how thiswas made possible. It is due also without doubt to all the people who have been work-ing for and at ISSI throughout these years, in the Board of Trustees, the ScienceCommittee, the Directorate, the ISSI scientists and staff, and – not the least – the scien-tific community that ISSI serves. Thanks to their concentrated effort ISSI has become aquality label that is very well known in the world.

Roger-Maurice Bonnet Rudolf von SteigerGötz Paschmann

8

The International Space Science Institute(ISSI) is a nonprofit organization set up inBern in 1995 as a foundation under Swisslaw with an endowment by ContravesSpace AG. Three statutory bodies governISSI: the Board of Trustees, the Direc-torate, and the Science Committee. Afourth important body, the associationPro-ISSI, promotes the idea of ISSI, espe-cially within Switzerland.

The European Space Agency (ESA), theSwiss Confederation, and the University ofBern provide the financial resources forISSI’s operation. Furthermore, the SwissNational Science Foundation contributesby a grant to its Directors to ISSI’s funding.ISSI received tax-exempt status from theCanton of Bern in May 1995.

Governing and Supporting Bodies

ISSI’s Board of Trustees oversees thework accomplished at the Institute, exertsfinancial control, and appoints theDirectors and members of the ScienceCommittee. It consists of representativesof the Swiss Confederation, the CantonBern, the Founder, Pro-ISSI, ESA, NASA,ISAS, IKI (Russia), and of the scientificcommunity. The Board of Trustees is pre-sided over by Hanspeter Schneiter, andmet twice during the tenth business year,on 2 October 2004 and 8 July 2005.

The Science Committee is made up ofabout 12 internationally known scientistsactive in the fields covered by ISSI. It advis-es and supports the Directorate in theestablishment of the scientific agendaproviding a proper equilibrium among the activities and reviews and grades the Team proposals in response to the annual call.Science Committee Members serve three-year terms, extendable to five years. Twomembers left the Committee at the end ofthe tenth year. The Chairman’s term alsoexpired on June 30. The Science Commit-tee met twice, on 28-29 October and 19-20 May 2005.

The Directorate is in charge of the scien-tific, operational and administrative man-agement of the Institute. During the tenthbusiness year it consisted of Roger-Maurice Bonnet (Executive Director), GötzPaschmann and Rudolf von Steiger.

The Association Pro-ISSI, founded inspring 1994, counts more than 100 mem-bers. Pro-ISSI promotes the idea of ISSI byorganising public lectures, where interna-tionally known space scientists introducetheir results. Summaries of these talks arepublished about twice a year in the jour-nal SPATIUM. Member benefits includeinvitation to lectures and a free subscrip-tion to SPATIUM.

A list of the board members of ISSI’s fourbodies at the end of June 2005 may befound on page 4.

About ISSI

The ISSI entrance at Hallerstrasse 6, in Bern.

9

Infrastructure

As in previous years ISSI is continuallymaintaining and updating its computingenvironment. This year’s new items in-clude mainly a Linux web server with thelatest security features, two Mac Power-Books with the latest Mac OSX, a state-of-the-art digital video camera, and a fewsmaller items. As a result the institute con-tinues to provide a heterogeneous work-station environment, which is part of theUniversity’s local area network, so that itsresources (e.g., the central Unix server,Linux cluster server, license server and spe-cial peripherals) are available as well. Withthe locally installed computers and periph-erals, the Institute’s guest scientists areable to perform most computing tasksand access the Internet with minimaldelay after their arrival. The network con-sists of the following:

- Three servers: Linux, Windows NT4, andSolaris- Sixteen PCs, five of which run both Linuxand Windows- Two Sun computers, which run Solaris 8- Five Mac computers, two of which runMac OS 9 and the rest run the latest MacOSX- Eleven laptops (eight PCs and three MacPowerBooks)- Eight printers, four of which in color- Four projectors (beamers)- Two wireless access points- One digital video camera, still camera,scanner, …

ISSI also regularly updates software pack-ages and provides access to the large sci-entific packages (such as IDL, Matlab, andMaple) either locally or by connecting tothe University’s servers.

For visitors and teams, several conferencerooms and guest offices are available.These are all equipped with network con-nections (partly wireless), some of themalso have printers and projectors for largescreen presentation.

For long term visitors, ISSI continues toprovide three furnished appartments.

Last but not least, the ISSI website isupdated continuously. Please feel free tovisit www.issi.unibe.ch.

An ISSI Team working in the auditorium on the third floor.

10

The ISSI staff at the end of the 10th business year on 20 July 2005 (from left to right): K.Fishbaugh, S. Wenger, O. Botta, R.-M. Bonnet, S. F. Saliba, I. Schweizer, G. Paschmann, Y.Calisesi, B. Fasler, A. Kilchenmann, and R. von Steiger. The four persons missing on the groupphotograph, J. Geiss, V. Manno, A. Fischer and R. Kallenbach, are shown on the left handside. Details can be found on page 4, in the section Who is who.

During the 10th business year, the ISSI staffhad to accommodate a total of 406 scien-tists, either as member of workshops,working groups or teams, as forum partic-ipants or as visiting scientists. The ISSI staffconsisted of 15 persons: three Directorsand one Honorary Director, five staff sci-entists, and six staff members. Some ofthe staff are working part-time.

Since July 2004, some changes in the per-sonnell took place:

In August 2004, Kathryn Fishbaugh, aPost-doc from the US, joined ISSI. She isworking with the geologic history ofMars.

Ursula Pfander, the former editorial assis-tant and librarian, left ISSI in September.She was replaced by Irmela Schweizer.

ISSI’s Personnel

The staff picture was taken by UrsLauterburg, Physikalisches Institut, Univer-sity of Berne.

11

Financial Overview

ISSI’s main sources of funding continue tobe the European Space Agency (ESA) andthe Swiss Confederation with large, recur-ring contributions as listed in the tableabove. Equally important are the contri-butions from the University of Bernthrough the employment of one memberof the directorate, and from the SwissNational Science Foundation through agrant to R. von Steiger as the principal ap-plicant. This grant was renewed last yearin the amount of 450’000 CHF for a peri-od of three years, of which almost pre-cisely one third was used during the firstyear. Moreover, important contributions“in kind” are received from the Universityof Bern such as internet connectivity,library access, etc., and from ContravesSpace AG, which provides the secretariatof the Board of Trustees and support ofthe Association Pro-ISSI. The income sidefurther benefited from an increase of theEuro conversion rate and of the interestrates.

In summary, ISSI ended the 10th businessyear with an overspending of just over40’000 CHF (see the overview tableabove). This is the first year in ISSI’s histo-ry which a negative result, but there is noreason to worry. The result is very close tothe budgeted deficit of 42’000 CHF, and

it is fully covered by corresponding posi-tive results from previous years.

It is worth mentioning that the bookkeep-ing for ISSI is done by an external compa-ny, Fiduria AG in Bern, and is audited byErnst & Young. Unlike in previous annualreports, which gave only preliminary esti-mates, the figures in the table above areprecise and have already been approvedby the auditors. We thank these two com-panies for their timely work and contin-ued support.

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About Pro-ISSI

In 1994, a handful scientists and industryrepresentatives jointly founded the Pro-ISSI, an association under Swiss law, witha twofold objective: Firstly to create anInstitute in Switzerland devoted to the fur-thering of space science in an internation-al context and secondly to convey the fas-cinating results of space research to thepublic in Switzerland. With the creation ofthe ISSI foundation the first objective wassuccessfully accomplished in 1995, whilethe second remains the core business ofthe Pro-ISSI association today.

The Pro-ISSI association

Currently, Pro-ISSI counts well over 100personalities from public authorities, uni-versities and industry as personal mem-bers. Furthermore, it is supported byindustrial enterprises and scientific insti-tutes. It is governed by a board compris-ing Swiss scientists and industry represen-tatives. The General Assembly is held inspring allowing the board to report on thepast activities and to present the plans forfuture programmes.

Pro ISSI works in close co-operation withISSI. In fact, it capitalizes on the scientificdealings at ISSI by inviting leading spacescientists twice a year to present anoverview on subjects dealt with in theframe of workshops at ISSI to its membersin a way that is easily digested by the Pro-ISSI audience. These lectures then are nor-

mally followed by a dedicated issue ofSpatium, the association’s journal, sum-marizing and elaborating on the topic ofthe previous presentation. Up to now,fourteen issues of Spatium have been pro-duced on such diverse topics like “Cosmicrays”, “Ten Years Hubble Space Tele-scope” or “Die ersten drei Minuten desUniversums”. In general, the issues arepublished in English, two issues latelycame in German being addressed primari-ly to the local public in Bern on the occa-sion of Einstein’s annus mirabilis and therespective festivities. All the issues ofSpatium are available on the web, pleaselook at www.issi.unibe.ch/pro-issi.

The SPATIUM Series

During ISSI’s tenth business year two fur-ther issues of SPATIUM appeared:

Number 13 was published in November2004 with the title „Woher kommenKohlenstoff, Eisen und Uran?”. This issuecovers the presentation by Rudolf vonSteiger to the Pro-ISSI audience on 6 April2004 dealing with the astrophysical pro-cesses that produce (and destroy) the che-mical elements.

The issue no. 14 is devoted to“Grundlagen der Physik im extrater-restrischen Test” and appeared in June2005, in honour of Albert Einstein and theendeavours of scientists to prove (orrefute) his theories on relativity by meansof space-borne experiments. This issuecovers the subject of a lecture by MartinC. E. Huber, President of the EuropeanPhysical Society, who reported about thefascinating space missions aimed at test-ing fundamental physics in space.

On 22 March 2005 Nicolas Thomas, Physi-kalisches Institut of the Universität Bern,presented the first results of the Huygensmission, which achieved a successful land-ing on the Saturnian moon Titan on 14January 2005. This will be the subject ofthe issue no. 15 of Spatium to appear inNovember 2005.

Pro ISSI’s new website: www.issi.unibe.ch/pro-issi

TheSPATIUMCD-ROMand the

Covers ofSPATIUM

nos. 13and 14.

13

Scientific Activities: The Tenth YearThe Programme and Tools

ISSI’s operation mode is fivefold: Multi-and interdisciplinary Workshops, WorkingGroups, International Teams, VisitingScientists, and the newly initiated Forumsare the working tools of ISSI.

Workshops represent the long-term acti-vity. The themes are decided by the Direc-tors in consultation with the Science Com-mittee. Proposals or suggestions forWorkshops may also originate from theoutside and addressed to the Directors.The programmes and speakers are de-fined by a group of highly qualified ex-perts serving as convenors. The Work-shops of a week duration (sometimesrepeated) are generally attended by up to45 invited scientists. ISSI Workshopsalways result in a volume of the Space Sci-ences Series of ISSI (SSSI) published bySpringer (formerly Kluwer AcademicPublishers) and in parallel in an issue ofSpace Science Reviews.

Working Groups have a smaller numberof members but generally undergo thesame selection procedure as Workshops.Working Groups operate largely in thesame manner as International Teams do(see below). The results of the groups’activities are either published as titles ofISSI Scientific Report Series (SR) under theresponsibility of ESA’s Publication Divisionor in the scientific literature.

International Teams form the flexibleshort-term component of the programme.They are proposed by a leader on behalfof a team of external scientists with afocus on specific scientific issues. Mem-bership is generally around ten to twelvescientists, who have twice one weekmeetings during a year. The results ofthese activities are customarily reported inscientific journals. The selection of Teamsresults from an annual Call for Inter-national Teams issued in January and fromthe subsequent review and prioritizationperformed by the Science Committee.

Pie chart showing the ISSI visitors’ origin countries. A totalof 406 international scientists worked during 392 person-weeks.

Individual Visitors are invited by theDirectors for periods of varying extent topursue research and perform scientifictasks of relevance to ISSI’s agenda.

Finally, a new tool has been introduced inthe course of the year: the Forum. It isunderstood as an informal and freedebate on open questions of political, sci-entific nature, by some fifteen high-levelparticipants, who meet for a couple ofdays at ISSI. Forums do not necessarilylead to formal recommendations or deci-sions.

During the tenth year of activity, the pro-gramme was significantly expanded:2 Workshops 2 Working Groups28 International Teams 2 Forums 12 Individual Visitors

The international participation among thedifferent categories of activity was distrib-uted as follows: 100 participants in Workshop andWorking groups 279 in International Teams28 in Forums12 as individual visitors. Together, they worked at ISSI during 392person-weeks.

62%

0% 4% 2% 3%

29%

ESA Member States and ESA USA and NASA

JAPAN RUSSIACENTRAL EUROPE DIV

ISSI visitors’ origin countries

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Workshops and Working Groups

Solar Variability and its Effects onthe Heliosphere and Earth

The first workshop in the 10th businessyear addressed the theme of SolarVariability and its Effects on the Helios-phere and Earth. Convenors for the work-shop were Madhulika Guhathakurta(NASA HQ), Hermann Opgenoorth (ESA/ESTEC), Gerhard Haerendel (InternationalUniversity Bremen), and the three direc-tors of ISSI. Its rationale and objective wasclosely linked to the ESA SOHO andCluster missions that form a single corner-stone. Yet they observe very differentregions in our solar system: the solaratmosphere on one hand and the Earth’smagnetosphere on the other. At the sametime the Ulysses mission provides observa-tions in the third dimension of the helios-phere, and many others add to the picturefrom the Lagrangian point L1 to the edgeof the heliosphere. It was the aim of thisworkshop, under the auspices of theInternational Living With a Star (ILWS) pro-gram, to tie these observations together. Itstarted out with an assessment anddescription of the reasons for solar dyna-mics and how it couples into the helios-phere. The three subsequent days werethen devoted to following one chain of

events from the Sun all the way to theEarth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere:The normal solar wind chain, the chainassociated with coronal mass ejections,and the solar energetic particles chain.The last day of the workshop was finallydevoted to common physical processesoccurring both at the Sun and in the mag-netosphere such as reconnection, shockacceleration, dipolarisation of magneticfield, and others. Some 38 participantsmet for an intense and stimulating week,about which one of them wrote us”Thank you once again for hosting a mostinteresting and productive workshop atISSI. I enjoyed this immensely. We lookforward to further cooperation on thismost important area of space science”.Since the ILWS theme is (and has alwaysbeen) a core competence of ISSI furtheractivities are quite certain to be initiated,in the form of Workshops, WorkingGroups, or International Teams. In themeantime the workshop volume is cur-rently being assembled and edited, withthe expectation to having it appear in thefirst half of 2006.

Calibration Techniques for In-SituPlasma Instruments

The Working Group on CalibrationTechniques for In-Situ Plasma Instrumentsmet for its second editorial meeting in July2004. Under the leadership of MartinWüest (Inficon, Balzers, Liechtenstein), thematerial that had been presented andassembled during the two Working Groupmeetings and the first editorial meetingwas laid out and reviewed. It was recog-nized that the intended convergence to afinal product could not be achieved atthat meeting. The planned volume in theISSI Scientific Report Series is intended tocover different types of in-situ plasma sen-sors, the calibration principles, the cur-rently available calibration facilities andcapabilities, the methods for absolute cal-ibration, in-flight calibration, and cross-calibration, the causes and effects ofinstrument degradation, as well as newtechniques to improve calibration. The

The emblem of the International Living with a Star (ILWS)program, see http://ilws.gsfc.nasa.gov. The ILWS programwas identified as one of the prioroty areas for ISSI activities,as the workshop reported here on Solar Dynamics and itsEffects on the Heliosphere and Earth testifies.

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essential chapters are written and havegrown to a sizeable collection, but stillquite some work is needed to assemblethem into a coherent volume. This workhas continued during the remainder of thebusiness year, again mainly by telephoneconferences, and significant progress hasbeen made. The project will now bebrought to closure over the next fewmonths.

Solar Variability and Planetary Cli-mates

Evaluation of the amplitude of the solarcontribution to global change is of crucialimportance for the detection and quantifi-cation of the anthropogenic influence onthe terrestrial climate. While the impact ofhuman activity on the Earth's climate isnowadays hardly questioned amongst thespecialists, the question of the relative in-fluence of anthopogenic versus naturalforcings remains more than ever a subjectof controversy. Six years ago, a first Work-shop organized by ISSI focused at the linkrelating climate change to solar variability.The advances obtained in this field in therecent years triggered the organization ofa renewed edition of this Workshop, fo-cusing this time at the Earth's middleatmosphere and filling the gap betweenupper atmosphere and biosphere re-sponse.

This new ISSI Workshop was convened byLennart Bengtsson (Max-Planck-Institutefor Meteorology, Germany), Jean-LoupBertaux (Service d'Aéronomie, CNRS,France), Marie-Lise Chanin (Serviced'Aéronomie, CNRS, France), Paul Cru-tzen (Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry,Germany), Einar-Arne Herland (ESA EarthScience Division, The Netherlands), JörgLangen (ESA Earth Science Division, TheNetherlands), Roger Maurice Bonnet (ISSI),and Yasmine Cali-sesi (ISSI). During thesecond week of June 2005, 55 partici-pants from 12 different countries assem-bled in Bern to take part in this event. Thevery dense and interdisciplinary pro-gramme included a complete overview of

the physical and chemical processes deter-mining or modulating the effect of solarvariability on planetary climate systems.More than 40 talks were held during 4 fulldays of plenary sessions, covering the top-ics of observations and reconstructions ofpresent and past total and spectral solarirradiance, solar modulation of galacticcosmic rays, long-term proxy-based cli-mate reconstructions, centenarian instru-mental climate records, models and obser-vations of the influence of solar variabilityon atmospheric circulation and chemistry,stratosphere-troposphere coupling, globaldimming, aerosol-cloud interaction, andclimate change on Mars, Venus and Titan.Each half-day session was followed by anintense and stimulating organized discus-sion amongst the workshop participants.The outcome of these common reflexions,augmented by a personal analysis, waspresented on the last afternoon of theworkshop by the sessions chairpersons.

The relationship between recent increases in global surfacetemperature and solar activity was a central issueaddressed by the ISSI Workshop on Solar Variability andPlanetary Climates. The above figure shows the total solarirradiance and terrestrial temperature vs. time. Blue curves:prior to 1985 irradiance reconstructions (solid curve: cycle-length based, dashed: cycle-amplitude based), from 1985onwards total irradiance measurements. Red curves: glob-al (solid) and northern hemisphere (dashed) temperatures.All curves have been smoothed by an 11-year runningmean. After the epoch marked by the vertical dotted line,the averaging period has been successively reduced. Figurecourtesy of Natalie Krivova, Max Planck Institute for SolarSystem Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany.(References: S.K. Solanki and N.A. Krivova, 2003, JGR,doi:10.1029/2002JA009753. N.A. Krivova and S.K. Solan-ki, 2004, Adv. Sp. Res., 34/2, 361-364.)

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The contents of the Workshop will besummarized in Volume 24 of the ISSISpace Science Series, which is currently inpreparation and will be edited by LesleyGray (Reading University, UK), JörgLangen (ESA Earth Science Division, TheNetherlands), Mike Lockwood (RutherfordAppleton Laboratory, UK), Roger MauriceBonnet (ISSI), and Yasmine Calisesi (ISSI).

Composition of Comets

A new Working Group on Composition ofComets was established under the leader-ship of Hans Balsiger (University of Bern).The task of this working group is to iden-tify and initiate investigation of hot scien-tific topics with data from Giotto andother spacecraft and from remote sens-ing, and thus prepare for coordinatedcomposition investigations and raise inter-est for and attractiveness of the field with-in the next generation. Although theRosetta mission is now finally on its way itwill still take 10 years before it will reachits target comet, Churyumov-Gerasimen-ko. By that time it will be 28 years sinceGiotto encountered comet Halley, andonly very few people will have witnessedboth encounters as active scientists. Thisworking group will act as a counter-meas-ure to the threatening loss of knowledgeacross this gap in time. Specifically, itsaims are to pass on knowledge on cometcomposition from Giotto and from remotesensing to the younger generation, toplan a common scientific approach withrespect to cometary composition, to dis-cuss common approaches with respect toinstrument calibration, and to reviewexisting, and initiate additional, laboratoryexperiments and modeling efforts relatingto the cometary atmosphere. Its productsshall be a list of hot scientific topics thatcan be addressed with existing composi-tion data, a comprehensive database of allelemental, isotopic, and molecular abun-dances and reaction rates measured sofar, and a list of recommendations for lab-oratory measurements on missing chemi-cal reaction rates, atomic or molecularexcitation rates, etc. The working Goup

consists of some 14 participants and willmeet several times over a period of 18months.

A Comparative Study of the OuterPlanets before the Exploration ofSaturn by Cassini-Huygens

The publication resultingfrom the workshop AComparative Study of theOuter Planets before theExploration of Saturn byCassini-Huygens, held atISSI in January 2004, hasbeen delivered on 30

November 2004 as volume 19 of theSpace Sciences Series of ISSI with the titleThe Outer Planets and their Moons.Editors of this volume are the convenorsof the workshop, T. Encrenaz (Observa-toire de Paris, Meudon, France), R. Kallen-bach (ISSI), T. Owen (University of Hawaii,Honolulu, USA), and C. Sotin (Universitéde Nantes, Nantes, France). The book hasbeen reprinted from the January 2005issue of Space Science Reviews. It shallserve as a reference book for the scientistsinvolved in the ongoing Cassini missionincluding the correlated observations withground-based and spaceborne instrumen-tation.

Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries:Cluster Results

Under this title, Volume20 of the Space ScienceSeries of ISSI is due toappear soon. The book,written by a total of 45authors and edited byGoetz Paschmann, SteveSchwartz, Philippe Escou-

bet and Stein Haaland, is the result of aseries of workshops and editorial meet-ings held between March 2003 and June2004. It represents a major step forwardin the understanding of the physics ofEarth's bow shock, magnetopause andtheir environs, which are exemplary mani-festations of the shocks and current

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Forthcoming Workshops and Working Groups

sheets and associated regions that exist inthe plasmas of our universe wheneverrapidly flowing magnetised plasmas col-lide, but have the unique advantage thatthey are accessible to in-situ measure-ments from Earth-orbiting spacecraft.Cluster, with its four spacecraft flying inclose formation, allows for the first timeto separate spatial from temporal varia-tions in the time-series data recorded bythe diagnostic instrument on board. Dataanalysis work performed at ISSI has con-tributed to the book, as outlined in theAnnual Report for 2003/2004. Of course,written only four years after Cluster'slaunch, the book can only be a snapshotof a field in motion, but should neverthe-less give an impression of the Clusterachievements and prospects. Cluster’smain impact is that it provides a magnify-ing glass for small scale phenomena andprocesses. Cluster will continue to providenew insights, particularly as a result of itsability to change the inter-spacecraft sep-aration distances. The figure to the rightshows that the separation distances rangebetween 100 km and 10,000km. Thereare also beneficial effects from a naturalchange in orbit characteristics that willprovide crossings of the outer magnetos-pheric boundaries at lower ecliptic lati-tudes.

Convenors Meetings

In the tenth business year, four convenorsgroups assembled at ISSI to plan the forth-coming workshops:

Mercury

A number of workshops and conferencesessions have been held in recent yearsthat were dedicated to Mercury. However,these have been somewhat limited in thatthere was a number of invited reviews notcovering the whole range of Mercury sci-ence, or there had been a general call forcontributed papers which often leads to anon-coherent ensemble. In anticipation oftwo upcoming missions to Mercury (one

of which forming an ESA cornerstone) ISSIhas decided to dedicate one of itsWorkshops in the next business year tothis topic, with the aim of bringing a newdimension to reviewing our knowledge ofMercury. The ISSI Workshop and the bookthat would be written as a result couldand should cover all aspects in a homoge-neous way. In addition, new aspects ofMercury studies could usefully beaddressed and emphasized, such as thewhole range of ground-based work (visi-ble, UV, IR radar neutron observations),modeling and laboratory-based investiga-tions, new work done on the Mariner 10data, thus pulling together what couldand should be coordinated in order to pre-pare the forthcoming space missions. TheWorkshop is convened by Leonid Ksan-fomality (IKI, Moscow), André Balogh

Separation distance strategy

Approximate separation distances in km, on a logarithmicscale, between the four Cluster spacecraft, as alreadyachieved since launch and as planned over the rest of themission. The green and red symbols refer to two distinctregions within Earth's magnetosphere, the magnetotailand the cusp, respectively. In the other regions the separa-tion distance will deviate from these values. The fact thattwo green symbols are shown for the time of the verticaldashed line is to indicate that the separation distancebetween spacecraft C3 and C4 can be rapidly changed overthe range 1000 to 10,000km, while the distances betweenC1, C2, and C3 remain fixed at 10,000 km. This allows thestudy of phenomena simultaneously at small and largescales.

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(Imperial College, London), and R. vonSteiger (ISSI), who are currently assem-bling a core group of key participants. Ifsuccessful, the workshop will be held inthe first half of 2006 with 35 invited par-ticipants forseen.

Geology and Habitability of Terres-trial Planets

The workshop is scheduled for the secondweek of September 2005. It will focus onthe relationship between a planet’s evolu-tion and the evolution of habitability onthat planet. The workshop will add a newdimension to the current focus of astrobi-ological studies by assessing not only theprobability that unicellular life ever did orstill does exist on Mars but also by focus-ing on the long-term habitability of anyterrestrial-like planet. Additionally, theworkshop is truly interdisciplinary in na-ture, intimately weaving geologic, atmos-pheric, geophysical, magnetospheric, andbiological planetary studies together. Tothis end, both a biologist and a geoscien-tist will serve as co-chairs for each session.52 scientists from many different fieldswill participate and give talks.

As the final outcome of the workshop willbe the publication of a volume in the ISSISpace Science Series, we have organized

the workshop sessions around the chap-ters of the book: 1) Definition of habitabil-ity: Fundamental requirements for life, 2)The link between crustal processes andhabitability, 3) Habitability during the Hea-vy Bombardment, 4) The link betweenvolatiles/atmospheres and habitability 5)The link between internal planetary evolu-tion and habitability, 6) Planetary/Sun In-teractions, and 7) Habitability in our SolarSystem beyond Mars. This book will serveas an extremely useful reference for up-coming international missions focused onthe search for life and biomarkers on Marsand other bodies and on the understand-ing of planetary evolution and habitability.

The convenors are Michael Carr (USGS,Menlo Park), Charles Cockell (OpenUniversity), Kathryn Fishbaugh (ISSI), RalfJaumann (DLR), Lynn Rothschild (NASAAmes), Tilman Spohn (DLR), and FrancesWestall (CNRS). The provisional editors ofthe ISSI Space Science Series Volume areKathryn Fishbaugh (ISSI), Philippe Logn-onne (IPGP, University of Paris VII), andFrancois Raulin (University of Paris).

Strategies for Life Detection

The convenors meeting for the Astrobio-logy workshop ‘Strategies for Life Detec-tion’ took place on April 14, 2005, at ISSI.The convenors are Jeffrey L. Bada, ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, UCSD, USA;Javier Gómez-Elvira, Centro de Astro-biología, Madrid, E; Emmanuelle Javaux,Université de Liège, B; Minik Rosing,Geological Museum, Copenhagen, DK;Franck Selsis, CRAL-ENS, Lyon, F; RogerSummons, MIT, Cambridge, USA, as wellas Roger Bonnet and Oliver Botta fromISSI.

The workshop will be held on April 24-28,2006. It was agreed that the program willbe divided into four main themes. Foreach theme there will be a dedicated ses-sion and the convenors will act as sessionchairs and discussion leaders and not begiving presentations. J. Bada will leadthrough the first session on Fundamentals

Planet Mercury as pictured from the only spacecraft to visitit, Mariner-10, back in 1974. Mercury is unique in manyways and still poses many enigmatic problems. It is now thetarget of NASA's Messenger mission launched in 2004,which will arrive there in 2011, and ESA's BepiColombomission, to be launched in 2012.

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of Life and Planetary Habitability. The sec-ond theme will be on Life Signatures &Detection Methodologies, divided intothree sub-sessions, which will be chairedby E. Javaux, O. Botta and M. Rosing,respectively. The third theme will focus onIn-situ Instrumentation to Search for Lifein the Solar System, chaired by J. Gómez-Elvira. Finally the session on Remote LifeDetection Strategies for Planets, lead by F.Selsis, will conclude the workshop. For thebook in the ISSI Space Science Series theconvenors will each write an introductorysection to their chapter, while all invitedspeakers will provide contributions ac-cording to their presentation at the work-shop.

The workshop will assemble some 34speakers, most of whome are confirmedat this time.

Fundamental Physics: ConfrontingTheory and Experiment in Space

This workshop, scheduled for May 2007,is intended to bring together representa-tives of several scientific communities tosummarize the results of those spaceexperiments that have contributed to ourunderstanding of the fundamental laws ofphysics. These results will be discussed inthe context of related astronomical obser-vations and laboratory measurements.Five major themes will be emphasised: 1)the most recent experimental tests ofEinstein’s theory of General Relativity, inparticular, the Lense-Thirring effect in theterrestrial gravity field as well as observa-tions of related phenomena in astrophysi-cal systems and in the Universe as awhole, 2) recent developments in the fieldof Cosmology, based on observational evi-dence for dark matter and dark energy, 3)ground-based and future space-bornemeasurements to test the validity limit ofthe equivalence principle as well as astro-nomical observations to constrain thetemporal variation of fundamental con-stants, 4) laboratory tests of quantumphysics and the state of the art in quan-tum gravity, and 5) studies of the uncer-

tainty limits of the precision experimentstesting General Relativity on ground andin space.

Five convenors have met at ISSI on 2-3March 2005 to draft the workshop pro-gramme: C. W. Francis Everitt, StanfordUniversity, Stanford, USA, Principal Inves-tigator of NASA’s Gravity Probe B; MartinC. E. Huber, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen,Switzerland, former president of the Euro-pean Physical Society; Rüdeger Reinhard,European Space Research and TechnologyCentre, Noordwijk, The Netherlands; Ger-hard Schäfer, Department of TheoreticalAstrophysics, University of Jena, Jena, Ger-many; and Reinald Kallenbach from ISSI.

Exactly hundred years after the annus mirabilis of AlbertEinstein in Bern, the Gravity Probe B spacecraft of theStanford University and NASA, launched in April 2004, sup-plies a further groundbreaking test of Einstein’s theory ofGeneral Relativity. Gravity Probe B verifies the Lense-Thirring precession (frame-dragging effect) of a gyroscopein the gravity field of a rotating body – the Earth.

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International Teams

Teams are composed of around twelve sci-entists of different nationalities, institutionsand areas of expertise who join together toaddress a common focussed scientific issue.Teams assemble for variable periods at ISSI,generally twice one week meetings separat-ed by four to six months. The scientific out-put leads to publications in scientific jour-nals. The organisation of the activity de-pends entirely on the specific goals andmembership of each team and is theresponsibility of the team leader who initiat-ed the proposal. ISSI nominates a scientificcontact point to each team.

Twenty eight International Teams met at ISSIduring the tenth year of activity. Thirteen ofthem resulted still from the Call for propos-als 2003, the other fifteen from the 2004selection.

Comet ModelingSessions: 11-13 Oct. 04 and 20-22 June 05Scientific rationale: To generate a versatilesuite of comet environment models for bothweak and active comets. The team will gen-erate a set of comet environment engineer-ing models for the new target of the Rosettamission. The environmental models will bevalidated (to the extent possible) withremote observations of the target cometand of other comets as well as with in-situobservations from previous comet missions.Team leader and members: Tamas Gombosi,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA,and 12 members from D, NL, S, CH, the UKand USA.

Plasma Turbulence and the Propa-gation of Charged Particles in theHeliosphereSession: 11-17 July 04Scientific rationale: To use novel and state-of-the-art methods to study the turbulenceof the interplanetary magnetic field and itsimplication on the propagation of energeticcharged particles. Magnetic field and parti-cle observations will be used.Team leader and members: Géza Erdös,KFKI, Budapest and 7 members from D, H,NZ, UK and USA.

Multi Wavelength Investigationsof X/-gamma Sources: Support ofINTEGRAL ObservationsSessions: 6-11 Dec. 04Scientific rationale: The aim of this project isto support multi-wavelength observationsof a sample of active sources and all brighttransients in our Galaxy in X-ray, optical andradio wavebands simultaneous with INTE-GRAL observations. It is expected to signifi-cantly enhance the scientific output of theINTEGRAL observations by using simultane-ous planned or TOO observations with othersatellites and ground-based observatories.Team leader and members: MikhailPavlinsky, IKI, Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow, Russia, and 10 members from D,KZ, RUS, TR, and CH.

Physics of Supernova Remnants inthe XMM-Newton, Chandra andINTEGRAL EraSession: 27 Sept.-2 Oct. 04 and 25-29 April05Scientific Rationale: This research projectfocuses on the observation and interpreta-tion of high-energy photon emission fromsupernova remnants (SNRs). The successfuloperations of XMM-Newton, Chandra, andINTEGRAL spacecraft, as well as previous X-ray and gamma-ray space telescopes, com-bined with ground-based radio and GeV-TeV gamma-ray observations, has made itpossible to dramatically extend our knowl-edge of SNRs and their interaction with theinterstellar medium (ISM).

Image of comet Hale-Bopp passing in front of the M34 starcluster on April, 7, 1997. Many of the stars in this opencluster can be seen through comet Hale-Bopp’s white dusttail. The bright blue ion tail shows several streams. (Photo:A. Dimai, R. Volcan, D. Ghirardo (Col Druscie Obs., ACC) ;NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day April 16, 1997)

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Team leader and members: Andrei M.Bykov, Institute of Physics & Technology,IOFFE, St. Petersburg, Russia, 17 membersfrom F, D, I, J, NL, RUS, CH, UK, and USA.

Role of Turbulence in Solar PhysicsSessions:10-12 Jan. 05Scientific rationale: To critically review thecurrent state of the global variability of theSun and Inner Heliosphere, in particular con-cerning turbulence and its relation withsolar variables and processes, with the pur-pose to suggest novel ways in making sub-stantial progress in the field. In this way newtheoretical and modelling efforts and space-observations will be initiated.Team leader and members: ArakelPetrosyan, IKI, Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow, Russia and 12 members from DK,F, D, H, I, E, CH, UK, USA.

Observable Features of Avalanch-ing SystemsSession:15-29 Aug. 04 and 23-30 Jan.05Scientific Rationale: The objective of theproposed research is to properly establishwhat physical variables (output) should bestudied in real physical systems (like magne-tosphere or earthquakes) in order to makefirm conclusions about presence or absenceof Self Organized Criticality and study therelation between the driving (input) andmicroprocesses in the avalanching systemsand the output. As a result of the hopefullysuccessful research we will have appropriatetools to distinguish SOC systems from non-SOC ones and will be able to concludeabout the microprocesses in avalanchingsystems from observations of some macro-scopic variables.Team leader and members: Michael Gedalin,Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion Univer-sity, Beer-Sheva, Israel, and 3 members fromD, and UK.

Coordinated Determination of thePhysical Hydrogen Parameters ofthe LIC from within the Helio-sphereSession: 4-8 Nov. 04Scientific rationale: After a precedent ISSIteam activity has led to the compilation of abenchmark set of physical parameters forinterstellar helium, this new team intends to

bring together a set of complementary datasets towards a coordinated analysis of inter-stellar hydrogen.Team leader and members: EberhardMöbius, University of New Hampshire,Durham, USA, and 14 members from F, D,CH, PL, RUS, and USA.

Local Late Galactic EvolutionSession: (on going late 2005)Scientific rationale: To study the galacticevolution as a function of time and galacto-centric distance of nucleosynthetically di-verse species to address questions such asthe birthplace of the Sun and inflow ofmaterial into the disc of our Galaxy. The evo-lution of the isotopes of hydrogen, helium,and neon near the solar ring of the Galaxy isinvestigated by comparing solar system datafrom various space missions with the dataon interstellar gas flowing through theheliosphere obtained by SWICS/Ulysses.Team leader and members: Monica Tosi,Osservatorio Astronomico Bologna, Italy,and Johannes Geiss, ISSI, and 3 membersfrom F, I, and USA.

Search for Radio Emissions fromExtra-solar PlanetsSession: 1-6 Nov. 04 and 4-7 July 05Scientific rationale: Similar to what has beenobserved from Jupiter, strong stellar windsand impulsive events on stars are believed tocause non-thermal radio emissions fromtheir planets in the 10 to 1000 MHz range.A study is proposed to estimate the radioemission characteristics of a suitable sub-setof known extrasolar planets, and develop astrategy to carry out observations with thegoal to detect one of them. The strategy willbe implemented with an observation run(s)mid-2004 at a yet to be determined low fre-quency array (funded separately, via othersources).Team leader and members: Daniel Winter-halter, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena,USA, and 10 members form BR, D, F, IND,and USA.

Life and Death of Star ClustersSessions: 8-12 Nov. 04 and 4-8 April 05Scientific rationale: We aim to obtaining asignificantly improved benchmark for stud-ies of early cluster evolution, using ourrecently developed sophisticated formatting

International Teams

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method that allows us to extract basic clus-ter parameters for large samples of star clus-ters individually (ages, masses, metallicities)from multi-passband broad-band imagingobservations. We will thus be able to con-firm the exciting prospect of whether we arein fact witnessing proto-globular cluster for-mation continuing until the present.Team leader and members: Richard de Grijs,University of Sheffield, UK, and 8 membersfrom UK, NL, and D.

Non Linear Plasma Waves-Solitons,Periodic Waves and Oscillitons inDiverse Space Plasma Environ-ments: Observations and TheorySession: 2-6 May 05Scientific rationale: The aim is to bringtogether experimenters and theorists to dis-cuss wave phenomena in a variety of spaceenvironments with a view to understandingthe important plasma physical processesunderlying recent observations. Emphasiswill be placed on nonlinear wave structures,solitons, nonlinear periodic waves and oscil-litons. Waveforms recently observed byspacecraft (e.g., FAST, Polar, Geotail andCluster) and the parallel development ofnew theories of nonlinear waves provide forthe fruitful exchange of information bet-ween both communities of researchers.Team leaders and members: Jim McKenzie,University of Natal, Durban, South Africa &Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie, Katlen-burg-Lindau, Germany, and Gary P. Zank,The Bartol Research Institute, University ofDelaware, USA and 18 members from B, D,F, S, and USA.

A Collaborative Effort to Study theProduction and Transport of 1-30keV Upstream IonsSession: 8-12 Nov. 04 and 2-7 May 05Scientific rationale: The study will be direct-ed towards understanding the particleacceleration occurring at the Earth’s bowshock as well as the wave growth processesthat take place upstream in the foreshockregion. The production of energetic ions aswell as their evolution in the foreshock is notfully understood so far. The intention is toexamine some the unresolved issues usingobservations primarily from the CLUSTERand WIND missions, as well as theoretical

International Teams

models of waveparticle interactions.Team leader and members: ChristianMazelle, CNRS, Toulouse, France, and 8members from CDN, D, F, UK, and USA.

EUV Solar Irradiance at High Helio-graphic LatitudesSession: 28-30 June 05Scientific rationale: The goal is to improvethe understanding of the neutral He densitymeasurements from Ulysses at higher helios-pheric latitudes, by using a line-of-sightdependent solar EUV flux and He photoion-ization rates. Changes in the GAS experi-ment measurements as Ulysses passes overthe solar poles are largely controlled by thechanging photoionization of neutral He,itself dependent on the varying EUV fluxwith time and spacecraft position. Using ourmore accurate solar inputs, the team willrelate the absolute values of the polar GASneutral He measurements to the pristineoriginal He density of the LISM originallyentering the heliosphere.Team leader and members: Frédéric Au-chère, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale,CNRS, Orsay, France, and 6 members fromD, F, and USA.

Formation, Structure and Evolutionof Giant PlanetsSession: 16-18 February 05Scientific rationale: The main goal is to pro-vide a consistent picture between formationscenarios, evolutionary models and con-straints available from observations of plan-etary systems including our solar system.The idea is to combine the observed proper-ties of known planetary systems obtainedfrom radial velocity surveys and transitobservations.Team leader and members: Isabelle Baraffe,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France,and 6 members from A, E, F, and CH.

Relationship Between Solar Mag-netism and IrradianceSessions: 11-16 Oct. 04 and 4-8-July 05Scientific rationale: Since understanding thedrivers of solar irradiance is a fundamentalto interpreting the paleoclimate modelswhich indicate climate change on the Earth,establishing the proper relation betweensolar magnetism and irradiance is one of the

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International Teams

highest priorities in solar research. The ISSIresearch team, composed of instrument sci-entists, data analysis experts, and solar the-orists, will produce a coherent description ofthe influence of the photospheric magneticfield on the solar irradiance, based on ourbest present knowledge. The experimentalwork will concentrate on solar cycle 23 data. Team leader and members: Vicente Domin-go, Universidad de Valencia, Spain, and 6members from E, I, CH, UK, D, and USA.

Stereoscopic Reconstruction ofCoronal and Interplanetary Struc-tures from the STEREO MissionSession: 13-15 April 05Scientific rationale: The twin Stereo satel-lites, which are scheduled for launch inFebruary 2006, will provide stereoscopicimages of the Sun and of the interplanetarymedium, thereby providing for the first timeaccess to their 3D structure. The main objec-tive of this proposal is to bring together spe-cialists from different domains (solar physicsand image processing) in order to stimulatethe coordinated development of techniquesfor Stereo. Team leader and members: Thierry Dudokde Wit, Université d’Orléans, France, and 11members from F, B, D, UK, GR, and USA.

Interaction of Large Meteoroidswith Atmosphere, Meteoroids Pro-pertiesSession: 21-30 Oct. 04 and 2-7 May 05Scientific rationale: Little is known aboutproperties of meteorites, meteoroids andtheir parent bodies, and if their propertiesare comparable. A new opportunity exists tolearn more about the mechanical, geophys-ical and petrologic of meteoroids that createbright observed fireballs as they enter theatmosphere. About 25 meter-sized bodiesenter Earth atmosphere every year and aredetected by satellites worldwide. With theproposed studies we intend to improve therelationship between meteoroid fragmenta-tion data, meteorite strewnfield data, andmeteoroid-atmosphere interaction model-ing.Team leader and members: Olga Popova,Institut for Dynamic Geospheres, Moscow,Russia, and 9 members from RUS, CH, USA,CND, CZ.

Physics of Dusty RingsSession: 20-24 June 05Scientific rationale: Dusty rings around allfour giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,and Neptune have been discovered byVoyager. In July of 2004 Cassini will start itsin-situ investigation of the Saturn ring sys-tem – a few years after Galileo performed itsdetailed study of the Jovian ring system.With the in depth investigation of two dustyring systems and their environments it istime to reflect commonalities and diversitiesin order to obtain a deeper understandingof this exciting widespread astrophysicalphenomenon. Team leader and members: Eberhard Grün,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidel-berg, Germany, and 22 members from D, F,I, H, J, and USA.

Titan, a Planetary Scale Laborato-ry: Preparing for Cassini/HuygensExplorationSessions:2-4 Nov. 04 and 17-20 May 05Scientific rationale: To address the presentstatus of models devoted to the gaseousenvelope of Titan, from the ground up tothe outer ambient plasma, to identify possi-ble synergies between these models and asfar as possible, to implement couplingsbetween these models in order to improvetheir predictions and increase the scientificreturn of the Cassini-Huygens mission: Team

Radio occultation observation conducted by the Cassini-Huygens mission, unraveling Saturn's Rings. Artificial color-ing has been used to represent information about ring par-ticle sizes in different regions based on the measuredeffects of the radio signals (NASA, JPL).

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leader and members: Gérard Chanteur,CETP-NCRS, Vélizy, France, and 18 membersfrom A, FIN, F, D, NL, and UK.

Solar Influence on ClimateSession: 19-21 April 06Scientific rationale: The contribution of theSun’s variations to recent climate changesuch as surface temperature increases andextreme weather events is still very uncer-tain. Satellite observations are important notonly for establishing the observationalrecord of 11-year and longer time-scale vari-ations in total solar irradiance but also,directly and indirectly through assimilateddatasets, in determining the climate res-ponse to these variations. The prime goalsof the project are to review and assess thecurrent knowledge and understanding of (a)the observational evidence for impacts ofsolar variations on our climate and weather,and (b) the mechanisms for transfer andamplification of the solar variation signal. Team leader and members: Leslie Gray,NCAS Centre for Global AtmosphericModelling, Reading, UK, and 6 membersfrom UK, D, CH, and USA.

Star Formation in the Taurus Mole-cular CloudSessions: 19-21 Jan. and 4-8 July 05Scientific rationale: We propose an in-depthstudy of star formation centering on ourrecently approved large survey project of thenearby Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC) starformation region, including in particular X-ray studies and accompanying optical andinfrared surveys. The TMC is the nearest(140 pc) star-forming region. It covers allcritical evolutionary stages relevant for theformation of stars, brown dwarfs, and plan-ets; it features isolated cloud cores, con-tracting envelopes, thick molecular disks,embedded protostars, brown dwarfs, manyT Tauri stars, well-studied molecular out-flows, optical/radio jets, and many binarysystems. The proposed team will accompanythe project from observing preparations todata acquisition, data reduction, spectralanalysis and to scientific interpretation.Team leader and members: Manuel Güdel,Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, CH, and 23members from CH, F, I, D, USA, and ESA.

Solar and Heliospheric Sources ofSuprathermal and Energetic Par-ticles Populations Throughout theSolar CycleSession: 6-16 April 05Scientific rationale: Solar-heliospheric parti-cle acceleration is intimately related toreconnection processes, as well as to shocksand turbulence on various scales. Smallsolar flares may play a major role in coronalheating and in giving rise to the solar wind,while large flares and CMEs have impact onspace dosimetry and may even influence lifeon geological time scales. An earlier ISSITeam Project (No. 2, in 1997) on quiet-timeprotons is now proposed to be extended toactive periods, to other species, to lowerenergies, and to heliospheric radial and lati-tudinal positions far from the Earth orbit.Particular emphasis will be given to solarflare and CME particles in the inner helios-phere. Attempts will also be made to betterunderstand the origin of solar-heliosphericparticle populations in terms of modernnon-equilibrium statistical mechanics andthermodynamics. Team leader and members: Peter Kiraly, KFKIResearch Institute, Budapest, and 11 mem-bers from H, D, E, USA, and RUS.

Comparative Cluster-Double StarMeasurements of Dayside Magne-tosphereSession: 30 Nov.-4 Dec. 04Scientific rationale: During 2004, theCluster orbit will preferentially sample theequatorward edge of the cusp region in thenorthern hemisphere and cross the adjacentmantle region in the southern hemisphere.The recent launch of the DOUBLE STAR (TC-1) spacecraft into an equatorial orbit thatsamples the subsolar region of the magne-topause provides a unique opportunity toinvestigate the cusp region with CLUSTER inconjunction with observations of otherprocesses operating on other regions of themagnetopause, specifically those at low lat-itudes with DOUBLE STAR. The aim of thisproposal is to focus on CLUSTER-DOUBLESTAR conjunctions. A particular aim of thisproposal is to track the evolution of recon-nection signatures, such as FTEs, from thelow latitude regions monitored by DOUBLESTAR through the cusp monitored by CLUS-

International Teams

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TER. This work will involve the many instru-ments onboard each spacecraft, availablevia the Co-I statuses of the team members. Team leader and members: Malcom Dunlop,Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton,UK, and 13 members from UK, USA, CN andESTEC.

Observations and Models of the SolarCycleSession: 14-18 March 05Scientific rationale: We endeavour a jointresearch project to evaluate the currentunderstanding of the solar activity cycle anddynamo processes in the relation to therecent advances in observations of the Sun’sinterior, surface magnetic field and coronafrom the SOHO space mission and ground-based observatories. The main goal is to for-mulate modeling and data analysis tasks,which will guide further development oftheoretical model and observational tech-niques. This project is essential for develop-ing the International Living with a Star pro-gram, and planning observing programs forfuture space missions.Team leader and members: AlexanderKosovichev, Stanford University, USA, and13 members from USA, DK, CH, D, andRUS.

Water Content of the Upper Mar-tian SurfaceSession: 18-20 Nov. 04 and 13-18 June 05Scientific rationale: The primary aim of thisISSI-supported cooperation is to advanceour understanding of water in the upperseveral meters of the Martian surface. Bycombining I. Water- and surface-related ob-servational results from Mars Odyssey, MarsGlobal Surveyor, MER investigations, MarsExpress, terrestrial analogue sites II. Resultsof laboratory experiments on hydra-tion/sorption-processes of Mars-relevantsoils, adsorption water-triggered photo-chemical processes, Influence of sorption/adsorption water on physical properties III.Numerical thermophysical modeling ofprocesses and properties, including observa-tional and laboratory based results todescribe diurnal-, seasonal-, and depth de-pendences of temperatures, structural pro-perties, water vapor density, sorption/adsorption- and bulk water, water ice, weplan to achieve a better understanding of

this complex system of soil and water in dif-ferent phases and its interactions with theatmosphere and the deeper subsurface. Team leader and members: Diedrich Möhl-mann, Institut für Planetenforschung,Berlin, Germany, and 11 members from D,F, USA, CH, and RUS.

Evolution of Habitable PlanetsSession: 14-16 Feb. 05Scientific rationale: The present knowledgeof the planetary population in our galaxyshows that giant planets do exist outsideour Solar System and indeed are fairly com-mon. A concentrated research effort for thedetection of Uranus-class and terrestrialplanets after 2006 with COROT (CNES),Kepler (NASA), SIM (NASA) and GAIA (ESA)is underway. Interdisciplinary studies con-cerning the evolution of habitable planets –the objective of this proposal - are urgentlyneeded in the preparation phase for Darwin(ESA) and TPF (NASA), which will search forbio-signatures in atmospheric spectra ofdetected terrestrial exoplanets. A betterunderstanding of planet formation process-es is needed to extrapolate from our knowl-edge of the Solar System and known exo-planets to other stellar types (M, K, G andF). Terrestrial planets orbiting mature starsshould be dynamically stable on undis-turbed orbits-, inside their habitable zone(HZ). To allow for the development of bios-

International Teams

The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the the aboveimage of a frozen patch of water ice. The ice pocket wasfound in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degreesnorth of the Martian equator. (G.Neukum (FU Berlin) et al.,Mars Express, DLR, ESA, Nature)

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pheres, it must be determined whether aplanet can keep its atmosphere and waterinventory inside the HZ long enough for lifeto evolve. Team leader and members: Helmut Lammer,IWF Graz, Austria, and 18 members from A,F, D, E, USA, ESTEC, and RUS.

Global Pattern of IonosphericEffects of the Large Scale InternalGravity Waves Caused by AuroralActivitySessions: 18-23 Oct. 04 and 21-31 March05Scientific rationale: The proposed project isaimed at building the global pattern of theionospheric effects of the largescale internalgravity waves (IGW) caused by auroral activ-ity, known as Travelling IonosphericDisturbances (TID). The combination of datafrom a network of ground based stations,topside sounder, in-situ measurements aswell as from coherent and incoherent scat-ter radar observations will be used. Themethod of TID determination from topsidesounding data developed at the Universityof Sussex will be tested on these data fromRussian and European experiments. IGWeffects were actively studied in IZMIRAN andan empirical model of the large-scale IGWeffects in the night ionosphere was built(Deminova et al., 1998). These detectedeffects together with the ground basedobservational results will allow the recon-struction of the global picture of the IGWeffects in both day- and night-time topsideionosphere during strong magnetosphericdisturbances (substorms and storms).Team leader and members: Mark Lester,University Leicester, UK, and 5 membersfrom UK, I, and RUS.

The Hot Flow Anomaly as a GenericParticle Energisation ProcessSession: 15-19 Nov. 04 and 9-13 May 05Scientific rationale: Hot Flow Anomalies(HFAs) are transient disturbances generatedby the interaction between a tangential dis-continuity and a collisionless shock. Theyhave commonly been observed at the terres-trial bow shock, and they are also seen toinject suprathermal particles far upstream ofthe shock. The presence of HFAs at a shock,therefore, can dramatically alter the produc-tion rate and spectrum of energetic parti-

cles. We propose an interdisciplinaryapproach to investigate whether the HFAprocess operates in environments other thanat planetary bow shocks, and then to con-sider whether HFAs, occurring for examplein the solar corona or interplanetary medi-um, might play a significant role in generat-ing a seed population of supra-thermal par-ticles which are then energised further byFermi acceleration. New data available fromCluster allow us to address these questions.We would then search for statistical evi-dence of HFAs occurring in the interplane-tary medium and in the solar corona, withthe aim of determining the influence HFAsmight have on particle acceleration in theheliosphere and beyond. Team leader and members: Elisabeth Lucek,Imperial College, London, UK, and 8 mem-bers from UK, F, D, and USA.

The Dynamic Heliosphere, VariableCosmic Environments, and TheirImprints in Earth’s ArchivesSession: 18-22 April 2005Scientific rationale: The cosmogenic iso-topes can be used as tracers of the cosmicray flux at Earth. Because cosmic rays arestrongly modulated during their propaga-tion through the heliosphere, the sophisti-cated cosmic ray transport model, devel-oped by the South African group, shall beused and combined with the hydrodynamicfive-fluid Bonn model of the large-scaleheliosphere to describe the state anddynamics of the heliosphere during the past.As input to these models the cosmic ray fluxrequired for the observed cosmogenic iso-tope production rate shall be used. Thismodel will be tested against the observa-tions from spacecraft (e.g. Ulysses), con-cerning the relevant heliospheric parame-ters, like solar wind states and high ener-getic particle fluxes. Based on this informa-tion the past galactic environment aroundthe solar system will be reconstructed withhelp of the cosmogenic archives.Team leader and members: Klaus Scherer,University of Bonn, Germany, and 12 mem-bers from D, CH, I, SA, IL, USA, and ARM.

International Teams

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International Teams

NNeewwllyy AApppprroovveedd FFuuttuurree TTeeaammss

The 19 Teams below have been selected for implementation among 44 applications in responseto the 2005 Call for International Teams.

Response of the Martian ionosphere/ ther-mosphere to the solar radiation, solarwind and crustal magnetic fieldsTeam leader and members: A. Krymskii (RUS),and 8 members (RUS, D, NZ,USA, UK)

Assimilation of Envisat data (ASSET):Analyses intercomparison projectTeam leader and members: W. Lahoz (UK), and18 members (UK, F, NL, B, D, I, N, S, USA)

On the use of wave field measurements totrace WPI in the plasmasphere and at themedium and low latitude ionosphereTeam leader and members: F. Lefeuvre (F), and11 members (F, DK, USA, UK, RUS )

The RHESSI mission: X-ray spectra andimage analysis by means of inversionmethodsTeam leader and members: A.M. Massone (I),and 7 members (I, UK,USA, NASA)

Transiant processes and localized struc-tures in the magnetotail: analysis, model-ing and theory Team leader and members: R. Nakamura (A),and 13 members (A, USA, UK, RUS, F, J)

Transiting extra-solar planetsTeam leader and members: F. Pont (CH), and12 members (CH, F, UK, E, D, ISR)

Observing the early Universe thanks toEinstein's general relativityTeam leader and members: D. Schaerer (CH),and 11 members (CH, F, USA, SISSA, D, UK)

Investigation of the Pioneer anomalyTeam leader and members: S.G. Turyshev(USA), and 11 members (USA, P, D, NL, F)

Impulsive solar energetic particles eventsTeam leader and members: M. Wiedenbeck(USA), and 10 members (NASA, CH, RUS, D,FIN, USA, UK)

Multiwavelength studies of the centre ofour galaxyTeam leader and members: A. Aharonian (D),and 12 members (D, F, UK, J, USA)

Ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling andinduction effects in a 3-d ionospheremodelTeam leader and members: O. Amm (FIN), and9 members (FIN, UK, S, J, D, USA)

The structure of the solar core: Search forg modesTeam leader and members: T. Appourchaux(F), and 14 members (F, N, UK, E, CH, USA, J)

The effect of ULF turbulence and flowchaotization on plasma energy and masstranfer at the magnetopauseTeam leader and members: G. Belmont (F),and 12 members (F, I, UK,D, RUS, CZ, S)

Preparation of the scientific exploitationof SWAP and LYRA by the SCSL TeamTeam leader and members: D. Berghmans (B),and 18 members (B, I, IRL, D, UK, F, CH, RUS,USA)

The stages of Sun-Earth connectionTeam leader and members: C. Cid (E), and 7members (E, F, B, D, Argentina)

Comet Modelling TeamTeam leader and members: T.I. Gombosi(USA), and 17 members (USA, CH, D, UK, S,ESA)

Titan's ground-ionosphere cavity afterHUYGENS. Atmospheric electricity andsurface Team leader and members: M. Hamelin (F),and 14 members (F, A, I, D, E, Estec)

Water in Mars atmosphere: Comparison ofrecent data setsTeam leader and members: O. Korablev (RUS),and 14 members (RUS, F, I, D, USA)

Subphotospheric dynamics of the SunTeam leader and members: A. Kosovichev(USA), and 17 members (USA; DK, D, NASA,E, J, CH)

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Individual scientists are invited for extend-ed periods to work on scientific subjects atthe forefront in areas of interest to ISSI.Their stay may include periods of jointactivity with other colleagues. The resultsof this research are to be published asbooks or in major scientific journals, withappropriate acknowledgement to ISSI.

The following forteen visiting scientistsworked at ISSI during the tenth businessyear.

Leonid Alperovich, Department ofGeophysics & Planetary Sciences, Tel AvivUniversity, Tel Aviv, Israel, 22 days.

André Balogh, Imperial College ofScience & Technology, London, UnitedKingdom, 18 days.

Isabelle Baraffe, Ecole Normale Supé-rieure, Lyon Cedex, France 75 days.

Didier Despois, Observatoire de Bor-deaux, Floirac, France, 5 days.

Evgeny Federov, Institute of the Physicsof the Earth, Russian Academy of SciencesInstitute of Physics of the Earth, Russia, 22days.

Visiting Scientists

Len Fisk, Department of Atmospheric,Oceanic and Space Sciences, College ofEngineering, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, USA, 13 days.

Bernd Heber, Fachbereich Physik,Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Ger-many, 43 days.

Bengt Hultqvist, Swedish Institute ofSpace Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 15 days.

Ken McCracken, IPST, University of Mary-land, College Park, USA, 30 days.

Eberhard Möbius, Institute for Study ofEarth, Oceans & Space (ESO), University ofNew Hampshire, Durham, USA, 32 days.

Marius Potgieter, School of Physics,North-West University, Potchefstroom,South Africa, 7 days.

Rudolf Treumann, Max Planck Institut,Garching, Germany, 9 days.

Daniel Winterhalter, Jet PropulsionLaboratory, Pasadena, USA, 9 days.

Furthermore, ISSI had again the pleasureto host Bengt Sonnerup (DartmouthCollege, Hanover, USA) and SteinHaaland (Max Planck Institut, Garching,Germany and University of Bergen,Bergen, Norway). In the context of theircooperation with Götz Paschmann, BengtSonnerup and Stein Haaland worked atISSI 20 days in 2005, without being fund-ed by ISSI.

Stein Haaland, visiting scientist from the Max PlanckInstitut, Garching, Germany, working in the new visitor’sroom on the first floor.

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Forums: Report

An ISSI-Forum is understood as an infor-mal and free debate on open questions bysome ten to fifteen high-level participants,who meet for a couple of days at ISSI.Forums do not necessarily lead to formalrecommendations or decisions. Duringthis business year, the organization of twoForums scheduled for next year was initi-ated.

Astrobiology

The goals of the first ISSI Forum werethreefold. The main goal was to consultscientists active in the field of Astrobiologyto find out whether there is a desire andneed in their community for ISSI to con-tribute to the advancement of this inter-disciplinary research discipline. In case of apositive evaluation, the Forum should ge-nerate a list of themes for future Astro-biology workshops at ISSI as well as con-firm the position of Dr. Oliver Botta as anAstrobiology Discipline Scientist.

The Forum on Astrobiology took place onNovember 9-10, 2004. The program wasdivided into four main themes that arecentral research focus points in Astrobio-logy: theme 1) From the ISM to the FirstStages of Protoplanetary Disk Formation,theme 2) Planetary Systems Formation;Search for Extrasolar Planets, theme 3)Recognition of Life, and theme 4) Under-standing the Physical and Chemical Con-ditions/Principles underlying the Origin ofLife. On the first day, each theme wasintroduced by a presentation by one ofthe 13 participants, followed by a discus-sion. Day 2 started with a lively open dis-cussion session, followed by the formula-tion of a short report of the Forum partic-ipants to the ISSI directorate. In this docu-ment the recommendation is made that“because of its interdisciplinary nature,the field of Astrobiology is a natural com-ponent of the mission of ISSI. […] TheForum therefore encourages ISSI to beinvolved in this activity by 1) organizingworkshops, 2) providing access to Inter-national Teams and 3) inviting and sup-porting Visiting Scientists.”

In addition, the Forum proposed fourthemes for future workshops related toAstrobiology (not prioritized here): 1) Stra-tegies for Life Detection, 2) From the Ha-dean to the Archean Earth: Implicationsfor Terrestrial Planets, 3) Extending theConcept of Habitable Zones, and 4) Titan(post-landing). Also, it was proposed thatone of the future Summer Schools held inAlpbach, Austria, should be dedicated toAstrobiology.

Overall, the first Forum ever to be held atISSI can be considered a big success, andthe format turned out to be adequate forthis type of meetings. Based on the out-come of this Forum, Astrobiology hasbeen established at ISSI as new discipline.

For how long the Earth will remain the only known planetwith life? What are the physical and chemical conditionsunderlying the Origin of life? Based on the outcome of thefirst ISSI Forum, Astrobiology has been established at ISSI asnew discipline. (“El Universo y la vida”, M.G. Salomone,Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC - INTA), p. 35)

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Forums: Report

public direct access to raw scientific resultson the Internet before proper scientificanalysis has been performed, making thepublic a direct actor in the scientific pro-cess, while ESA adopts a more prudentattitude. In addition, its mandate does notallow to fully master the process which isto a large extent in the hands of the Prin-cipal Investigators who are not funded byESA directly, at least in the mandatory sci-entific program. ESA is also affected byhaving to work in the different languagesof its member states, while NASA enjoysthe advantage of communicating in onelanguage.

This led to the wider question of whethermedia coverage of science is dominatedby the US. In Germany (67 per cent), Spain(85 per cent) and Sweden 71 per cent ofarticles describe US science, while in theUK, eight per cent of articles describe USscience and 77 per cent of articles de-scribe UK science. Much debate focusedon Beagle 2. Scientists were reluctant toconcede that it had been a great successin communication terms even if it failedscientifically and partly overshadowed thesuccess of Mars Express. The public’s inter-est in Mars through Beagle 2 has in effectgenerated a resurgent interest in plane-tary science in the UK and has increasedGovernment support for the European sci-ence program. It was also considered asworrying that only 25% of the scientistson both side of the Atlantic find it neces-sary to be somehow active in outreachand it was felt urgent that these ratios beexchanged.

The recommendations adopted by theForum are given in a short ISSI report.They suggest that education about themedia is seen as more relevant for scien-tists than education about science forjournalists. In particular improving thecommunication skills of space scientists isa priority. In spite of the adverse weatherconditions, all participants agreed that ini-tiatives like this Forum are useful andshould be continued in order to focusattention on this problem.

Space Science and the Media

The second ISSI forum held on March2005, examined the challenge of commu-nicating science and more explicitly spacescience to the public. This is a problem ofa general character which does not sparethe domain of space sciences, particularlyin Europe, where, in addition, the compar-ison often made with the US raises criti-cisms against not only the scientists andthe media but also the space agencies.For that very reason, ISSI felt the need toaddress the problem both in its generalityand its specificity as to what concernsspace sciences.

The Forum rested on the contribution ofthe best actors in the domains identifiedabove. For two days, some 31 journalistsand representatives of Europe’s space pro-gram explored the problems and dis-cussed the misunderstandings, and at-tempted to find solutions. The forum alsoconsidered the relationship between sci-ence and society and the role of sciencecommunication in the formulation of pol-icy on science-related issues. The topicswere introduced by selected scientists andjournalists, followed by discussions amongthe participants.

The workshop also compared the way ESAand NASA handle the release of raw data.NASA has adopted a policy of giving the

The public interest in Mars through Beagle 2 has generat-ed a resurgent interest in planetary science. (ESA, Artist’simpression

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Events, Seminars, and MediaSpecial Events

27 July - 5 August 2004Roger-Maurice Bonnet and JohannesGeiss attended the 28th annual AlpbachSummer School on ‘The Birth, Life andDeath of Stars’.

18 October 2004Association Pro ISSI lecture on ‘Grund-lagen der Physik im extraterrestrischenTest’, by Martin C.E. Huber, President ofthe European Physical Society EPS.

2 October 200420th meeting of the Board of Trustees.

28-29 October 200418th meeting of the Science Committee.

23 November 2004ISSI Scientific Seminar on ‘A cosmic rayphysicist’s experiences in the internationalmining industry’, held by Ken McCracken,University of Maryland, USA.

9 February 2005Roger-Maurice Bonnet was invited to Paristo participate in the ESA presentation ofthe Huygens landing to the French presi-dent Jacques Chirac.

1 March 2005Oliver Botta gave a lecture on ‘AufMeteoritensuche in der Antarktis’, at theMuseum Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland.

22 March 2005Association Pro ISSI lecture on ‘The FirstResults of the Huygens Mission’, byNicolas Thomas, Physikalisches Institut ofthe Universität Bern, Switzerland.

9 April 2005Johannes Geiss gave a talk at the openingof the exposition by Corey McCorkle,Kunsthalle Bern, Switzerland.

14 April 2005ISSI Scientific Seminar on ‘An overview ofJovian electrons during the distant UlyssesJupiter flyby’, held by Bernd Heber,University of Osnabrück, Germany.

19-20 May 200519th meeting of the Science Committee

June 2005On the occasion of its 10th anniversary, ISSIsponsored an award of the Swiss PhysicalSociety SPS for an outstanding contribu-tion to Space Science by a young scientist.R. von Steiger represented ISSI in the SPSaward committee. After intense delibara-tions in two meetings, the award wasgiven to M. Wieser (University of Bern) forhis PhD thesis on “Detection of energeticNeutral Atoms and its Appli-cation toHeliospheric Science”.

ISSI in the Media

19 June 2005Interview on ‘Der Physiker Johannes Geiss:Erfolgreich nach den Sternen gegriffen’with Johannes Geiss, in ‘Menschen undHorizonte’, Swiss Radio Station DRS 2.

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Bonnet, Roger-Maurice:

President of COSPAR.

Board of Trustees of the Association ofUniversity Inc. (USA) overseeing NRAO and theALMA projects.

Independant observer on the selection com-mittee for the Galileo concessionnaire.

Invited talk on ‘L'Avenir de l'Aventure Spa-tiale’, French Senat, Paris, France, 8 July 2004.

Invited talk on ‘The Future of Solar Physics’,COSPAR, Paris, France, 22 July 2004.

Participation as jury member, Alpbach SummerSchool, Austria, 3-6 August 2005.

Participation in the ESA-ASI International MarsConference, Ischia, Italy, 22-23 September2004.

Invited talk on ‘Space Science and Explo-ration’, 5th European Space Policy Workshop ,Louvain, Belgium, 30 September 2004.

Participation in the Round Table meeting‘Rencontres du Ciel et de l'Espace’, Paris,France, 12-13 November 2004.

Invited presentation on ‘P. Lemaire's Contri-bution to Solar UV Spectroscopy’, Orsay,France, 18 November 2004.

Invited lecture on ‘La Révolution Spatiale’,Nancy, France, 4 February 2005.

Invited lecture on ‘Space Prospects in Europe’,Space Exploration and Exploitation, Sir MartinRees organizer, Cambridge, UK, 8 April 2005.

Invited lecture on ‘La Gestion de l'Innovationdans les Grands Programmes d'ExplorationSpatiale’, Conservatoire National des Arts etMétiers, Paris, France, 5 April 2005.

Attendance to the ISDC, Science Committeemeeting, member, Versoix, Switzerland, 15April 2005.

Attendance to ESA's Exploration ProgrammeAdvisory Committee, member, Paris, France,12 May 2005.

Keynote lecture on ‘Space Science and HumanExploration’, 15th IAA Human in SpaceSymposium, Graz, Austria, 25 May 2005.

Invited talk on ‘L'Exploration Spatiale: De Marsà Titan’, Salon Européen de la Recherche et del'Innovation, Paris, France, 3 June 2005.

Botta, Oliver:

Poster presentation on ‘Astronomical Searchfor N-Heterocyclic Molecules Around AGBStars’ with D. Despois, Y.-J. Kuan, H.-C.Huang, N. Cox, Z. Kisiel, S. B. Charnley, and P.Ehrenfreund, at the Bioastronomy 2004:Habitable Worlds Conference, Reykjavik,Island, 11-16 July 2004.

Oral presentation at the ERASMUS Pro-gramme ‘Life in Space 2004’, Banyuls-sur-Mer,France, 13 September 2004.

Participation in the ESA workshop COSMICVISION 2015-2025, Paris, France, 15-16 Sep-tember 2004.

Participation (experiment ground supportteam) in the 44th ESA Microgravity FlightCampaign, Bordeaux, France, 20-29 October2004.

Poster presentation on ‘Synthesis of Mete-oritic Organic Compounds’, at the 4th Euro-pean Workshop on Exo/Astrobiology, MiltonKeynes, UK, 22-25 November 2004.

Poster presentation on ‘Technology Devel-opment for the Miller-Urey-Experiment inSpace’, with G. Kminek, Ch. Kropiunig, R.Schräpler, W. Plucinski, G. Lammer, R. Finster-busch, J. Blum, P. Ehrenfreund, at the GordonResearch Conference on the Origin of Life,Ventura, CA, USA, 16-21 January 2005.

Seminar presentation on ‘Organic Moleculesfrom Space’, at the Open University, MiltonKeynes, UK, 27 January 2005.

Participation in the Mars Exploration ProgramAnalysis Group (MEPAG) meeting, Arlington,VA, USA, 16-17 February 2005.

Seminar presentation on ‘Organic Chemistryin Space’ at NASA Goddard Space Flight Cen-

Staff Activities

Listed are activities in which ISSI staff scientists participat-ed between 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2005. This includesmeetings attended, presentations given, lectures held,honours received, and ongoing memberships in space sci-ence organisations maintained.

33

ter, Greenbelt, MD, USA, 18 February 2005.

Participation in the ESA Aurora ScienceWorkshop, Birmingham, UK, 6-7 April 2005.

Poster and oral presentation on ‘The MarsAstrobiology Probe (MAP) Instrument forExoMars’, with J. L. Bada, P. Ehrenfreund, R. A.Mathies, F. J. Grunthaner, R. Quinn, A. Zent,D. P. Glavin, F. Robert, M. A. Sephton, at theGeneral Assembly of the European Geosci-ences Union, Vienna, Austria, April 24-29,2005.

Member of the Ph.D. thesis committee ofRichard C. Quinn on ‘Experimental Character-ization and in-situ Measurement of ChemicalProcesses in the Martian Surface Environ-ment’, Leiden, The Netherlands, 18 May 2005.

Poster presentation on ‘The Amino AcidComposition of CM1 Carbonaceous Chon-drites’, with Z. Martins, J. Watson, M. A. Seph-ton, P. Ehrenfreund, and session chairman atthe 11th Triennial World Conference of theInternational Society for the Study of the Ori-gin of Life, Beijing, China, 19-24 June 2005.

Elected councilor of the European Astrobio-logy Network Association (EANA).

Calisesi, Yasmine:

Poster presentation on ‘Regridding of RemoteSounding Measurements and Application toGOME vs Microwave Ozone Profile Intercom-parisons’, with V. T. Soebijanta, ENVISAT & ERSSymposium, Salzburg, Austria, 6-10 Septem-ber 2004.

Seminar presentation on ‘Ground-basedMicrowave Remote Sounding of MiddleAtmospheric Ozone: Technique, Retrievals,and Data Analysis’, NERC Data AssimiliationResearch Centre, Department of Meteorology,University of Reading, United Kingdom, 16March 2005.

Poster presentation on ‘Daily to DecadalVariations in Stratospheric and MesosphericOzone as Observed over Europe by Ground-based NDSC Instruments’, with N. Kämpfer, S.Godin-Beekmann and W. Steinbrecht, Gene-ral Assembly of the European GeosciencesUnion, Vienna, Austria, 24-29 April 2005.

AS3.01 Poster session overview presentation,with D. Brunner, General Assembly of the

European Geosciences Union, Vienna, Austria,24-29 April 2005.

Chair of poster session AS3.01 on ‘Past andFuture Changes in Mid-Latitude Ozone’, withD. Brunner, General Assembly of the EuropeanGeosciences Union, Vienna, Austria, 24-29April 2005.

Participation in the NCCR Pit Stop Conference,Bern, Switzerland, 17 May 2005.

Fishbaugh, Kathryn:

Poster presentation on ‘Origin andCharacteristics of the Mars North Polar BasalUnit and Implications for Polar GeologicHistory’, with Jim Head, International MarsConference, Ischia, Italy, 19-23 September2004.

Talk on ‘Preliminary Analysis of THEMISInfrared Data asscoiated with the Mars NorthPolar Basal Unit’, Brown-Vernadsky Micro-symposium, Moscow, Russia, 12 October2004.

Poster presentation on ‘Characterization ofMartian North Polar Geologic Units usingMars Odyssey THEMIS Data’, 6th Lunar andPlanetary Science Conference, Houston, 15March 2005.

Talk on ‘Effect of Flow on the InternalStructure of the Martian North Polar LayeredDeposits’, with C. Hvidberg , 6th Lunar andPlanetary Science Conference, Houston, 18March 2005.

Visited 3 times at Niels Bohr Institute inCopenhagen for a collaborative project (1-5Nov. 2004, 7-11 Feb. 2005, 6-9 June 2005).

Invited seminar talks at the Niels Bohr Institutein Copenhagen, 8 November 2004 and 8 June2005.

Poster presentation on ‘Amazonian GeologicHistory of the Mars North Polar Region’, MarsII Workshop, Les Houches, France, 23 May - 1June 2005.

Received renewal of American-ScandinavianFoundation grant for research in Denmark.

Collaboration in a project with Francois Poulet(Institut Aeronautique et Spatial, Paris) and theMars Express OMEGA team concerning the

Staff Activities

34

composition of the materials in the Mars northpolar region.

Geiss, Johannes:

Lecture on ‘Isotopes as Monitors of Nucleo-synthesis and Galactic Evolution’, and SessionChair, 2004 Alpbach Summer School on ‘Birth,Life and Death of Stars’, Alpbach, Austria, 27July - 5 August 2004.

53th Ulysses Science Working Team Meeting,Vienna, Austria, 24-25 April 2005.

Alpbach Summer School Programme Com-mittee Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 25 Novem-ber 2004.

Member of the Forum Einstein 2005 Bern.

Lecture ‘Materie im Universum’ at the EinsteinKolloquium für Mittelschullehrkräfte, Univer-sität Bern, Switzerland, January 2005.

Kallenbach, Reinald:

Presentation on ‘Excitation of Ion WhistlerWaves upstream of an Interplanetary TravelingShock’, with K. Bamert, C.W. Smith, M. Hil-chenbach, and R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber,35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Paris,France, 18-25 July 2004.

Presentation on ‘Stochastic Acceleration ofSuprathermal Ions in Ion-acoustic Solar WindTurbulence, Analysis Techniques for Turbulentplasmas’, European network "Turbulence inSpace Plasmas, Theory, Observation and simu-lation", Copanello, Italy, 27 Sept. 2004.

Presentation on ‘An Extension of the Quasi-lin-ear Theory on Shock Acceleration to Low-energy Ions’, with K. Bamert, R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, and C.W. Smith, AmericanGeophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2004.

Invited presentation on ‘Observations ofTurbulence near Interplanetary TravellingShocks’, with K. Bamert, M. Hilchenbach, andC.W. Smith, 4th Annual IGPP InternationalAstrophysics Conference on the Physics ofCollisionless Shocks, Palm Springs, California,26 February - 3 March 2005.

Presentation on ‘Plasma Wave and Suprather-mal Ion Spectra during the October/Novem-ber 2003 Coronal Mass Ejection events,CELIAS/PLASTIC ‘, with K. Bamert, R.F. Wim-

mer-Schweingruber, M. Hilchenbach, andC.W. Smith, team meeting, Insel Reichenau,Germany, 14 March 2005.

Lecture series on ‘Turbulenztheorie und ihreAnwendungen in der Weltraumforschung(turbulence in planetary atmospheres, accre-tion disks, in the interstellar medium, in theGalaxy, and in the solar wind)’, University ofBern, Sommersemester 2005.

Solicited presentation on ‘Plasma Turbulencenear Heliospheric Shocks: Generation Pro-cesses and Interplay with Suprathermal Ions’,with V.V. Izmodenov, and K. Bamert, EuropeanGeosciences Union, EGU05-A-03976, ST13-1TU3O-001, General Assembly 2005, Vienna,Austria, 24-29 April 2005.

Presentation on ‘An Extension of the Quasi-lin-ear Theory on Shock Acceleration to Low-energy Ions’, with K. Bamert, R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, and C.W. Smith, Solar Wind11 / SOHO 16 Conference, Whistler, Canada,12-19 June 2005.

Presentation on ‘Self-consistent Adjustment ofthe Flux of Energetic Ions and their Injectionthreshold at Heliospheric Shocks’, M. Hilchen-bach, and K. Bamert, Solar Wind 11 / SOHO16 Conference, Whistler, Canada, 12-19 June2005.

Principal Investigator of the INTAS Team 2001-0270 ‘Physics of the Heliosheath Plasma Flowand Structure of the Termination Shock’.

Co-Investigator of the Charge, Element, andIsotope Analysis System on board the Solarand Heliospheric Observatory (ESA/NASA).

Member of the Advanced CompositionExplorer team (NASA), SWIMS and SWICSinstruments.

Member of the Scientific OrganizingCommittee of Session D1.3/E2.1 ‘EnergeticParticle Acceleration - The Injection Problem:Who Gets to Play?’, 35th COSPAR ScientificAssembly, 18 - 25 July 2004, in Paris, France.

Member of the International Advisory Com-mittee of the Rencontres de Blois, PlanetaryScience: Challenges and Discoveries, 21-27May 2006, Blois, France.

Staff Activities

35

Staff Activities

Kilchenmann, Anita:

Poster presentation on 'Doktorarbeit am ISSI',Besuchstag des Planungsstabs der Armee,Ittigen, Switzerland, 3 July 2004.

Poster presentation on 'The ICME Superevent2003: A view from Ulysses', with R. vonSteiger and T.H. Zurbuchen, 35th COSPARScientific Assembly, Paris, France, 18-25 July2004.

Participation in the 35th Saas-Fee AdvancedCourse of the Schweizerische Gesellschaft fürAstronomie und Astrophysik (SGAA) on Trans-Neptunian Objects and Comets', Mürren,Switzerland, 14-18 March 2005.

Paschmann, Götz:

Colloquium on ‘The Fourfold Way Through theMagnetosphere: Cluster Observations’, PhysicsDepartment, University of New Hampshire,Durham, USA, 27 September 2004.

Invited talk on ‘Magnetopause Structure andReconnection: Cluster Results’, IPELS Confer-ence, Tromsø, Norway, 5 July 2005.

Member of the Bepi-Colombo Payload ReviewCommittee.

Honorary Doctorate, University of Munich,Germany, 25 November 2004.

von Steiger, Rudolf:

Talk at the 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly,Paris, 18–25 July 2004, ‘Charge States andAbundances as Signatures of InterplanetaryCoronal Mass Ejections’.

Talk at the Fall Meeting of the AGU, SanFrancisco, 13–17 December 2004, ‘Compo-sition of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejectionsat Very High Latitudes’.

Presentation to the Astronomische Gesell-schaft Bern, 18 January 2005, ‘Wie Wasser-stoff zu Gold wird’.

Talk at the Solar Wind 11 – SOHO 16 confer-ence, Whistler, 6–10 June 2005, ‘LatitudeDistribution of Interplanetary Coronal MassEjections During Solar Maximum’.

Chair of COSPAR Scientific Commission D on‘Space Plasmas in the Solar System, IncludingPlanetary Magnetospheres’.

Member of the Editorial Committee of SpaceScience Reviews.

Full Member of the International Academy ofAstronautics (IAA).

36

Staff Publications

Listed are all papers written or co-authored by ISSI staffthat were submitted or that appeared between 1 July 2004and 30 June 2005.

Bonnet, R.M., Recherche spatiale: atout scien-tifique et industriel Européen sacrifié, Lesdossiers de l’Abécédaire Parlementaire, 23,17-21, 2005.

Bonnet, R.M., Sursis pour une star, Pour laScience, 333, 8-9, 2005.

Bonnet, R.M., ESA, un challenger à la pointede l’innovation, Business Digest, 153, 27-28,2005.

Bonnet, R.M., Foreword, The solar system andbeyond: ten years of ISSI, ISSI SR-003, editedby J. Geiss and B. Hultqvist, V, 2005.

Bonnet, R.M., and V. Landon, Forum Media-Science ISSI, 3-4 March 2005, ISSI InternalReport, 2005.

Botta, O., D. Despois, Y.-J. Kuan, H.-C. Huang,N. Cox, Z. Kisiel, S.B. Charnley, P. Ehrenfreund,Astronomical search for N-heterocyclic mole-cules around AGB stars, Astrobiology 4, 271,2004.

Botta, O., The chemistry of the origin of life,Astrobiology: Future Perspectives, edited by P.Ehrenfreund, 359-391, Springer Publishers,Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2004.

Botta, O., J.L. Bada, The Early Earth, in TheGenetic Code and the Origin of Life, edited byL. Ribas de Pouplana, 1-14, Landes BiosciencePublishers, Georgetown, TX, USA, 2004.

Bouhram, M, B. Klecker, G. Paschmann, S.Haaland, H. Hasegawa, A. Blagau, H. Rème,J.-A. Sauvaud, L.M. Kistler and A. Balogh:Survey of energetic O+ ions near the daysidemid-latitude magnetopause with Cluster, Ann.Geophys. 23, 1281–1294, 2005.

Calisesi, Y., V. T. Soebijanta, and R. van Oss,Regridding of remote sounding measure-ments: formulation and application to ozoneprofile comparison, submitted to J. Geophys.Res., 2005

Calisesi, Y., and V. T. Soebijanta, Regridding ofremote sounding measurements and applica-tion to ozone profile intercomparisons, Proc.ENVISAT & ERS symposium, Salzburg, Austria,2004, in press .

de Clercq, C., J.-C. Lambert, Y. Calisesi, H.Claude, R. Stubi, C. von Savigny, and theACVT-GBMCD Ozone Profile Team, Integrated

Allegrini, F., N.A. Schwadron, D.J. McComas,G. Gloeckler, and J. Geiss, Stability of the innersource pickup ions over the solar cycle, J. ofGeophys. Res. 110, A05105, doi:10. 1029/2004JA010847, 2005.

Auchère, F., J.W. Cook, J.S. Newmark, D.R.McMullin, R. von Steiger, and M. Witte, Modelof the all-sky He II 30.4 nm solar flux, Adv.Space Res., 35, 388–392, 2005.

Auchère, F., J. W. Cook, J.S. Newmark, D.R.McMullin, R. von Steiger, and M. Witte, Theheliospheric He II 30.4 nm solar flux duringcycle 23, ApJ, 625, 1036–1044, 2005.

Blanc, M., R. Kallenbach, and N.V. Erkaev,Solar system magnetospheres, Space Sci. Rev.116, 227-298, 2005.

Bochsler P. and R. von Steiger, Inferences forisotopic fractionation processes in the solarwind using the full solar cycle record of abun-dances from Ulysses: anticipating results fromthe Genesis mission, ESA SP-575, 372-377,2004.

Bogdanova, Y.V., B. Klecker, G. Paschmann,L.M. Kistler, G. Mouikis, et al., Investigation ofthe source region of ionospheric oxygen out-flow in the cleft/cusp using multi-spacecraftobservations by CIS onboard Cluster, Adv.Space Research, 34, 2459-2464, 2004.

Bonnet, R.M., The fate of Solar Observationfrom Space, Proc. IAU Symposium No. 223,edited by A.V. Stepanov, E.E. Benevolenskayaand A.G. Kosovichev, Cambridge UniversityPress, 311-320, 2004.

Bonnet, R.M., and A. Pauluhn, Progress andProspects in Solar Physics, Surveys of Geo-physics, GEOP 25, 371-440, 2004.

Bonnet, R.M., Cassini-Huygens in the Europe-an context, Proc. Titan – from discovery toEncounter, ESA SP-1278, 201-209, 2004.

Bonnet, R.M., Huygens sur Titan, dernière mis-sion spatiale européenne?, Le Monde, 22January 2005.

37

Staff Publications

characterisation of ENVISAT ozone profile datausing ground-based network data, Proc.ENVISAT & ERS symposium, Salzburg, Austria,2004, in press.

De Keyser, J., M. Roth, M.W. Dunlop, H. Rème,C.J. Owen and G. Paschmann: Empiricalreconstruction and long-duration tracking ofthe magnetospheric boundary in single- andmulti-spacecraft contexts. Ann. Geophys. 23,1355–1369, 2005.

Dumitru, M. C., N. Kämpfer, and Y. Calisesi,Comparison and validation studies related toground-based microwave observations ofozone in the stratosphere and mesosphere,submitted to J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 2004.

Ehrenfreund, P., S.B. Charnley, O. Botta, Fromdark clouds to the early Earth, Astrophysics ofLife, edited by Mario Livio, Neill Reid, WilliamSparks, 1–20, 2005, Space Telescope ScienceInstitute Symposium Series, Cam-bridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge, UK, 2005.

Encrenaz, T., R. Kallenbach, T.C. Owen, and C.Sotin, A comparative study of the outer plan-ets before the exploration of Saturn byCassini/Huygens: Introduction, Space Sci. Rev.116, 1-7, 2005.

Fishbaugh, K. and J. Head, Origin and charac-teristics of the Mars north polar basal unit andimplications for polar geologic history, Icarus,174( 2), 444-474, 2005.

Fishbaugh, K. and C. Hvidberg, Mars northpolar cap stratigraphy: Implications for flowand accumulation rates, submitted summer2005.

Gazis, P. R., A. Balogh, S. Dalla, R. Decker, B.Heber, T. Horbury, A. Kilchenmann, J. Kota, H.Kucharek, H. Kunow, D. Lario, M. S. Potgieter,J. D. Richardson, P. Riley, L. Rodriguez, G.Siscoe, and R. von Steiger, Interplanetary coro-nal mass ejections at high latitudes and in theouter heliosphere – Report of Working GroupH, in H. Kunow, N. Crooker, J. Linker, R.Schwenn, and R. von Steiger (eds.), CoronalMass Ejections, Space Sciences Series of ISSI,New York: Springer, and Space Sci. Rev., inpress, 2005.

Geiss, J. and G. Gloeckler, Evolution of Matterin the Universe, in The Solar system andBeyond - Ten Years of ISSI, J.Geiss and B.

Hultqvist (eds.), ISSI Scientific Report SR-003,53-68, 2005.

Glavin, D.P., A. Aubrey, J. P. Dworkin, O. Botta,J.L. Bada, Amino acids in the Antarctic Martianmeteorite MIL03346, Lunar and PlanetaryScience XXXVI, Abstract 1920, Lunar andPlanetary Institute, Houston (CD-ROM).

Gloeckler, G., E. Möbius, J. Geiss, M. Bzowski,S. Chalov, H. Fahr, D. R. McMullin, H. Noda,M. Oka, D. Rucinski, R. Skoug, T. Terasawa, R.von Steiger, A. Yamazaki, and T. Zurbuchen,Observations of the helium focusing cone withpickup ions, Astron. Astrophys., 426, 845-854, 2004.

Gloeckler, George, J. Geiss, and L.A., Fisk,Heating of pickup and solar wind ions atJupiter's bow shock, in Physics of the OuterHeliosphere, AIP Conf. Proc., 719, 8-13 Febru-ary, 2004, Riverside, California, edited byVladimir Florinski, Nikolai V. Pogorelov, andGary P. Zank, Melville, NY: American Instituteof Physics, 201-206, 2004.

Hartmann, W.K., D. Winterhalter and J. Geiss,Chronology and Physical Evolution of Mars, inThe Solar System and Beyond - Ten Years ofISSI, J. Geiss and B. Hultqvist (eds.), ISSIScientific Report SR-003, 211-228, 2005.

Hasegawa, H., B.U.Ö. Sonnerup, B. Klecker, G.Paschmann, M.W. Dunlop and Rème, H.:Optimal reconstruction of magnetopausestructures from Cluster data. Ann. Geophys.23, 973-982, 2005.

Joko, S., H. Nilsson, R. Lundin, B. Popielawska,H. Rème, M. Bavassano-Cattaneo, G. Pasch-mann, A. Korth, L. Kistler and G. Parks: Shell-like configuration in O+ ion velocity distribu-tion at high altitudes in the dayside magnetos-phere observed by Cluster/CIS. Ann.Geophys., 22, 2473-2483, 2004.

Kallenbach, R., M. Hilchenbach, S.V. Chalov,J.A. le Roux, and K. Bamert, On the injectionproblem at the solar wind termination shock,Astron. Astrophys., in press, 439,1-22, 2005,DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20052874.

Kallenbach, R., M. Hilchenbach, S.V. Chalov,and K. Bamert, On the origin of energetic neu-tral atoms detected by the SOHO/CELIAS/HSTOF sensor, Proc. 3rd Annual IGPPInternational Astrophysics on the Physics ofthe Outer Heliosphere, AIP Conf. Proc. 719,

38

Staff Publications

Florinski, V., N.V. Pogorelov, and G.P. Zank,229-236, 2004.

Kallenbach, R., K. Bamert, M. Hilchenbach,and C.W. Smith, Observations of turbulencenear interplanetary traveling shocks, Proc. 4th

Annual IGPP International Astrophysics Con-ference on the Physics of Collisionless Shocks,Li. G., G.P. Zank, and C.T. Russell (Eds.), AIPConf. Proc. 781, in press, 2005.

Kallenbach, R., M. Hilchenbach, and K.Bamert, Self-consistent adjustment of the fluxof energetic ions and their injection thresholdat the solar wind termination shock, submittedto the Proc. of the Solar Wind 11/SOHO 16Conf., 12-19 June 2005, Whistler, Canada.

Kallenbach, R., M. Hilchenbach, and K.Bamert, Excitation of ion cyclotron waves atinterplanetary travelling shocks: ACE/MAGand SOHO/CELIAS/HSTOF observations, sub-mitted to the Proc. of the Solar Wind11/SOHO 16 Conf., 12-19 June 2005,Whistler, Canada.

Kallenbach, R, K. Bamert, Wave activity nearinterplanetary traveling shocks: Excitation ofAlfvén and ion whistler waves, ACE/MAG andSOHO/CELIAS, ACE News 91, http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ACENews_Archives.html

Kallenbach, R., Solar wind and interplanetaryturbulence, submitted to the ISSI ScientificReport Series, The Heliospheric Boundaries: aTutorial.

Kuan, Y.-J., H.-C. Huang, H.M. Butner, D.Despois, O. Botta, Z. Kisiel, S.B. Charnley, P.Ehrenfreund, A.J. Markwick, Ring molecules:from interstellar clouds to protosolar disk,Astrobiology 4, 268, 2004.

Martins, Z., O. Botta, M.A. Sephton, P.Ehrenfreund, Purines and pyrimidines in car-bonaceous chondrites: A re-analysis, Meteorit.Planet. Sci. 39 Suppl., A 64, 2004.

Matsui H., V.K. Jordanova, J.M. Quinn, R.B.Torbert and G. Paschmann: Derivation of elec-tric potential patterns in the inner magnetos-phere from Cluster EDI data: Initial results. J.Geophys. Res., 109, A10202, doi:10.1029/2003JA010319, 2004.

McMullin, D.R., M. Bzowski, E. Möbius, A.Pauluhn, R. Skoug, W. T. Thompson, M. Witte,R. von Steiger, D. Rucinski, D. Judge, M.

Banaszkiewicz, and R. Lallement, Heliosphericconditions that affect the interstellar gas insidethe heliosphere, Astron. Astrophys., 426,885–895, 2004.

Meijer, Y.J., D.P. J. Swart, R. Koelemeijer, M.Allaart, S. Andersen, G. Bodeker, I. Boyd, G.Braathen, Y. Calisesi, H. Claude, V. Dorokhov,P. von der Gathen, M. Gil, S. Godin-Beek-mann, F. Goutail, G. Hansen, A. Karpetchko, P.Keckhut, H. Kelder, B. Kois, R. Koopman, J.-C.Lambert, T. Leblanc, I.S. McDermid, S. Pal, U.Raffalski, H. Schets, R. Stubi, T. Suortti, G.Visconti, M. Yela, Pole-to-pole validation ofENVISAT/GOMOS ozone profiles using datafrom ground-based and balloon-sonde meas-urements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23305,DOI: 10.1029/2004JD 004834, 2004

Möbius, E., M. Bzowski, S. Chalov, H.-J. Fahr,G. Gloeckler, V. Izmodenov, R. Kallenbach, R.Lallement, D. McMullin, H. Noda, M. Oka, A.Pauluhn, J. Raymond, D. Rucinski, R. Skoug, T.Terasawa, W. Thompson, J. Vallerga, R. vonSteiger, M. Witte, Synopsis of the interstellarHe parameters from combined neutral gas,pickup ion and UV scattering observations andrelated consequences, Astron. Astrophys.,426, 897-907, 2004.

Paschmann, G., S. Haaland, B.U.Ö. Sonnerup,H. Hasegawa, E. Georgescu, B. Klecker, T.D.Phan, H. Rème and A. Vaivads: Characteristicsof the near-tail dawn magnetopause andboundary Layer. Ann. Geophys. 23, 1481–1497, 2005.

Peeters, Z., O. Botta, S.B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel,Y.-J Kuan, P. Ehrenfreund, Formation and pho-tostability of N-heterocycles in space. I. Theeffect of nitrogen on the photostability ofsmall aromatic molecules, Astron. Astrophys.,433, 583-590, 2005.

Peeters, Z., O. Botta, R. Ruiterkamp, S.B.Charnley, Z. Kisiel, Y.-J. Kuan, P. Ehrenfreund,The photostability of nucleobases and theirprecursor molecules, Astrobiology 4, 285,2004.

Rodriguez, L., J. Woch, N. Krupp, M. Fränz, R.von Steiger, C. Cid, R. Forsyth, and K.-H.Glaßmeier, Bidirectional proton flows andcomparison of freezing-in temperatures inICMEs and magnetic clouds, in K. Dere, J.Wang, and Y. Yan (eds.), Coronal and StellarMass Ejections, IAU Symposium Proceedingsof the International Astronomical Union 226,

39

Zurbuchen, Interplanetary coronal mass ejec-tion signatures – Report of Working Group B,in H. Kunow, N. Crooker, J. Linker, R.Schwenn, and R. von Steiger (eds.), CoronalMass Ejections, Space Sciences Series of ISSI,New York: Springer, and Space Sci. Rev., inpress, 2005.

Zurbuchen, T.H., R. von Steiger, W.B.Manchester, and L.A. Fisk, Heliospheric mag-netic field configuration at solar maximumconditions: consequences for galactic cosmicrays, in V. Florinskii, N.V. Pogorelov, and G.P.Zank (eds.), Physics of the Outer Heliosphere,AIP Conf. Proc., 719, 70–80, 2004.

13-17 September, Beijing, Cambridge: Cam-bridge University Press, 420-427, 2005.

Schwadron, N. A., McComas, D.J., Elliott,H.A., Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J., and von Steiger,R., Solar wind from the coronal hole bound-aries, J. of Geophys. Res. 110, A04104, doi:10.1029/2004JA010896, 2005.

Steinbrecht, W., H. Claude, F. Schönenborn, I.S. McDermid, T. Leblanc, S. Godin, T. Song,D.P.J. Swart, Y.J. Meijer, G. Bodeker, N.Kämpfer, K. Hocke, Y. Calisesi, N. Schneider, J.de la Noe, A. D. Parrish, I.S. Boyd, C. Brühl, B.Steil, M.A. Giorgetta, and E. Manzini, Long-term evolution of upper stratospheric ozone atselected stations of the Network for theDetection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC),submitted to J. Geophys. Res., 2005.

Twitty, C., T.D. Phan, G. Paschmann, B.Lavraud, H. Rème, and M.Dunlop, Cluster sur-vey of cusp reconnection and its IMF depend-ence, Gephys. Res. Lett., 31, L19808, doi:10.1029/2004GL020646, 2004.

Vaivads, A., Y. Khotyaintsev, M. André, A.Retino, S.C. Buchert, B.N. Rogers, P. Decreau,G. Paschmann and T. Phan: Structure of themagnetic reconnection diffusion region fromfour-spacecraft observations. Physical ReviewLetters, 93, Issue 10, id. 105001, 2004.

von Steiger, R., and C. Fröhlich, The Sun, fromcore to corona and solar wind, in J. Geiss andB. Hultqvist (eds.), The Solar System andBeyond: Ten Years of ISSI, ISSI Scientific ReportSeries, SR-003, Noordwijk: ESA PublicationsDivision, 99–112, 2005.

von Steiger, R., and J.D. Richardson, Interplan-etary coronal mass ejections at high latitudesand in the outer heliosphere, in H. Kunow, N.Crooker, J. Linker, R. Schwenn, and R. vonSteiger (eds.), Coronal Mass Ejections, SpaceSciences Series of ISSI, New York: Springer,and Space Science Reviews, in press, 2005.

von Steiger, R., T.H. Zurbuchen, and A. Kil-chenmann, Latitude distribution of interplane-tary coronal mass ejections during solar maxi-mum, ESA SP, in press, 2005.

Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.F., N. Crooker, A.Balogh, V. Bothmer, R. J. Forsyth, P. Gazis, J. T.Gosling, T. Horbury, A. Kilchenmann, I. G.Richardson, J.D. Richardson, P. Riley, L.Rodriguez, R. von Steiger, P. Wurz, and T.H.

Staff Publications

40

Alexashov, D. and V. Izmodenov, Kinetic vsMulti-fluid models of the heliospheric inter-face: a comparison, Astron. Astrophys., 439,1171-1181, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20052821, 2005

Amm, O., E.F. Donovan, H. Frey, M. Lester, R.Nakamura, J.A. Wild, A. Aikio, M. Dunlop, K.Kauristie, A. Marchaudon, I.W. McCrea, H.J.Opgenoorth, and A. Strømme, Coordinatedstudies of the geospace environment usingCluster, satellite and ground-based data: aninterim review, Ann. Geophys., 23, 2129-2170, 2005.

Baumgartel, K., K. Sauer and E. Dubinin,Kinetic slow mode-type solitons, Nonl. Proc.Geophys., 12, 291, 2005.

Balogh, A. and V. Izmodenov, V., TheHeliosphere and Its Boundaries, in The SolarSystem and Beyond: Ten Years of ISSI (Eds. J.Geiss and B. Hultquist), accepted, 2005.

Beloff, N., P.F. Denisenko, O.A. Maltseva, M.P.Gough, S.I. Klimov, M.N. Nozdrachev, H.Alleyne, and I. Bates, Use of topside soundingwith IRI model to study the electron density inplasmasphere and ionosphere, Radio Sci., inpress, 2004.

Bocchino, F., E. van der Swaluw, R. Chevalier,R. Bandiera, The nature of the X-ray halo ofthe plerion G21.5-0.9 unveiled by XMM-Newton and Chandra, Astron. Astrophys., inpress, 2005.

Bykov, A.M., F. Bocchino, G.G. Pavlov, A HardExtended X-Ray Source in the IC 443 superno-va remnant resolved by Chandra: a fast ejectafragment or a new pulsar wind nebula?,Astrophys. J. Lett., 624, L41-L44, 2005.

Bykov, A.M., A.M. Krassilchtchikov, Yu.A.Uvarov, H. Bloemen, R.A. Chevalier, M.Yu.Gustov, W. Hermsen, F. Lebrun, T.A. Lozins-kaya, G. Rauw, T.V. Smirnova, S.J. Sturner, J.-P.Swings, R. Terrier, I.N. Toptygin, Hard X-rayemission clumps in the gamma-Cygni super-nova remnant: An INTEGRAL-ISGRI view,Astron. Astrophys. v. 427, L21-L24, 2004.

Caballero, R.A., H. Moraal, K.G. McCrackenand F.B. McDonald, The heliospheric magneticfield from 850 to 2000 AD inferred from 10Berecords, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A12102,, doi:10.1029/2004JA010633, 2004.

Chalov, S.V., Acceleration of interplanetarypick-up ions and anomalous cosmic rays, Adv.Space Res., 2005, accepted.

Chernyakova, M., P. Favre, T.J.-L. Courvoisier,A. Lutovinov, S. Molkov, V. Beckmann, A.Gros, N. Gehrels, N. Produit, R. Walter, A.Zdziarski, INTEGRAL and RXTE observations ofbroad-line radio galaxy 3C 111, Proc. of 5th

INTEGRAL Workshop: The INTEGRAL Universe(eds. V. Schönfelder... et al.), 2004, ESA SP-552, 563.

Chevalier, R.A., Young core collapse superno-va remnants and their supernovae, Astrophys.J. Lett., 619, 839-855, 2005.

de Grijs, R., P.Anders , H.J.G.L.M Lamers, N.Bastian, G. Parmentier, M.E. Sharina, S. Yi,Systematic uncertainties in the analysis of starcluster parameters based on broad-bandimaging observations, MNRAS, 359, 874,2005.

Dubinin, E., K. Sauer and J. F. McKenzie, Non-linear inertial and kinetic Alfven waves, J.Geophys. Res., 110, A10S04, doi:10.1029/2004JA010770, 2005.

Dubinin, E., K. Sauer and J.F. McKenzie,Differential ion streaming in the solar wind asan equilibrium state, J. Geophys. Res., 110,A07101, doi:10.1029/2004JA010826, 2005.

Eliasson, B. and P. Shukla, The dynamics ofelectron and ion holes in a collisionless plasma,Nonl. Proc. Geophys., 12, 269, 2005.

Ellison, D.C., A. Decourchelle, J. Ballet,Nonlinear particle acceleration at reverseshocks in supernova remnants, Astron.Astrophys., 429, 569-580, 2005.

Erdos, G. and A. Balogh, In-situ observation ofmagnetic field fluctuations, Adv. Space Res.,35, 625-635, 2005.

Feldstein, Y.I., A.E. Levitin, J.U. Kozyra, B.T.Tsurutani, A. Prigancova, L. Alperovich, W.D.Gonzalez, U. Mall, I.I. Alexeev, L.I. Gromova,and L.A. Dremukhina, Self-consistent model-ing of the large-scale distortions in the geo-

Visitor Publications

Listed are all papers written or co-authored by ISSI visitors,with some acknowledgement to ISSI, that appeared orwere accepted for publication between 1 July 2004 and 30June 2005.

41


magnetic field during the 24-27 September1998 major magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res.,in press, 2005, ( MN 2004JA010584RRR).

Filippova, E., A. Lutovinov, P. Shtykovsky, M.Revnivtsev, R. Burenin, V. Arefiev, M. Pavlinsky,R. Sunyaev, Broadband observations of tran-sient X-ray pulsar SAXJ2103.5+4545, Astron.Lett., 30, N 12, 2004.

Fujii, Z., F. McDonald, and H. Moraal, Cosmicray diffusion coefficients in the heliosphere atsolar maximum, Adv. Space Res., in press,2003.

Gangopadhyay, P., V.V. Izmodenov, D.E.Shemansky, M. Gruntman, and D.L. Judge,Reappraisal of the Pioneer 10 and Voyager 2Lya Intensity Measurements, Astrophys. J.,628, 514-519, 2005.

Gedalin, M., M. Bregman, M. Balikhin, D.Coca, G. Consolini, R. Treumann, Dynamics ofthe burning model, Nonl. Proc. Geophys., 12,717-723, 2005.

Gedalin, M., M. Bregman, M. Balikhin, D.Coca, G. Consolini, R. Treumann, Avalanchesin bi-directional sandpile and burning models:a comparative study, Nonl. Proc. Geophys., 12,733-739, 2005.

Gedalin, M., M. Balikhin, D. Coca, G. Conso-lini, R. Treumann, Kinetic description of ava-lanching systems, Phys. Rev. E, in press, 2005.

Grießmeier, J.-M., A. Stadelmann, U. Motsch-mann, N.K. Belisheva, H. Lammer, H.K.Biernat, Cosmic ray impact on extrasolarEarth-like planets in close-in habitable zones,Astrobiology, in press, 2005.

Grießmeier, J.-M., A. Stadelmann, H. Lammer,N.K. Belisheva, U. Motschmann, The impact ofgalactic cosmic rays on extrasolar Earth-likeplanets in close-in habitable zones, Proc. ofthe 39th ESLAB Symposium, Noordwijk, 19-21, April 2005 (eds. F. Favata and A. Gime-nez), ESA-SP, in press, 2005.

Gruntman, M., and V. Izmodenov, Mass trans-port in the heliosphere by energetic neutralatoms, J. Geophys. Res., 109, CiteID A12108 ,2005.

Hobara, Y., F. Lefeuvre, M. Parrot, and O.A.Molchanov, 2005, Low-latitude ionosphericturbulence observed by Aureol-3 satellite,

Ann. Geophys., 23, 1259-1270, 2005.

Huebner, W.F., D.C. Boice, and N.A. Schwa-dron, Sungrazing comets as solar probes, Adv.Space Res., in press, 2003.

Izmodenov, V., The heliospheric interface:models and observations, in The Sun and theHeliosphere as an Integrated System, 23-63,Series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library,Vol. 317, Poletto, Giannina; Suess, Steven T.(Eds.) 2004, E book, ISBN: 1-4020-2831-8

Izmodenov, V. and Yu. G. Malama, Kineticmodeling of the H atoms in the heliosphericinterface: solar cycle effects, Physics of theOuter Heliosphere, AIP Conf. Proc., 719, held8-13 February, 2004 in Riverside, California.Edited by V. Florinski, N.V. Pogorelov, and G.P.Zank. Melville, NY: American Institute ofPhysics, 2004, p.47-52.

Izmodenov, V., D. Alexashov, A. Myasnkov,Direction of the interstellar H atom inflow inthe heliosphere: role of the interstellar mag-netic field, Astron. Astrophys. 437, L35-L38(2005), DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:200500132

Izmodenov, V., Yu.G. Malama, M. Ruderman,Solar cycle influence on the interaction of thesolar wind with local interstellar cloud, Astron.Astrophys. 429, 1069-1080, 2005, doi:10.1051/004-6361:20041348

Katsuda, S., and H. Tsunemi, Spatially resolvedspectral analysis of Vela Shrapnel D, Publ.Astron. Soc. Japan, in press, 2005.

Kazeminejad, B., H. Lammer, A. Coustenis, O.Witasse, G. Fischer, K. Schwingenschuh, andA.J. Ball, Temperature variations in Titan’supper atmosphere: impact on Cassini/Huygens, Ann. Geophys., 23,1-7, 2005.

Klimov, S.I., M.N. Nozdrachev, N. Beloff, M.P.Gough, H.St.C.K. Alleyne, I. Bates, P.F.Denisenko, O.R. Grigoryan, V.A. Grushin, K.Kudela, and Yu. Lissakov, Substorm July 30,1999 correlated “ACE”, INTERBALL-1 andOrbital Station “MIR” measurements, Ann.Geophys., in press, 2003.

Khodachenko, M.L., J.-M. Gießmeier, I. Ribas,H. Lammer, F. Selsis, M. Leitner, T. Penz, A.Hanslmeier, H.K. Biernat, H.O. Rucker,Habitability of Earth-like exoplanets under theaction of host stars intensive CME activity, in:Proc. of the 39th ESLAB Symposium,

42


Noordwijk, 19-21, April 2005 (eds. F. Favataand A. Gimenez), ESA-SP, in press, 2005.

Korotova, G.I., D.G. Sibeck, H.J. Singer, andT.J. Rosenberg, Multipoint observations oftransient event motion through the iono-sphere and magnetosphere, J.-A. Savaud andZ. Némecék (eds) Multiscale processes in theEarth Magnetosphere, 205-215, Kluwer, 2004

Korotova, G.I., D.G. Sibeck, H.J. Singer, T.J.Rosenberg, and M.J. Engebretson, Interplane-tary magnetic field control of dayside transientevent occurrence and motion in the iono-sphere and magnetosphere, Ann. Geophys.,22, 4197-4202, 2004.

Kucharek, H., E. Möbius, M. Scholer, C.Mouikis, L.M. Kistler, T. Horbury, A. Balogh, H.Réme, and J.M. Bosqued, On the formationmechanism of field-aligned beams at thequasi-perpendicular bow shock: multi-space-craft observations by Cluster, Ann. Geophys.22: 2301-2308, 2004.

Lallement, R., The heliosphere and the localinterstellar medium, in Physics of the OuterHeliosphere, AIP Conf. Proc., in press, 2004.

Lallement, R., J. Raymond, J.-L. Bertaux, E.Quemarais, Y.-K. Ko, M. Uzzo, D. McMullin,and D. Rucinski, Solar cycle dependence of thehelium focusing cone from SOHO/UVCSobservations, Astron. Astrophys., 426, 867-874, 2004.

Lallement, R., J.C. Raymond, J. Vallerga, M.Lemoine, F. Dalaudier, and J.L. Bertaux,Modelling the interstellar-interplanetary heli-um 58.4 nm resonance glow: towards recon-ciliation with particle measurements, Astron.Astrophys., 426, 875-884, 2004.

Lammer, H., Yu.N. Kulikov, T. Penz, M. Leitner,N.K. Biernat, N.V. Erkaev, Stellar planetary rela-tions: Atmospheric stability as a prerequisitefor planetary habitability. Celestial Mechanicsand Dynamical Astronomy, 00: 1-13, 2005.

Lammer, H., E. Chassefière, Yu.N. Kulikov, F.Leblanc, H.I.M. Lichtenegger, J.-M. Grießmei-er, M. Khodachenko, D. Stam, C. Sotin, I. Ri-bas, F. Selsis, and 50 co-authors: Towards realcomparative planetology: Synergies betweensolar system science and the Darwin mission,in: Proc. of the 39th ESLAB Symposium, Noord-wijk, 19-21, April 2005 (eds. F. Favata and A.Gimenez), ESA-SP, in press, 2005.

Levitin, A.E., L. Dremukhina, L. Gromova, Y.Feldstein, Solar wind control of magnetos-pheric energetic during magnetic storms, Proc.of the 28th Annual Seminar "Physics of auroralphenomena", Apatity 1-4 March, 2005, KolaScience Center, Russia Academy of Science,ed. by N.V. Semenova and V.V. Shabalin, 2005.

Liperovskaya, E.V., M. Parrot, O.A. Pokhotelov,and M.A. Balikhin, Electromagnetic effects oflithosphere origin in the ionospheric F-layer,Annals of Geophysics, in press, 2003.

Liperovskaya E. V., O.A. Pokhotelov, Y. Hobara,M. Parrot, Variability of sporadic E layer semitransparency (foEs - fbEs) with magnitude anddistance from earthquake epicenters to verti-cal sounding stations, Natural Hazards EarthSystem Sci., 3, 279-284, 2003.

Lutovinov, A., S. Tsygankov, M. Revnivtsev, M.Chernyakova, I. Bikmaev, S. Molkov, R.Burenin, N. Sakhibullin, Variability of X-ray pul-sars in a hard energy band observed withINTEGRAL, Proc. of 5th INTEGRAL Workshop:The INTEGRAL Universe (eds. V. Schönfelder...et al.), 2004, ESA SP-552, 253.

Lutovinov, A., M. Revnivtsev, S. Molkov, R.Sunyaev, INTEGRAL observations of fivesources in the Galactic Center region, Astron.Astrophys. 430, 997-1003, 2005.

Malama, Yu.G., V.V. Izmodenov, and S.V.Chalov, Modeling of the heliospheric inter-face: multi-component nature of the helios-pheric plasma, Astron. Astrophys., in press,2005.

Mazelle, C., D. Winterhalter, K. Sauer, J.G.Trotignon, M.H. Acuña, K. Baumgärtel, C.Bertucci, D.A. Brain, S.J. Brecht, M. Delva, E.Dubinin, M. Øieroset, and J. Slavin, Bow shockand upstream phenomena at Mars, Space Sci.Rev., 111: 115-181, 2004.

Mazelle, C., K. Meziane, M. Wilber, and D. LeQuéau, Field-aligned and gyrating ion beamsin a planetary foreshock, American Institute ofPhysics Conf. Proc., 4th Annual IGPP Astro-physics International Conference on ThePhysics of Collisionless Shocks, Palm Springs,in press, 2005.

McCracken, K.G., F.B. McDonald, J. Beer. G.Raisbeck, and F. Yiou, A phenomenologicalstudy of the long-term cosmic ray modulation,850-1958 AD, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A12103,

43

doi: 10.1029//2004JA010685, 2004

McDonald, F., Z. Fujii, B. Heikkila, and N. Lal,The radial distribution of cosmic rays in theheliosphere at solar minimum and solar maxi-mum, Adv. Space Res., in press, 2003.

McKenzie, J.F. and T.B. Doyle, Trans-soniccusped shaped, periodic waves and solitarywaves of the electrostatic ion-cyclotron type,Nonl. Proc. Geophys., 11, 421, 2004.

McKenzie, J.F., E. Dubinin and K. Sauer,Relativistic whistler oscillations do they exist?Nonl. Proc. Geophys., 12, 425, 2005.

Mescheryakov, A. V., I.M. Khamitov, M.G.Revnivtsev, R.A. Burenin, M.R. Gilfanov, N.N.Pavlinsky, R.A. Sunyaev, Z. Aslan, E. Goguz,Optical and X-ray observations of thermonu-clear bursts from GS 1826-24 duringSeptember-October 2003 , Astron. Lett., 30,751, 2004.

Meziane, K., C. Mazelle, A review of field-aligned beams observed upstream of the bowshock, American Institute of Physics Conf.Proc., 4th Annual IGPP Astrophysics Inter-national Conference on The Physics of Colli-sionless Shocks, Palm Springs, in press, 2005.

Möbius, E., M. Bzowski, H.-J. Fahr, P. Frisch, P.Gangopadhyay, G. Gloeckler, V. Izmodenov, R.Lallement, H.-R. Müller, W. Pryor, J. Raymond,J. Richardson, K. Scherer, J. Slavin, M. Witte,Consolidation of the physical interstellar medi-um parameters and neutral gas filtration –Coordinated Effort at ISSI, Eds. T. Zurbuchenand Fleck, ESA Special Publication SP-592, inpress, 2005.

Möhlmann, D., Adsorption water in Marschemistry/biology, Astrobiology, 5, 5, in press,2005.

Onishchenko, O.G., O.A. Pokhotelov, L.Stenflo, R.Z. Sagdeev, and M.A. Balikhin,Suppression of the convective cell generationby the large-amplitude Alfven waves in theauroral cavity, Physics of Plasmas, 11, 4954-4958, 2004.

Pokhotelov, O.A., and M.A. Balikhin, Mirrorinstability in space plasmas: Finite ion Larmoreffects, Physica Scripta, 113, 15-19, 2004.

Pokhotelov, O.A., R.Z. Sagdeev, M.A. Balikhin,and R.A. Treumann, The mirror instability at

finite ion- Larmor radius wavelengths, J.Geophys. Res.,109, A09213,doi:10.1029/2004JA010568 , 2004.

Pokhotelov, O.A., O.G. Onishcheno, R.Z.Sagdeev, L. Stenflo, and M.A. Balikhin, InertialAlfven wave driven convective cells in low-density plasmas, Plasma Physics Reports, 31,10, 854-860, 2005.

Popova, O., W.K. Hartmann, I. Nemtchinov,and D. Richardson, Crater clusters on Mars:Shedding light on Martian meteorite launchconditions, Meteoritics Planet. Sci., in press,2004.

Prigancova, A., G.V. Starkov, V.G. Vorobjev, Y.I.Feldstein, L.I. Gromova, A.E. Levitin, Regionsof plasma precipitation from the magnetos-phere to the ionospheric altitudes and dynam-ics of their boundaries during a magneticstorm, 10th Scientific Assembly of the Inter-national Association of Geomagnetism andAeronomy, IAGA, Abstracts, CD-ROM, A-00287, 2005.

Revnivtsev, M., A. Lutovinov, V. Suleimanov, R.Sunyaev, V. Zheleznyakov, Broadband X-rayspectrum of intermediate polar V1223 Sgr,Astron. Astrophys., 2004, 426, 253.

Romano, D., C. Chiappini, F. Matteucci, M.Tosi, Quantifying the uncertainties on chemicalevolution studies: I. Stellar lifetimes and initialmass function, Astron. Astrophys. 430, 491,2005.

Sauer, K., M. Fränz, E. Dubinin, C. Mazelle, A.Korth, H. Rème, I. Dandouras, Upstream gyrat-ing ion events: Cluster observations and simu-lations, American Institute of Physics Conf.Proc., 4th Annual IGPP Astrophysics Inter-national Conference on The Physics ofCollisionless Shocks, Palm Springs, in press,2005.

Scherer, K., and S. Ferreira, A heliospherichybrid model: hydrodynamic plasma flow andkinetic cosmic ray transport. Astrophys. andSpace Sci. Transactions 1, 17-27. 2005.

Scherer, K., H.-J. Fahr, H. Fichtner, B. Heber,Long-term modulation of cosmic rays in theheliosphere and its influence at Earth, SolarPhysics 224, 305-316, 2004.

Segura, A., J.F. Kasting, V. Meadows, M.Cohen, J. Scalo, D. Crisp, R.A.H. Butler, G.


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Tinetti, Biosignatures from Earth-like planetsaround M dwarfs, Astrobiology, in press,2005.

Slane, P., D.J. Helfand, E. van der Swaluw, S.S.Murray, New constraints on the structure andevolution of the pulsar wind nebula 3C 58,Astrophys. J., 616, 403-413, 2004.

Stasiewicz, K., Reinterpretation of mirrormodes as trains of slow magnetosonic soli-tons, Geophys. Res. Lett, 31, L21804,doi:10.1029/2004GL021282, AGU 2004.

Stasiewicz, K., Theory and observations ofslow-mode solitons in space plasmas, Phys.Rev. Lett., 93(12), 125004, doi:10.1103/ Phys.Rev. Lett. 93.125004, APS 2004.

Surkov, V.V., O.A. Pokhotelov, M. Parrot, E.N.Fedorov, and M. Hayakawa, Excitation of theresonance cavity by neutral winds at middlelatitudes, Ann. Geophys. 22:2877-2889,2004.

Tosi, M., Chemical evolution models of LocalGroup galaxies, invited review at the STScIMay Symposium 2003 (Baltimore, USA),Cambridge University Press, in press, 2005.

Vallerga, J., R. Lallement, J. Raymond, M.Lemoine, B. Flynn, F. Dalaudier, and D.McMullin, EUVE observations of the heliumglow: interstellar and solar parameters,Astron. Astrophys., 426, 855-865, 2004.

van der Swaluw E., MHD Interaction of PulsarWind Nebulae with SNRs and the ISM, Adv.Space Res., in press, 2005.

Verheest, F., T. Cattaert, E. Dubinin, K. Sauerand J. F. McKenzie, Whistler oscillitons revisit-ed: the role of charge neutrality?, Nonl. Proc.Geophys., 11, 447, 2004.

Vink J., Gamma-ray observations of explosivenucleosynthesis products, Adv. Space Res., inpress, 2005.

Warren J.S., J.P. Hughes, C. Badenes, P. Gha-vamian, C.F. McKee, D. Moffett, P.P. Plucinsky,C. Rakowski, E. Reynoso, P. Slane, Cosmic rayacceleration at the forward shock in Tycho’ssupernova remnant: evidence from ChandraX-ray observations, Astrophys. J. Lett., inpress, 2005.

Witte, M., Kinetic parameters of interstellarneutral helium: review of results obtained dur-ing one solar cycle with Ulysses GAS, Astron.Astrophys., 426,835-844,2004.

Wood, B.E., H.-R. Mueller, G.P. Zank, V.V.Izmodenov, and J.L. Linsky, The heliosphericwall and astrospheres, Adv. Space Res., 2003.

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ISSI Volumes

These volumes may be ordered directly from Springer or for a substantially reduced price throughISSI. If you are interested in buying our books, please contact [email protected] information is provided on the websites www.issi.unibe.ch (go to ‘Publications’) orwww.springeronline.com. All prices are based on the information given on the Springer web-site.

Space Sciences Series of ISSI (SSSI): Published Volumes

Volume 1: The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar MediumR. von Steiger, R. Lallement, and M.A. Lee (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in November 1995, pub-lished in October 1996. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 78, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-4320-4, ISSI price Euro 122.60.

Volume 2: Transport Across the Boundaries of the MagnetosphereB. Hultqvist, and M. Øieroset (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September 1996, published in October1997. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 80, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-4788-9, ISSIprice Euro 125.

Volume 3: Cosmic Rays in the HeliosphereL.A. Fisk, J.R., Jokipii, G.M. Simnett, R. von Steiger, and K.-P. Wenzel (eds.), two ISSI-Workshopsheld in October 1996, March 1997 respectively, published in May 1998. Reprinted from SpaceScience Reviews, Volume 83, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-5069-3, ISSI price Euro 106.60.

Volume 4: Primordial Nuclei and Their Galactic EvolutionN. Prantzos, M. Tosi, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in May 1997, published inAugust 1998. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 84, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-5114-2, ISSI price Euro 101.80.

Volume 5: Solar Composition and its Evolution — From Core to CoronaC. Fröhlich, M.C.E. Huber, S.K. Solanki, and Rudolf von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held inJanuary 1998, published in December 1998. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 85,Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-5496-6, ISSI price Euro 129.40.

Volume 6: Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and LossesB. Hultqvist, M. Øieroset, G. Paschmann, and R. Treumann (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October1997, published in September 1999. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 88, Nos.1–2. ISBN 0-7923-5846-5, ISSI price Euro 143.80.

Volume 7: Corotating Interaction RegionsA. Balogh, J.T. Gosling, J.R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, and H. Kunow (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held inJune 1998, published in January 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 89, Nos.1–2. ISBN 0-7923-6080-X, ISSI price Euro 104.30.

Volume 8: Composition and Origin of Cometary MaterialsK. Altwegg, P. Ehrenfreund, J. Geiss, and W.F. Huebner (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September1998, published in January 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 90, Nos. 1–2.ISBN 0-7923-6154-7, ISSI price Euro 109.

Volume 9: From Dust to Terrestrial PlanetsW. Benz, R. Kallenbach, and G. Lugmair (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in February 1999, publishedin October 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 92, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-6467-8, ISSI price Euro 110.50.

Volume 10: Cosmic Rays and EarthJ.W. Bieber, E. Eroshenko, P. Evenson, E.O. Flückiger, and R. Kallenbach (eds.), ISSI-Workshop heldin March 1999, published in December 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 93,Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-6712-X, ISSI price Euro 108.80.

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Volume 11: Solar Variability and ClimateE. Friis-Christensen, C. Fröhlich, J.D. Haigh, M. Schüssler, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshopheld in June 1999, published in December 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume94, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-6741-3, ISSI price Euro 112.35.

Volume 12: Chronology and Evolution of MarsR. Kallenbach, J. Geiss and W.K. Hartmann (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in April 2000, published inSeptember 2001. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 96, Nos. 1–4. ISBN 0-7923-7051-1, ISSI price Euro 120.70. This volume is printed on demand only.

Volume 13: The Astrophysics of Galactic Cosmic RaysR. Diehl, E. Parizot, R. Kallenbach, and R. von Steiger (eds.), two ISSI-Workshops held in October1999, May 2000 respectively, published in February 2002. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews,Volume 99, Nos. 1–4. ISBN 1-4020-0107-X, ISSI price Euro 92.45.

Volume 14: Matter in the UniversePh. Jetzer, K. Pretzl, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March 2001, published inJune 2002. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 100, Nos. 1–4. ISBN 1-4020-0666-7,ISSI price Euro 77.70.

Volume 15: Auroral Plasma Physics G. Paschmann, S. Haaland, and R. Treumann (eds.), three ISSI-Workshops held in October 1999,March and December 2000, published in April 2003, 2nd edition in April 2005. Reprinted fromSpace Science Reviews, Volume 103, Nos. 1–4, 2002. ISBN 1-4020-0963-1, ISSI price Euro108.50.

Volume 16: Solar System History from Isotopic Signatures of Volatile ElementsR. Kallenbach, T. Encrenaz, J. Geiss, K. Mauersberger, T. Owen, and F. Robert (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in January 2002, published in July 2003. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews,Volume 106, Nos. 1–4, 2003. ISBN 1-4020-1177-6, ISSI price Euro 102.

Volume 17: Earth Gravity Field from Space — From Sensors to Earth SciencesG. Beutler, R. Rummel, M.R. Drinkwater, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March2002, published in November 2003. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 108, Nos. 1-2, 2003. ISBN 1-4020-1408-2, ISSI price Euro 95.

Volume 18: Mars’ Magnetism, and its Interaction with the Solar WindD. Winterhalter, M. Acuña, and A. Zakharov (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October 2001, pub-lished in June 2004. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 111, No. 1-2, 2004. ISBN 1-4020-2048-1, ISSI price Euro 69.70.

Volume 19: The Outer Planets and their MoonsT. Encrenaz, R. Kallenbach, T. Owen, and C. Sotin (eds.), ISSI Workshop held in January 2004,published in June 2005. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 116, No. 1-2, 2005. ISBN1-4020-3362-1, ISSI price Euro 65.40.

Volume 20: Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries: Cluster ResultsG. Paschmann, S. Schwartz, P. Escoubet, S. Haaland (eds.), two ISSI-Workshops held in March andNovember 2003, published in June 2005. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 118,No. 1-4, 2005. ISBN 1-4020-3488-1.

Details on the recently published Volumes 19 and 20 can be found on pages 49-50.

ISSI Volumes

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Space Sciences Series of ISSI (SSSI): Forthcoming Volumes

Volume 21: Planetary Systems and Planets in SystemsS. Udry, W. Benz, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September 2002, to be pub-lished in winter 2005.

Volume 22: Coronal Mass EjectionsH. Kunow, N. Crooker, J. Linker, R. Schwenn, and R. von Steiger (eds.), Proceedings of an ISSI-Workshop held in March 2004, to be published in spring 2006.

ISSI Scientific Report Series (SR): Published Volumes

Available from: The Bookshop, ESA Publications Division, PO Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, TheNetherlands, Fax: +31 71 565 5433, e-mail: [email protected]. Advanced payment by checkor creditcard is requested.

Volume 1: Analysis Methods for Multi-Spacecraft Data G. Paschmann, and P.W. Daly (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group, published in July 1998.Price Euro 40. This volume is out of print. An updated PDF version is available online atwww.issi.unibe.ch under ‘Publications’.

Volume 2: Radiometric Calibration of SOHOA. Pauluhn, M.C.E. Huber, and R. von Steiger (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group, publishedin August 2002. Price Euro 40.

Volume 3: The Solar System and Beyond - Ten Years of ISSIJ. Geiss and B. Hultqvist (eds.). Published in the occation of ISSI’s ten-year anniversary in June2005. Price Euro 30.

Details on the recently published Volume 3 can be found on page 51.

ISSI Scientific Report Series (SR): Forthcoming Volumes

Volume 4: Comet Nucleus-Coma Boundary Layer ModelW. Huebner (ed.), Results from an ISSI-Team, to be published in winter 2005.

Volume 5: Calibration Techniques for In-Situ Plasma InstrumentationM. Wüest, D. Evans, and R. von Steiger (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group, to be publishedin winter 2005.

ISSI Volumes

48

ISSI Volumes

Pro-ISSI SPATIUM Series

The SPATIUM volumes are available from ISSI (please [email protected]). Electronic editions in PDF format canbe downloaded at http://www.issi.unibe.ch.

No. 1: Die ersten Minuten und das weitere Schicksal des Universums, by Johannes Geiss, published in April 1998.

No. 2: Das neue Bild der Sonne (out of print), by Rudolf von Steiger,published in November 1998.

No. 3: Birth, Age and the Future of the Universe, by Gustav AndreasTammann, published in May 1999.

No. 4: Kometen als Schwerpunkt der europäischen Weltraum-forschung, by Kathrin Altwegg-von Burg, published in October1999.

No. 5: Earth, Moon and Mars, by Johannes Geiss, published in June2000.

No. 6: From Dust to Planets, by Willy Benz, published in October 2000.

No. 7: In Search of the Dark Matter in the Universe, by Klaus Pretzl,published in May 2001.

No. 8: Sun and Climate, by Jürg Beer, published in November 2001.

No. 9: The Fourfold Way Through the Magnetosphere: The ClusterMission, by Götz Paschmann, published in June 2002.

No. 10: Satellite Navigation Systems for Earth and Space SciencesBy Gerhard Beutler, published in June 2003.

No. 11: Cosmic Rays , by Hansjörg Schläpfer, published in November2003.

No 12: Ten Years Hubble Space Telescope, by Roger-Maurice Bonnet,published in June 2004.

No. 13: Woher kommen Kohlenstoff, Eisen und Uran?, by Rudolf vonSteiger, published in October 2004.

No. 14: Grundlagen der Physik im extraterrestrischen Test, by MartinHuber, published in June 2005.

Understanding Space is a seven-page brochure on ISSI, providing infor-mation on its role within the scientific communitiy and the main scientif-ic questions it adresses. Furthermore, ISSI’s organisation and operationmodes are explained.

The information brochure is available in print and online (please e-mailto [email protected] or visit the websitewww.issi.unibe.ch).

ISSI Information Brochure

49

ISSI Volumes: Published in the Tenth Year

Table of Contents

Introduction; T.Encrenaz, R.Kallenbach, T.C. Owen,and C. Sotin

Formation and Evolution of the Giant PlanetsFormation of the Outer Planets; J.J. LissauerFormation and Composition of Planetesimals - Trapping

by Clathration Volatiles; D. Gautier and F. HersantFormation of the Cores of the Outer Planets; S.J.

WeidenschillingStructure and Evolution of Giant Planets; I. BaraffeFormation of Giant Planets - An Attempt in Matching

Observational Constraints; Y. Alibert, C. Mordasini,O. Mousis, and W. Benz

Neutral Atmospheres of the Giant Planets andtheir SatellitesNeutral Atmospheres of the Giant Planets: An Overview

of Composition Measurements; T. EncrenazCoupled Clouds and Chemistry of the Giant Planets;

S.K. Atreya and A.-S. WongComparative Study of the Dynamics of the Outer

Planets; R. BeebePhotochemistry in Outer Solar Systems Atmospheres;

D.F. StrobelFormation and Evolution of Titans Atmosphere; A.

CoustenisAerosols on the Giant Planets and Titan; R. CourtinThe Changing Face of Titan’s Haze: Is it all Dynamics?;

M. Roos-SeroteIo’s Atmosphere and Surface-Atmospheres Interactions;

E. Lellouch

Aurorae and Magnetospheres Solar System Magnetospheres; M. Blanc, R. Kallen-

bach, and N.V. ErkaevThe Current Systems of the Jovian Magnetosphere and

Ionosphere and Predictionsfor Saturn; M.G.Kivelson

Giant Planet Ionospheres and Thermospheres: TheImportance of Ion-neutralCoupling; S. Miller, A.Aylward, and G. Millward

Energetic Particles in the Magnetosphere of Saturn anda Comparison with Jupiter; N. Krupp

Radio Wave Emission From the Outer Planets beforeCassini; P. Zarka and W.S. Kurth

Satellites and RingsGeology of the Icy Satellites; T.V. JohnsonTriton, Pluto, Centaurs, and Trans-Neptunian Bodies;

D.P. CruikshankIrregular Satellites in the Context of Planet Formation;

D. Jewitt and S. SheppardDynamics and Composition of Rings; B. SicardyExo-astrobiological Aspects of Europa and Titan: From

Observations to Speculations; F. Raulin

EpilogueList of Acronyms

The Outer Planets and their Moons Comparative Studies of the Outer Planets prior to the Exploration of theSaturn System by Cassini-Huygens

edited by

Térèse EncrenazLaboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et Instrumentales en Astrophysique,Observatoire de Paris, Meudon Cedex, France

Reinald KallenbachInternational Space Science IInstitute, Bern, Switzerland

Tobias C. OwenUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA

Christophe SotinLaboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Nantes Cedex, France

Volume resulting from an ISSI Workshop, published in June 2005, SpaceSciences Series of ISSI (SSSI), Volume 19, Dordrecht: Springer, hardbound,ISBN 1-4020-3362-1, 493 pp. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol.116, Nos. 1–2, 2005.

50


Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries: Cluster Results

edited by

Götz PaschmannInternational Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland, and Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany

Steve J. SchwartzImperial College, London, United Kingdom

Phillipe EscoubetResearch and Scientific Support Department, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk,Netherlands

Stein HaalandMax-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany

Volume resulting from an ISSI Workshop, published in June 2005, SpaceSciences Series of ISSI (SSSI), Volume 20. Dordrecht: Springer, hardbound,ISBN: 1-4020-3488-1, 445 pp. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol.118, Nos. 1-4, 2005

Table of Contents

Part I Solar Wind, Foreshock, Magnetosheath1. The Near-Earth Solar Wind 2. The Foreshock3. The Magnetosheath

Part II The Bow Shock4. Cluster at the Bow Shock5. Quasi-perpendicular Shock Structure and Processes 6. Quasi-parallel Shock Structure Processes 7. Cluster at the Bow Shock: Status and Outlook

Part III Magnetopause and Cusp8. Magnetopause and Boundary Layer9. Cluster at the Magnetospheric Cusp10.Magnetopause Processes

Book Description

When the stream of plasma emitted from the Sun (the solar wind) encounters Earth’s magnetic field, it slowsdown and flows around it, having behind a cavity, the magnetosphere. The magnetopause is the surface that sep-arates the solar wind on the outside from the Earth’s magnetic field on the inside. Because the solar wind movesat supersonic speed, a bow shock must form ahead of the magnetopause that acts to slow the solar wind to sub-sonic speeds. Magnetopause, bow shock and their environs are rich in exciting processes in collisionless plasmas,such as shock formation, magnetic reconnection, particle acceleration and wave-particle interactions. They areinteresting in their own right, as part of Earth’s environment, but also because they are prototypes of similar struc-tures and phenomena that are ubiquitous in the universe, having the unique advantage that they are accessibleto in situ measurements. The boundaries of the magnetosphere have been the target of direct in-situ measure-ments since the beginning of the space age. As they are constantly moving, changing their orientation, and under-going evolution, the interpretation of single-spacecraft measurements has been plagued by the fundamentalinability of a single observer to unambiguously distinguish spatial from temporal changes. The boundaries are thusa prime target for the study by a closely spaced fleet of spacecraft. Thus the Cluster mission, with its four space-craft in a threedimensional configuration at variable separation distances, represents a giant step forward. Thepresent 20th volume of the ISSI Space Science Series represents the first synthesis of the exciting new resultsobtained in the first few years of the Cluster mission.

51


The Solar System and Beyond Ten Years of ISSI

edited by

Johannes GeissInternational Space Science IInstitute, Bern, Switzerland

Bengt HultqvistSwedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden

Volume published in the occation of ISSI’s ten-year anniversary in June 2005,ISSI Scientific Report SR-003, Noordwijk: ESA Publications Division, hard-bound, ISSN 1608-280X, 256 pp.

Table of Contents

Foreword; R.-M. Bonnet

Part IIntroduction; J. Geiss and B. HultqvistThe Need for Interdisciplinarity; R. LallementThe Exploration of the Heliosphere in Three Dimensions with Ulysses - A Case Study in International Cooperation;L.A. FiskThe Astrophysical Relevance of Space Plasma Physics; R.A. Treumann and R.Z. SagdeevThe Role of Laboratory Experiments in Characterizing Cosmic Materials; L. Colangeli

Part IIEvolution of Matter in the Universe; J. Geiss and G. GloecklerCosmic Rays in the Galaxy and the Heliosphere; R.A. Mewaldt and G.M. MasonThe Long-Term Variability of the Cosmic Radiation Intensity at Earth as Recorded by the Cosmogenic Nuclides;K.G. McCracken, J.Beer and F.B. McDonaldThe Sun, from Core to Corona and Solar Wind; R. von Steiger and C. FröhlichSpace Plasma Physics; B. Hultqvist, G. Paschmann, D. Sibeck, T. Terasawa, R.A. Treumann and L. ZelenyiThe Heliosphere and Its Bounderies; A. Balogh and V. IzmodenovAcceleration in the Heliosphere; E. Möbius and R. KallenbachInterstellar and Pre-Solar Grains in the Galaxy and the Solar System; P. Frisch, E. Grün and P. HoppeComets and Their Interstellar Connections; W.F. Huebner and K. AltweggChronology and Physical Evolution of Planet Mars; W. Hartmann, D. Winterhalter and J. GeissThe Search for Extrasolar Planets; S. Zucker and M. Mayor

List of Authors

ISSI Volumes

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