annual facility costs

Benchmarks V Survey Committee MembersMatt Anderson, CFM, Millipore CorporationFrederick J. Berl, CFM, Los Alamos National LaboratoryDoug Burns, ICOS CorporationSheryl Callahan, CFM, DonTechRandy W. Dinnison, CFM, LexisNexisGeorge Gogola, CFM, CAE, College of American PathologistsMichael F. Guerin, PE, AIA, Guerin Associates Inc.Al Q. Kinisky, CFM, PMP, SAPM, Concur TechnologiesPhyllis Meng, CFM, IFMA Fellow, Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transit AuthoritySteven R. Pons, CFM, Perdue Farms Inc.John Davis Secor, CFM, AIA, Archetype InternationalJohn A. Sorich, CFM, Fluor CorporationRick Wilkerson, Philips Medical Systems

Associate Director of ResearchShari F. Epstein

© Copyright 2008 by International Facility Management Association.All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America

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ACREDITS

BENCHMARKS VRESEARCH REPORT #30

ANNUAL FACILITY COSTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1About This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Using This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Definitions for Benchmarks V Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5

SECTION 1: DESCRIPTION OF FACILITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

INDUSTRIES REPRESENTED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

FACILITY USE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Facility Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

LOCATION OF FACILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Facilities by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

FACILITY AGE AND SETTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Facility Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

OWNERSHIP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Overall Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Owned vs. Leased by Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Days and Hours of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

SECTION 2: SIZE OF FACILITIES AND SQUARE FOOTAGE PER OCCUPANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

BUILDING EXTERIOR GROSS AREA (GROSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Owned vs. Leased by Size of Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

FACILITY RENTABLE AREA (RENTABLE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Owned vs. Leased by Size of Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

GROSS AND RENTABLE BY INDUSTRY TYPE AND FACILITY USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18–19

SQUARE FOOTAGE PER OCCUPANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20–21

SECTION 3: COST OF OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

JANITORIAL COSTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24–25Janitorial Staffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

MAINTENANCE COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Maintenance Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27–28Roads and Grounds Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Facility Operating Current Replacement Value (CRV) Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

UTILITY COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30–31Utility Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 4: ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34–35

LIFE AND SAFETY COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

EMERGENCY AND DISASTER PLANNING COSTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

SECURITY COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38–39

SECTION 5: PROJECT AND SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

TYPES OF PROJECTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

PROJECT COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

SPACE PLANNING COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

FM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

EMPLOYEE AMENITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

EMPLOYEE AMENITIES COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

SECTION 6: FINANCIAL INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

LEASE TYPE AND COSTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

COST OF OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

COST OF PROVIDING THE FIXED ASSET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

OCCUPANCY COST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

TOTAL ANNUAL FACILITY COST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52–53

SECTION 7: PARTICIPANT LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

PARTICIPANT LIST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56–60

© 2008 IFMA BENCHMARKS V 1

ABOUT THIS REPORT

IFMA conducts a benchmarking survey of its members annually, and the results are eagerly anticipated byfacility managers. The objective of IFMA’s benchmarking surveys is to collect facility data that will easily allowcomparison of costs and practices. This year’s survey is more general in nature in that it gathers costs from allfacility areas including housekeeping, maintenance, utilities, security, environmental, project, support and spaceplanning. Respondents also are required to provide a description of the facility, including size, type, hours ofoperation, location, industry, leasing arrangements and number of occupants.

To create this year’s survey, a committee of IFMA members reviewed questions posed in 2004 Benchmarks IVand 2005 Operations and Maintenance surveys and developed new questions to better match today’s practices.The nine-page survey was mailed to IFMA professional members in the United States and e-mailed to Canadianprofessional members in June 2007. Although the surveys were issued to IFMA members, membership was notrequired to participate. In addition to the mail survey, members were sent multiple e-mail reminders which directedthem to a link to IFMA’s Web site where they could download a copy of the survey. More than 1,052 surveyswere returned by December 2007. After incomplete and duplicate surveys were removed, 1,032 surveysremained deemed usable for analysis.

Findings are discussed in the sections that follow. Statistically significant findings are integrated in the textof the report. Additional copies of this report may be ordered through IFMA’s bookstore. For those seekingdifferent sorts of information not presented in this report, one can order the database used to create thisreport. The database can be obtained in its entirety in Microsoft Excel by contacting IFMA’s research department.The cost of the database varies based upon survey participation and membership. Please see the back cover ofthis report to determine pricing.

ABOUT IFMA

IFMA is the largest and most widely recognized professional association for facility management, supportingmore than 19,000 members. The association’s members, represented in 125 chapters and 15 councilsworldwide, manage more than 37 billion square feet of property and annually purchase more than US$100billion in products and services. Formed in 1980, IFMA certifies facility managers, conducts research, provideseducational programs, recognizes facility management certificate programs and produces World Workplace,the world’s largest facility management conference and exposition. For more information, visit www.ifma.org.

ABOUT IFMA RESEARCH

IFMA conducts a variety of research programs that serve to strengthen the knowledge and skills of FMprofessionals while advancing the FM profession itself. From industry surveys to forecasting to best practiceforums, IFMA’s research department draws on the practices and opinions of FM professionals and educators,covering topics vital to the day–to–day operations of facility professionals and the built environment in general.Whether the focus is on industry averages, benchmarking statistics, or the latest on trends in the workplace,IFMA is an information leader for the FM profession.

Shari EpsteinAssociate Director of Research

INTRODUCTION

2 BENCHMARKS V © 2008 IFMA

METHODOLOGY

The Benchmarks V survey was developed in spring 2007. Committee members reviewed questions used inprevious benchmarking surveys. Many of the questions were deemed still useful while others were modifiedto better reflect current practices. In some cases, questions were expanded to capture additional cost categories.

The survey was then converted into both a paper survey and electronic document. Paper surveys were mailed tomore than 10,000 North American professional members in July 2007. A postage–paid envelope accompaniedthe paper survey. In the same month, IFMA’s electronic members received an e–mail directing them to IFMA’s Website where they could download the electronic survey. Members were encouraged to pass the survey to the mostappropriate person to complete. Respondents were asked to provide information on the facilities they manage fora 12–month period of time. Many chose to report the data for calendar year 2006. Approximately 1,052 surveyswere returned during a six–month time period. A total of 1,032 surveys were deemed usable for tabulationpurposes. A completion rate of 50 percent was considered usable. If a survey did not include facility type,space managed or number of occupants, the respondent was contacted to supply this pertinent data.

The data was analyzed using SPSS/PC+™ software. Extreme high and low values were omitted from dataanalysis to prevent the data from being skewed. Additional calculations were made to determine cost andutility consumption per square foot, and square footage per occupant. If data was out of range, the respondentwas contacted to determine how the information was derived. In many cases, new information was supplied andthe information was subsequently entered. Canadian cost data was converted to U.S. currency by multiplyingcosts by a factor of .99, the currency exchange rate on Dec. 3, 2007. All dollar amounts in this report arereported in U.S. currency with exception to Canadian regional data which is reported in Canadian dollar.

Procedures used for analysis include univariate procedures such as frequencies, cross tabulations, meancomparisons and descriptives. This report contains the results of those analysis deemed to be of most interestto facility managers. Benchmarks V Annual Facility Costs is a self–report survey. All data, including respondentidentification, was voluntary.

As with any research, readers should exercise caution when generalizing results and take individualcircumstances and experiences into consideration when making decisions based on these data. While IFMAis confident in its research, it is important to understand that the results presented in this report represent thesample of organizations that chose to supply the requested facility information.

The number of respondents (indicated by “N” in charts and tables) will vary because some respondents did notanswer all of the questions. A respondent may have opted out of a question because the question or some ofits parts were not applicable, or the respondent did not have the data available. This accounts for the varyingnumber of responses from one table or chart to another or within each table. Within some tables a blank or aline is inserted because there were not enough responses to generate a valid statistic.

A confidence level and margin of error give readers some measure of how much they can rely on surveyresponses to represent all IFMA member organizations. Given the level of response to this survey, IFMA is 95percent confident that responses given by all responding organizations can be generalized to all IFMA memberorganizations, in general with a margin of error of approximately +/– 4.0 percent. For example, 57 percent ofthe respondents reported that their facility provides a food service operation such as a cafeteria. With a 4 percentmargin of error for the sample size of 418, the reader can be 95 percent certain that between 53 percent and61 percent of member facilities operate food services at their facility. It is important to note that as the sample sizedecreases, which occurs in many of the tables, the margin of error increases. For example, a smaller sampleof 150 decreases the margin of error to +/– 8 percent.

INTRODUCTION


USING THIS REPORT

Benchmarking is not a perfect science. It is a detailed multi–step process which allows one to compare aspects ofperformance, identify gaps, seek out different approaches, follow through with implementation, monitor progressand review the benefits.

One of the most common mistakes people make when creating a benchmarking strategy is selecting anorganization within their own industry to benchmark against. This report will allow you to make this comparison,but we encourage you to also compare your facilities operations to other facility types, because these otherorganizations may share similar views of asset management.

Using this benchmarking data calls for some words of caution. The information contained in the report representsa “self–report” from IFMA members and others. All information was voluntarily provided but was not checked withsite visits. If a response appeared unusual or out–of–range, an e–mail was sent to verify information. Correctionsare made if necessary. When interpreting the data, it is important to remember that every facility is different, andevery organization operates using different accounting and measuring practices. The data listed in this report willnot provide a perfect comparison of your organization to that of another company, but it should give you a goodidea how your facility fits into the range of performance.

The percentile charts in this report allow you to see how your operation ranks against other organizations. Thearrows beside some charts show the “best–in–class” direction. Using your facility’s numbers for the performanceindicator, determine whether your building is above or below the median (50th percentile). If your facility fallsway above or below the median, you may want to examine your cost or procedures on that area. However, yourfacility may differ from the median due to your type of facility, region or labor market. The data should help youidentify areas where you can improve your facility operation.

“Best–in–class” for facility operations is a difficult concept. For example, allocating the least amount of space perperson may be “best–in–class” in terms of the efficient use of space, but it may have a detrimental effect onemployee morale and productivity. Research done by BOSTI Associates suggests that workspace size, by itself,does not affect job performance or satisfaction, but the loss of size in individual workspace due to relocation orredesign affects job satisfaction and retention. Working toward the lowest percentile in square feet per personcan be counter–productive; however, some companies believe this should be the standard, when it is not. For thisreason, we have designated a direction on some of the percentile charts to indicate “best–in–class,” but we havenot defined a specific level of performance as “best–in–class.”

Using this report is the first step in benchmarking. After you have identified areas where your facility operationscould be improved, you should conduct additional research before reengineering the process. One should notimmediately rush to find out which company is “best in class” and copy their practice. Instead you should look fora more homogeneous group in which to compare. Participating in a local IFMA chapter or council benchmarkingstudy is a good way to explore how to improve your facility operations. IFMA’s research department can assistinterested organizations to form benchmarking consortiums. In addition, IFMA has the capability to conduct moredetailed, smaller–scaled benchmarking studies.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This report would not exist without the facility data supplied by the hundreds of respondents who chose to take thetime to participate. Because this survey covers such a large breadth of functional areas, respondents often split thesurvey among different departments as well as comb through several CAFM, CMMS or CAD databases to provideaccurate responses. Many respondents supplied data from multiple facilities which further increased their heavywork load. We appreciate their high level of commitment to IFMA and the facility management profession bytaking the time to complete this survey.

IFMA relies on a group of subject matter experts who represent a variety of industries and manage different typesof facilities to create this survey. They meet via teleconference over a period of weeks to craft and revise thequestions used in this survey and later pretest the questionnaire. Their names are acknowledged on the insidecover of the report. Shari Epstein, IFMA’s associate director of research, conducted the survey, validated andanalyzed the data, created the tables and graphs and wrote the report.

INTRODUCTION


AverageAlso referred to as the mean – the sum or total of all responses divided by the number of respondents.

BASBuilding Automation System

Building Exterior Gross Area (Gross Area)Building exterior gross area is the sum of the floor areas on all levels of a building that are totally enclosed withinthe building envelope. Building exterior gross area includes facility interior gross area, exterior walls, major verticalpenetrations, void areas and interior parking space.

CADComputer Aided Design

CAFMComputer Aided Facility Management

CAM chargesCommon Area Maintenance charges

Categories of MovesBox moves (employees moved to existing workspaces) * No furniture moved, no new wiring or telecommunicationsystems required. Files and supplies moved

Furniture moves (workstation/furniture moves) * Reconfiguration of existing furniture and/or furniture moved orpurchased. Minimal telecommunication reconfiguration needed

Construction moves (moves that require construction) * New walls, new or additional wiring, new telecommunicationsystems or other construction needed to complete the move.

Cleaning Service LevelOrderly Spotlessness (Level 1) - Floor and base moldings are clean and shine. No dirt build-up in corners or alongwalls. All vertical and horizontal surfaces have a freshly cleaned appearance; no accumulation of dust, dirt, marks,streaks, smudges or fingerprints. Washrooms are odor-free and tile gleams; supplies are adequate. Trash containershold only daily waste and are clean and odor-free.

Ordinary Tidiness (Level 2) - Floor and base moldings are clean and shine. No dirt build-up in corners or along walls,but there may be up to two days worth of dust, dirt, stains or streaks. All vertical and horizontal surfaces are clean,but marks, dust, smudges, and fingerprints are noticeable upon close observation. Washrooms are odor-free and tilegleams; supplies are adequate. Trash containers hold only daily waste and are clean and odor-free.

Casual Inattention (Level 3) - Floors are swept or vacuumed clean but upon close observation reveal stains. Abuild-up of dirt and/or floor finish in corners and along walls can be seen. There are dull spots and/or mattedcarpet in halls and corridors. Base molding is dull and dingy with streaks or splashes. All vertical and horizontalsurfaces have conspicuous dust, dirt, smudges, fingerprints and marks. Trash containers hold only daily waste andare clean and odor-free.

Moderate Dinginess (Level 4) - Floors are swept or vacuumed clean, but are dull, dingy and stained. There is anoticeable build-up of dirt and/or floor finish in corners and along walls. There us a dull path and/or obviouslymatted carpet in halls and corridors. Base molding is dull and dingy with streaks and splashes. All vertical andhorizontal surfaces have conspicuous dust, dirt, smudges, fingerprints and marks. Trash containers smell sour.

Unkempt Neglect (Level 5) - Floors and carpets are dull, dirty, dingy, scuffed, and/or matted. There is conspicuousbuild-up of old dirt and/or floor finish in corners and along walls. Base molding is dirty, stained, and streaked. Allvertical and horizontal surfaces have major accumulations of dust, dirt, smudges and fingerprints. Trash containersoverflow, are stained and smell sour. (APPA’s Custodial Staffing Guidelines for Educational Facilities, second edition)

DEFINITIONS FOR BENCHMARKS V REPORT



CMMSComputerized Maintenance Management System

Cost of OperationsAnnual cost of operation includes the total costs associated with the day-to-day operation of a facility. It includes allmaintenance and repair costs (both fixed and variable), administrative costs (clerical, time-keeping, general supervision),labor costs, janitorial, housekeeping and other cleaning costs, utility costs and indirect costs, i.e. all costs associatedwith roadways and grounds.

Cost of Providing the Fixed AssetThe sum of all the annual business capital costs and charges not related to the facility’s operation. Capital costs, capitalleasehold improvements, taxes, insurance, depreciation, interest expense charges are included. It does not include leasecosts, project or support costs.

FacilityAn environment which is built, installed or established to serve a work-related purpose.

Facility Operating Current Replacement Value (CRV) IndexThis indicator represents the level of funding provided for the stewardship responsibility of an organization’s capitalassets. The indicator is expressed as a ratio of annual facility maintenance operating expenditure to CurrentReplacement Value (CRV). (Asset Lifecycle Model for Total Cost of Ownership Management, 2005)

Facility ManagementFacility management is a profession that encompasses multiple disciplines to ensure functionality of the built environmentby integrating people, place process and technology.

Facility Rentable Area (Rentable Area)As defined in ASTM 1836-01, building exterior gross area minus exterior walls, major vertical penetrations, interiorparking space and void areas is facility rentable area.

Full-time EquivalentThe operational and supervisory “person year” headcount that delivers a facility service on an annual, full-time basis,calculated on a 40-hour work week (2080 hours/year).

Gross Square Foot (GSF)Basis used for utility calculations.

Interior Parking SpaceThe space used for vehicular parking space that is totally enclosed within the (occupied) building envelope.

LeasesNet lease - Base rent plus tenant pays directly a share of real estate taxes.

Gross lease - one payment in which owner has included estimated cost of operations.

Triple-net lease - base rent plus tenant pays expenses related to on-going operation of facility.

Major Vertical PenetrationsMajor vertical penetrations include stairs, elevator shafts, utility tunnels, flues, pipe shafts, vertical ducts andtheir enclosing walls.

MeanSee definition for average. Mean and average are used interchangeably and the interpretation is the same.

MedianThe middle value in a range of responses is the median. One-half of all respondents will be below this value, whileone-half will have a higher value. The median is also known as the 50th percentile. The advantage in using themedian is that it is not affected as much by extreme highs or lows in the range of values as is the case with the mean.


Multi-UseUsed in this report to describe facilities with two or more primary uses, such as a single site that encompassesheadquarter offices as well as production or research facilities.

NN is the number of cases supplying the data being described. It is important to note the size of the sample for the valueyou are comparing.

PercentileIndicates dispersion of data and a specific percentile identifies where a value lies in relation to other values in a rangeof responses. The 25th percentile is the lower one-fourth point in the range of values in the group. The 50th percentile,also referred to as the median, represents a value of which one-half of the group falls below and one-half falls above.The median is not affected by extreme high or low values whereas the mean could be distorted.

Preventive MaintenancePlanned actions undertaken to retain an item at a specified level of performance by providing repetitive scheduledtasks which prolong system operation and a useful life; i.e. inspection, cleaning, lubrication, part replacement.(Cotts, Lee, 1992)

Project ManagementProject management is the process of planning, organizing, and managing tasks and resources to accomplisha well-defined objective, usually within constraints on time, resources, or cost.

Rentable Square Foot (RSF)Basis for most benchmark calculations.

Repair MaintenanceWork that is performed to put equipment back in service after a failure, to extend life of the equipment, or tomake its operation more efficient. (Armstrong, 1996)

Site PopulationThe number of full- and part-time employees, contract workers and/or tenants located at the facility(ies.)

WorkstationAny type of space designated for occupant usage, either an open or an enclosed area, where an occupantcan be seated.

Void AreasRooms that are more than one story in height. Void areas exist on upper floors, such as atriums, light wells or lobbies.



S E C T I O N 1

DESCRIPTION OF FACILITIES

Industries Represented

Facility UseFacility Description

Location of FacilityFacilities by Region

Facility Age and SettingFacility Setting

OwnershipOverall Ownership

Owned vs. Leased by Facility

Number of OccupantsDays and Hours of Operation


Industries RepresentedEach year IFMA strives to increase participation in its benchmarking studies. More data allows for bettercomparison. This year’s sample was broad in that more than 1,000 organizations shared their facility data withIFMA. To classify the information provided, each respondent chose from a list of 33 broad industry categories.If the data was provided by a third–party, such as a facility management contractor, the client’s industry wasprovided. IFMA verifies each survey by checking the respondent’s Web site to confirm the right industry categorywas selected. The table below shows a breakdown of each industry category and how many are in each category.Please note that several similar industries are grouped together, but they are represented as one industry categorythroughout the report. The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) provided data on 487 facilities, whichexplains the large sample size for federal government facilities.


INDUSTRY TYPE INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION NUMBER OFCASES (N)

Services Sector 225

Banking Consumer, Commercial, Savings, Credit Unions 34

Health Care Health Care 14

Hospitality Hotel, Restaurants, Hospitality–related 10

Information Services Data Processing, Information Services, E–Commerce 22

Insurance Health, Life, Auto, Mutual, Casualty, Flood 37

Investment Services Securities and Investment Services 24

Media Entertainment, Media, Broadcasting, Publishing 13

Professional ServicesLaw, Accounting, Consulting, Engineering,Architecture

25

Telecommunications Telecommunication Services 5

Trade Wholesale, Retail 17

Transportation Transportation, Freight 6

Utilities Energy–related Utilities 18

Manufacturing Sector 138

Aircraft/Industrial Aircraft, Industrial Equipment 16

Building/Construction Building, Construction Materials 5

Chemical/Pharmaceutical Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Biotech 16

Consumer Products Food, Paper or related 19

Computer Computer Hardware or Software 32

Electronics Electronics, Telecommunications Equipment 21

Energy Energy–related, Mining or Distribution 6

Medical Equipment Medical Equipment 14

Motor Vehicles Motor Vehicles 9

Institutional Sector 657

Association Association, Society, Federation 10

Cultural Cultural Institutions 7

Education Higher Education, K–12 31

Federal Federal Government 510

State/Provincial State/Provincial Government 14

City/County City/County Government 60

Special District/Quasi–Government

Special Districts, Transportation Authorities,Improvement Districts, Quasi–Government

9

Religious Religious, Charitable 16



Facility UseIFMA members manage avariety of facilities. This surveyclassified buildings into 21different facility types which areused consistently throughout thisreport. By far, corporateheadquarters is the most commontype of facility managed by thisgroup of respondents. This year’sstudy included several newcategories including conventioncenters, recreational facilities,theatres and a general categoryfor transportation. Because ofthe inclusion of GSA’s largeportfolio, the number ofheadquarters facilities andcourthouses were larger thanin previous IFMA reports.

FACILITY USE FACILITY DESCRIPTIONNUMBEROF CASES

(N)

Headquarters Headquarters with offices and workstations 455

Non–HQ Non–Headquarter Offices, Regional Offices 230

Courthouse Courthouse 127

Multi–UseA combination of space, but no single typeof space dominates more than 50 percent.

39

Research Center Research, Laboratory 28

Educational/Training Center

Education, Training, Classrooms 28

Factory Factory, Plant 27

Call Center Call Center 18

Data Center Data, Computer Center, Switch Facility 10

Museum Museum, Arboretum, Gallery, Library 9

Hospital Hospital, Hospice, Surgical Center 7

Clinic Clinic 6

Multi–Residential Dormitory, Retirement Housing, Apartments 5

Warehouse Warehouse, Storage, Distribution Center 5

Retail – Branch Branch Location 5

Recreational Recreation Center, Golf Course 4

Correctional Jail, Prison 4

Religious Church, Mosque, Synagogue 4

Convention Center Convention Center, Exhibit Hall, Hotel 2

Arena Arena, Theatre, Auditorium 2

Transportation Airport, Rail, Bus Station 1

TOTAL 1,016

14%

9%

5%

Multiple buildingsin one location

Multiple buildingsin multiple locations

Space within a building

Single building

N=1,031

72%

Facility DescriptionThe majority of respondents provided data on a single–use building which was what the survey requested.A smaller percent, 14 percent, provided data for a campus site. Most campus sites housed either two or threebuildings. Five percent reported on space contained within a building, usually leased.


Location of FacilityAlmost every state and province in the United States and Canada is represented in this year’s sample.Reference the map below to see the actual count.

5

3

30

14

99

64

6

6

2

28

923

15

22 0

11

30

5

1

32

33

2923

1430

38

156972

9 1218

1611

361536

2916

51

11

2615

11

7

8 629

1022

3419

(Washington, D.C.)

Hawaii4

5

Facilities by RegionIn addition to industry and facility use,many of the costs in this report are brokenout regionally. The chart to the rightprovides a category label for each regionand lists the states within each region.The groupings in the United States arecategorized based upon zip code. Forexample, the region labeled “Mountain”is composed of states in which the zipcode begins with the number “8.”


REGION N % OFSAMPLE

Canada (AB, BC, ON, QC, SK) 21 2%

New England (CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, VT, RI) 81 8%

Northeast (DE, NY, PA) 66 6%

Mid–Atlantic (DC, MD, NC, SC, VA, WV) 130 12%

Southeast (AL, FL, GA, MS, TN) 107 10%

Midwest (IN, KY, MI, OH) 96 9%

North Central (IA, MN, MT, ND, SD, WI) 99 10%

Heartland (IL, KS, MO, NE) 88 9%

South Central (AR, LA, OK, TX) 102 10%

Mountain (AZ, CO, ID, NM, NV, UT, WY) 89 9%

Pacific (AK, CA, HI, OR, WA) 152 15%


Facility Age and SettingOne of the emerging facility trends IFMA has been tracking is the maintenance and replacement issuesassociated with aging buildings. Facility managers are faced with the largest collection of aging buildingstock ever encountered. The average age of the facilities in this data set is 33 years.

Facility SettingThe amount of space and land that a facility requires has an impact on where it is situated. Research centers andfactories are more likely found in either suburban or industrial parks whereas courthouses and arenas are locatedin downtown locations.


N=1,019

4%

13%

7% 8%

14%

28%

23%

3%

5<Years

5-10Years

11-15Years

16-20Years

21-30Years

31-50Years

51-100Years

>100Years

40%

Suburban Area

19%

24%

4%13%

Industrial Park

Rural

Central BusinessDistrict

Secondary DowntownLocation

N=539



Ownership

Overall Ownership

A large proportion of the respondents manage facilities that are owner occupied, 81percent.

Owned vs. Leased by Facility

81%

12%7%

N=1,030

Owner Occupied Leased Combination

N=1,029

C

10% 86%

91%

75% 13% 12%

4%

7%

42% 14% 44%

Space within abuilding

Single building

Multiple buildingsin one location

Multiple buildingsin multiple locations


O

2%



Number of OccupantsSpace per person and cost per person stats are derived by dividing area and costs by site population, i.e.,the total number of full–time, part–time and contract workers who occupy space. Recognizing that this numberfluctuates throughout the year, respondents provided an average for a 12–month period.

Days and Hours of OperationFacilities that operate full time (24/7) consume larger amounts of energy such as electricity and gas. They alsorequire additional cleaning. Hospitals, call centers, correctional and residential facilities are more apt to fit thisheavy user category due to their extended hours of operation.

Mean=1,684Median=500Range=6-50,000

C

501-1,000

101-500

100 or lessMore than 2,500

1,001-2,500

37%15%

18%

16% 14%

FACILITY USE NHOURS/

DAYSHIFTS/

DAYDAYS/WEEK

% HEATED/COOLED

Headquarters 231 16 2 6 97%

Non–HQ 94 16 2 6 97%

Research Center 26 20 2 7 97%

Educational/TrainingCenter

26 18 2 7 91%

Factory 26 19 2 6 86%

Call Center 16 21 3 7 100%

Courthouse 12 12 2 6 97%

Multi–Use 11 18 2 6 98%

Data Center 10 21 3 7 95%

Museum 9 19 2 7 94%

Correctional 7 21 3 7 98%

Hospital 6 24 3 7 98%

Clinic 6 16 1 6 98%

Multi–Residential 5 24 3 7 100%

Retail – Branch 5 16 2 6 100%

Warehouse 4 21 2 6 82%

Recreational 4 18 3 7 91%

Religious 3 15 2 7 85%

TOTAL 501 17 2 6 96%


S E C T I O N 2

SIZE OF FACILITIES ANDSQUARE FOOTAGE PER OCCUPANT

Building Exterior Gross Area (Gross)Owned vs. Leased by Size of Facility

Facility Rentable Area (Rentable)Owned vs. Leased by Size of Facility

Gross and Rentable byIndustry Type and Facility Use

Square Footage per Occupant


Building Exterior Gross Area (Gross)Building exterior gross area (Gross or GSF) feet is the larger of the two area measurement used in this report.Gross is used as the denominator for cost per square for utility costs. Survey respondents were asked toprovide gross feet using IFMA’s measurement standard, ASTM E–1836–01. This standard defines buildingexterior gross area as the sum of the floor areas on all levels of a building that are totally enclosed withinthe building. It includes facility interior gross area, exterior walls, major vertical penetrations, void areasand interior parking space.

PERCENTILE GROSS SQUARE FEET

99 5,005,131

95 1,659,205

90 1,001,200

75 428,234

50 153,326

25 63,268

10 28,000

5 13,319

1 5,944

MEAN 483,245

100,001-200,000 GSF

100,000 or less GSF

More than1,000,000 GSF

500,001-1,000,000 GSF

200,001-500,000 GSF

21%

20%

13%10%

36%

2

84% 13% 3%

78% 18%

85% 11% 4%

4%

80% 10%

69% 26%

10%

5%


C

100,000 or less

100,001–200,000

200,001–500,000

500,001–1,000,000

More than 1,000,000

N=1,028

Owned vs. Leased by Size of Facility

SIZE OF FACILITIES AND SQUARE FOOTAGEPER OCCUPANT


Facility Rentable Area (Rentable)Rentable area is defined as gross area minus exterior walls, major vertical penetrations, interior parking spaceand void areas such as atriums and lobbies. Despite the name, the term rentable does not pertain to leasedspace. The term rentable is used throughout this report, as the majority of annual costs are divided by therentable square feet (RSF) supplied by each respondent.

PERCENTILE RENTABLE SQUARE FEET

99 4,155,615

95 1,466,609

90 900,163

75 373,671

50 139,405

25 55,531

10 24,588

5 12,266

1 5,590

MEAN 422,759

N=1,028

100,001-200,000 RSF

200,001- 500,000 RSF

100,000or less RSF

More than1,000,000 RSF

500,001-1,000,000 RSF

C

20%

41%

20%

11%8%


C

68% 31%1%

84%

79%

83%

78%

13% 3%

16% 5%

13% 4%

10% 12%

100,000 or less

100,001–200,000

200,001–500,000

500,001–1,000,000

More than 1,000,000

Owned vs. Leased by Size of Facility



Gross and Rentable by Industry Type

INDUSTRY TYPE N GROSS SQ. FT. RENTABLE SQ. FT.

MEAN MEDIAN MEAN MEDIAN

Banking 33 444,585 123,082 356,774 113,113

Health Care 14 1,232,351 367,833 1,087,409 335,313

Hospitality 10 613,587 317,399 457,660 310,873

Information Services 22 218,398 115,000 200,091 108,000

Insurance 37 703,109 375,865 605,579 325,000

Investment Services 24 553,482 426,000 559,400 355,390

Media 13 251,417 144,000 221,483 125,000

Professional Services 25 193,535 100,000 178,684 89,888

Telecommunications 5 1,238,913 198,000 1,177,256 190,000

Trade 17 652,324 350,000 571,250 254,649

Transportation 6 117,686 82,024 104,887 77,911

Utilities 18 518,811 295,094 458,549 269,384

Aircraft/Industrial 16 1,023,906 371,000 937,358 364,000

Building/Construction 5 5,102,155 985,780 4,629,463 914,558

Chemical/Pharmaceutical 16 368,914 233,099 352,566 211,236

Computer 31 478,030 204,150 424,612 172,500

Consumer Products 18 720,082 557,975 654,009 523,069

Electronics 21 453,061 230,000 431,246 215,000

Energy 6 1,232,976 1,164,525 865,282 851,373

Medical Equipment 14 333,502 282,718 307,126 270,010

Motor Vehicles 9 1,329,013 750,000 1,273,295 740,000

Association 10 146,650 132,500 133,500 124,500

City/County 60 270,198 125,595 238,206 105,700

Cultural 7 1,868,921 120,000 1,550,626 110,000

Education 31 1,414,023 350,000 1,159,643 283,373

Federal 508 245,507 119,424 214,571 101,191

Religious 16 470,285 149,346 360,087 120,500

Research 9 919,006 165,000 652,594 160,000

Special District/Quasi–Government

9 3,937,060 620,854 3,710,981 560,756

State/Provincial 14 909,685 222,500 828,916 217,500

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Gross and Rentable by Facility Use

FACILITY USE N GROSS SQ. FT. RENTABLE SQ. FT.


Headquarters 451 494,642 180,232 442,077 160,000

Non–HQ 230 301,507 131,267 262,727 109,200

Courthouse 127 207,332 128,672 177,224 106,342

Multi–Use 39 635,106 126,333 587,436 110,742

Research Center 28 487,222 138,000 391,407 126,272


28 1,555,015 507,151 1,281,642 450,000

Factory 27 1,715,476 351,300 1,562,980 351,000

Call Center 18 111,074 73,826 103,043 70,500

Hospital 10 613,587 317,399 457,660 310,873

Data Center 10 165,765 82,500 145,161 75,000

Museum 9 1,464,583 120,000 1,213,077 110,000

Correctional 7 354,188 300,735 289,321 264,807

Clinic 6 149,932 102,977 135,338 85,493

Multi–Residential 5 350,000 255,034 300,000 223,927

Retail – Branch 5 80,620 33,500 67,864 31,000

Warehouse 4 1,041,676 57,353 790,039 55,078

Recreational 3 90,000 77,833 80,000 72,333





Headquarters 227 406 376 367 330

Non–HQ 88 409 337 362 313

Research Center 22 579 562 537 535


22 241 192 221 165

Factory 18 514 441 490 423

Call Center 17 190 148 148 145

Multi–Use 10 460 410 404 362

Courthouse 9 693 677 672 594

Data Center 7 496 464 453 400

Hospital 6 475 388 408 333

Museum 4 910 871 684 678

Clinic 4 590 585 515 489

Retail – Branch 4 577 571 507 501

Correctional 3 416 330 317 288

Recreational 3 267 225 249 200

PERCENTILE SQ. FT. PER OCCUPANT

GROSS RENTABLE

99 1,042 1,005

95 858 825

90 729 682

75 517 471

50 372 333

25 265 242

10 185 165

5 129 121

1 30 29

MEAN 415 379

Square Footage Per Occupant



Square Footage Per Occupant



Banking 28 415 402 361 348

Health Care 11 467 383 410 356

Hospitality 8 313 302 276 273

Information Services 18 379 307 352 276

Insurance 34 320 308 280 273

Investment Services 22 346 327 337 315

Media 12 358 303 308 267

Professional Services 25 367 336 358 304

Telecommunications 4 274 213 254 208

Trade 15 354 294 298 272

Transportation 6 203 204 187 183

Utilities 17 534 452 522 426

Aircraft/Industrial 14 405 392 366 377

Chemical/Pharmaceutical 14 478 487 450 457

Computer 28 393 383 366 368

Consumer Products 18 424 432 280 393

Electronics 19 502 500 474 460

Energy 5 576 608 402 314

Medical Equipment 11 319 280 291 245

Motor Vehicles 7 577 577 562 557

Association 7 365 333 327 308

City/County 42 483 444 414 344

Cultural 4 696 860 434 422

Education 26 268 214 247 165

Federal 19 509 478 460 400

Religious 12 498 500 328 299

Research 9 682 660 589 596

Special District/Quasi-Government

8 590 574 491 466

State/Provincial 13 450 394 412 385

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Janitorial CostsJanitorial Staffing

Maintenance CostsMaintenance CategoriesRoads and Grounds Costs

Facility Operating Current Replacement Value (CRV) Index

Utility CostsUtility Consumption

S E C T I O N 3

COST OF OPERATIONS


Janitorial CostsJanitorial costs are costs associated with the cleaningof offices, other work areas, restrooms and commonsupport space. These include wages, benefits, staffsupport, supervision, administration, supplies, papergoods and non–capital equipment. A large portionof these annual janitorial costs is the contract serviceproviders’ costs. Respondents who lease were asked toinclude costs associated with any supplemental cleaningservices provided by landlord. Janitorial costs increasedby a percentage point when compared to 2005 data.

PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $3.96

95 $3.05

90 $2.18

75 $1.61

50 $1.15

25 $0.84

10 $0.49

5 $0.24

1 $0.06

MEAN $1.30

N=472

FACILITY USE N $/RSF

Headquarters 433 $1.47

Non–HQ 221 $1.41

Courthouse 127 $1.60

Multi–Use 38 $1.43

Factory 27 $1.07

Research Center 25 $1.49


25 $1.43

Call Center 18 $1.65

Data Center 9 $0.81

Museum 8 $1.63

Correctional 6 $1.36

Clinic 6 $1.78

Retail – Branch 5 $1.29

Multi–Residential 5 $1.06

Hospital 4 $2.91

Warehouse 4 $0.40

INDUSTRY N $/RSF

Banking 21 $1.50

Health Care 11 $2.19

Hospitality 9 $1.28

Information Services 19 $1.12

Insurance 33 $1.33

Investment Services 22 $1.18

Media 13 $0.88

Professional Services 22 $1.14

Telecommunications 5 $1.18

Trade 16 $1.29

Transportation 6 $1.50

Utilities 17 $1.18

Aircraft/Industrial 15 $1.10

Building/Construction 5 $0.75

Chemical/Pharmaceutical 16 $1.11

Computer 30 $1.14

Consumer Products 18 $1.34

Electronics 19 $1.11

Energy 6 $1.02

Medical Equipment 13 $1.16

Motor Vehicles 9 $0.83

Association 9 $1.31

City/County 56 $1.16

Cultural 5 $1.63

Education 26 $1.10

Federal 505 $1.48

Religious 14 $1.31

Research 8 $1.75

Special District/Quasi-Government

8 $1.58

State 11 $1.60

COUNTRY/REGION N $/RSF

Canada 20 C$1.49

New England 76 $1.67

Northeast 62 $1.68

Mid–Atlantic 121 $1.62

Southeast 105 $1.29

Midwest 93 $1.35

North Central 96 $1.58

Heartland 84 $1.44

South Central 95 $1.13

Mountain 82 $1.34

Pacific 138 $1.49

INST

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COST OF OPERATIONS

BE

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Janitorial CostsJanitorial costs were analyzedbased upon labor component,facility age, hours of operationand level of cleanliness.Descriptions for the levelsof cleanliness can be foundin the glossary.

JANITORIAL FUNCTION PERFORMED BY: N $/RSF

In–house staff 81 $1.63

Contracted service 370 $1.25

Both 19 $1.55

FACILITY OPERATED: N $/RSF

5 days per week 186 $1.12



SHIFTS N $/RSF

1 shift per day 148 $1.17

2 shifts per day 70 $1.40

3 shifts per day 80 $1.40

LEVEL OF CLEANLINESS N $/RSF

Orderly spotlessness 146 $1.45

Ordinary tidiness 273 $1.35

Casual inattention 67 $1.06

Moderate dinginess — —

Unkempt neglect — —

AGE N $/RSF

Less than 5 years 33 $1.30

5 – 10 years 131 $1.34

11 – 15 years 75 $1.59

16 – 20 years 72 $1.32

21 – 30 years 131 $1.32

31 – 50 years 269 $1.61

More than 50 years 258 $1.50

OTHER TYPE OF CLEANING N $/RSF

Clean room 38 $0.31

FACILITY SIZE (RSF) IN–HOUSE FTEs CONTRACTED FTEs TOTAL STAFF

Less than 50,000 0.8 1.2 2.0

50,000 – 100,000 0.9 2.6 3.5

100,001 – 250,000 1.0 5.1 6.1

250,001 – 500,000 3.7 7.7 11.4

500,001 – 750,000 5.0 14.8 19.8

750,001 – 1,000,000 7.1 20.3 27.4

1,000,001 – 1,500,000 12.1 31.1 43.2

1,500,001 – 2,000,000 41.5 26.0 67.5

More than 2,000,000 71.9 46.5 118.4

Janitorial Staffing

COST OF OPERATIONS


Maintenance CostsMaintenance CategoriesThere are a number of activities that are incorporated into maintenance costs. IFMA has consistently used fivedistinct categories which are detailed below. Most facilities are likely to incur costs in the first three categories,external building maintenance; interior systems maintenance; and roads and grounds. The remaining two costcategories, utility system maintenance and process treatment/environmental system maintenance; are costsincurred by manufacturing facilities or large campuses with central plants. Solid waste management systems,found under environmental system maintenance, differ from solid waste disposal. Solid waste removal costsare broken out under environmental costs.

External building maintenance

• Roof• Skin (siding, masonry, sash, glazing, window washing, external doors)• Exterior signage

Interior systems maintenance

• Electrical systems (primary and secondary systems, emergency electrical systems, UPS, lighting systems, egresssignage, master clocks, fire/life safety systems and alarms and remote monitoring, elevator maintenance/repair)

• Mechanical systems (HVAC, chillers, boilers, plumbing, extinguishing systems, back flow prevention,refrigeration and non–process related pumps)

• Building and general maintenance (interior walls, doors, ceilings, partitions and interior finishes, pest control)• Interior signage• Administrative support services—trouble desks

Roads and grounds maintenance

• Roadways, sidewalks, parking lots (paving repairs, sealing, striping, parking, roadway lighting, powerwashing), snow removal, de–icing

• Landscaping (planting, mowing, irrigation)• Parking structures (surface repairs, sealing, striping, lighting and drainage systems)• Storm sewers (catch basins, manholes, sub–surface drainage systems)• Underground fire systems and hydrants

Utility/central system maintenance

• Electrical (generation/distribution)• Mechanical (steam, hot and cold water systems)

Process treatment and environmental systems

• Process cooling water systems• Process gas systems• Air discharge scrubbers• Waste water systems• Water treatment plants• Incinerator operation• Solid waste management system

COST OF OPERATIONS


Maintenance CostsThe maintenance costs detailed below represent expensed maintenance costs, not capitalized improvement costs.The maintenance costs tracked in this survey include all repair, preventive, materials, direct labor and contractcosts. Respondents who manage leased properties provided maintenance costs from common area maintenance(CAM) charges in addition to building operating expenses charged by the landlord or property manager. Theaggregate maintenance cost found under “Total Maintenance” will not necessarily equal the sum of the componentcosts due to the different sample sizes.

PERCENTILE TOTALMAINTENANCE

EXTERNALBUILDING

INTERIORSYSTEMS

ROADSAND

GROUNDS

UTILITY/CENTRALSYSTEM

PROCESSTREATMENT& ENVIRO.SYSTEMS

99 $11.80 $2.50 $8.26 $4.35 $3.94 $1.53

95 $5.90 $1.12 $5.07 $1.31 $1.76 $1.09

90 $4.02 $0.75 $3.66 $0.81 $1.39 $0.66

75 $2.84 $0.26 $2.07 $0.41 $0.53 $0.29

50 $1.64 $0.11 $1.18 $0.14 $0.18 $0.07

25 $1.19 $0.04 $0.58 $0.03 $0.07 $0.03

10 $0.81 $0.02 $0.30 $.001 $0.02 $0.02

5 $0.54 $0.01 $0.19 — $0.01 $0.01

1 $0.19 $0.003 $0.07 — $.007 $.004

MEAN $2.20 $0.27 $1.67 $0.36 $0.45 $0.23

N = 910 366 437 877 117 79

FACILITY USE N TOTALMAINTENANCE

EXTERNALBUILDING

INTERIORSYSTEMS

ROADSAND

GROUNDS

UTILITY/CENTRALSYSTEM

PROCESSTREATMENT& ENVIRO.SYSTEMS

Headquarters 406 $2.10 $0.07 $1.62 $0.16 $0.12 $0.05

Non–HQ 205 $1.91 $0.19 $1.40 $0.32 $0.24 $0.06

Courthouse 125 $1.85 $0.07 $1.59 $0.16 $0.09 $0.03

Multi–Use 39 $1.86 $0.31 $1.33 $0.04 $0.09 $0.01

Research center 24 $3.94 $0.37 $2.86 $0.40 $0.49 $0.27

Factory 20 $2.40 $0.21 $1.36 $0.16 $0.14 $0.14

Call center 16 $2.55 $0.11 $1.53 $0.38 $0.14 —


14 $2.74 $0.35 $1.66 $0.41 $0.42 $0.07

Museum 9 $2.32 $0.30 $1.66 $0.43 $0.21 —

Data center 7 $2.66 $0.20 $1.72 $0.49 — —

Multi–Residential 5 $0.91 $0.28 $1.56 $0.11 — —

Hospital 5 $3.70 $0.40 $2.09 $0.33 $0.53 —

Warehouse 4 $0.75 $0.11 $0.43 $0.15 — —

Clinic 4 $1.73 $0.19 $1.45 $0.03 — —

Correctional 4 $1.77 $0.05 $1.63 $0.06 — —

COST OF OPERATIONS

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Maintenance Costs

REGION N $/RSF

Canada 20 C$2.20


Northeast 55 $2.26


Southeast 99 $1.59

Midwest 90 $1.87


Heartland 77 $1.62


Mountain 73 $1.84

Pacific 112 $2.16

Roads and Grounds CostsAlthough listed as dollar per square foot cost in the previous charts, roads and grounds maintenance are betterrepresented as dollar per developed acre.

PERCENTILE $/DEVELOPED ACRE

99 $22,824

95 $15,449

90 $11,133

75 $5,974

50 $2,956

25 $560

10 $75

5 —

1 —

MEAN $4,426

N=397

FACILITY USE N $/DEVELOPEDACRE

Headquarters 153 $4,722

Non–HQ 84 $4,792

Courthouse 30 $1,128

Factory 19 $4,402

Research Center 20 $5,630


17 $4,756

Call Center 13 $4,943

Museum 6 $7,766

Multi–Use 13 $2,830

Data Center 5 $2,933

Warehouse 5 $1,665

FACILITY USE N $/DEVELOPED ACRE

Single building 229 $4,034

Multiple buildings, one location 102 $4,720

Multiple buildings, multiple sites 53 $5,257

FACILITY SETTING N $/DEVELOPED ACRE

Central business district 46 $4,849

Secondary downtown location 48 $4,811

Suburban area 136 $3,857

Industrial area 46 $3,118

Rural area 14 $2,390

COST OF OPERATIONS

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Facility Operating Current Replacement Value (CRV) IndexThe CRV index represents the level of funding provided for maintaining an organization’s portfolio of capitalassets. The indicator is expressed as a ratio of annual maintenance costs to the facility’s current replacementvalue (CRV). As in previous years, three quarters of the responses fell below the recommended range of twoto four percent, published by the Building Research Board of the National Research Council. As facilities andinfrastructure approach the end of their planned working life, decisions of repair, reuse or replace will beincreasingly faced by building owners and facility managers. To maximize limited repair budgets, oneapproach is to selectively invest in facilities that are most qualified to meet future needs.

PERCENTILE CRV INDEX %

99 11.04%

95 4.31%

90 3.27%

75 2.02%

50 1.10%

25 0.62%

10 0.31%

5 0.20%

1 0.03%

MEAN 1.63%

N=274

COST OF OPERATIONS

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Utility CostsUtility costs are the costs associated with the provision of electrical power, potable water, central heating andcooling and sewage service. Respondents provided annual costs for electricity, fuel oil, natural gas, chilled water,steam, water and sewage. Eighty–seven percent of the respondents provided sewage costs with water, becausethey were not able to separate the two expenses. As with maintenance costs, the aggregate utility cost does notequal the sum of the component costs because of different sample sizes.

$/GSF

PERCENTILE TOTALUTILITIES ELECTRICITY FUEL OIL

#2NATURAL

GAS STEAM WATER SEWER

99 $7.39 $5.54 $0.50 $2.35 $1.47 $0.85 $0.64

95 $5.11 $4.48 $0.25 $1.43 $1.29 $0.41 $0.34

90 $4.01 $3.68 $0.14 $0.83 $1.12 $0.28 $0.20

75 $2.63 $2.59 $0.05 $0.51 $0.88 $0.16 $0.11

50 $2.38 $1.79 $0.01 $0.30 $0.63 $0.09 $0.05

25 $1.53 $1.05 $.005 $0.13 $0.33 $0.05 $0.03

10 $1.16 $0.85 $.002 $0.03 $0.20 $0.03 $0.02

5 $0.70 $0.63 $.001 $0.01 $0.16 $0.02 $0.01

1 $0.26 $0.27 $.0003 $0.006 $0.03 $0.01 $.006

MEAN $2.68 $2.08 $0.05 $0.42 $0.64 $0.13 $0.09

N = 950 859 70 696 90 849 153

$/GSF

FACILITY USE N TOTALUTILITIES ELECTRICITY FUEL OIL

#2NATURAL

GAS STEAM WATER SEWER

Headquarters 412 $2.16 $1.58 $0.05 $0.40 $0.65 $0.13 $0.05

Non–HQ 215 $1.81 $1.38 $0.02 $0.30 $0.52 $0.10 $0.07

Courthouse 124 $1.49 $0.97 $0.03 $0.35 $0.53 $0.10 $0.03

Multi–Use 39 $1.62 $1.21 — $0.28 — $0.11 $0.05

ResearchCenter

23 $4.63 $2.91 $0.03 $1.44 — $0.21 $0.14

Factory 23 $3.01 $2.10 $0.14 $0.44 — $0.20 $0.10


21 $2.52 $1.45 $0.02 $0.35 $1.05 $0.19 $0.10

Call Center 17 $3.04 $2.78 $0.05 $0.32 — $0.15 $0.08

Museum 9 $3.45 $1.97 — $0.55 $0.52 $0.18 —

Hospital 7 $3.34 $2.43 — $0.78 $0.58 $0.23 —

Data Center 6 $4.62 $2.51 $0.05 $0.11 — $0.10 $0.05

Correctional 6 $1.99 $1.12 — $0.21 — $0.12 —

Clinic 5 $2.21 $1.62 — — — $0.12 $0.03

Warehouse 4 $0.97 $0.62 — $0.26 — $0.02 $0.02

COST OF OPERATIONS

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Utility Costs

INDUSTRY N $/GSF

Banking 30 $2.34


Hospitality 9 $2.24


Insurance 31 $1.98


Media 9 $2.29



Trade 16 $2.23


Utilities 16 $2.53



Computer 24 $3.45



Energy 6 $2.12



Association 7 $2.51


Cultural 6 $3.23

Education 24 $2.34

Federal 503 $1.60

Religious 13 $1.99

Research 7 $4.15

Special District/Quasi–Government 9 $2.44

State/Provincial 11 $2.37

COUNTRY/REGION N $/GSF

Canada 20 C$2.48


Northeast 58 $2.78


Southeast 102 $2.73

Midwest 95 $2.59


Heartland 81 $2.30


Mountain 77 $2.59

Pacific 128 $3.20

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Utility ConsumptionOne way to measure utility consumption is to divide units such as kilowatts, gallons and therms by gross square feet.

In addition to measuring units by area, one can also use an Energy Use Index (EUI) which converts to kBtus. Tocompute the EUI for electricity, the number of kilowatts are multiplied by a conversion factor of 3.415 to derivekBtus and divided by gross square footage. To calculate the EUI for natural gas, therms (100 CF) are multipliedby a factor of 100 and divided by gross square feet. When comparing EUI for electricity and gas to 2005data, there is a slight decrease. A possible theory to explain the improved energy efficiency could be theimplementation of lighting improvements and building design and equipment upgrades.

PERCENTILEELECTRICITY FUEL OIL #2 NATURAL GAS WATER SEWER

KWH/GSF GALLONS/GSF THERMS/GSF GALLONS/GSF GALLONS/GSF

99 107 0.39 3.21 85 85

95 55 0.32 1.69 71 55

90 42 0.16 1.09 51 34

75 30 0.03 0.61 30 23

50 19 .007 0.25 15 9

25 13 .001 0.06 2 0.64

10 8 — 0.01 0.04 0.02

5 1 — .006 0.02 0.01

1 0.03 — — — —

MEAN 24 0.04 0.46 20.8 14.6

N= 297 53 225 212 83

PERCENTILE kBTUS/GSF –ELECTRICITY

kBTUS/GSF– GAS

99 312 162

95 188 120

90 142 85

75 103 49

50 67 25

25 47 5

10 29 1

5 5 0.6

1 0.1 0.1

MEAN 81 35

N=296

FACILITY USE N kBTUS/GSF –ELECTRICITY

kBTUS/GSF– GAS

Headquarters 117 75 30

Non–HQ 62 75 28

Courthouse 9 36 27

Multi–Use 8 81 27

Research Center 22 126 64

Factory 16 132 63


19 54 32

Call Center 7 106 10

Data Center 5 152 —

OPERATINGSCHEDULE

N kBTUS/GSF –ELECTRICITY

kBTUS/GSF –GAS

10 hours/day 35 63 28

12 hours/day 55 67 26

14 hours/day 18 77 33

16 hours/day 21 77 34

18 hours/day 11 79 35

24 hours/day 99 106 36

COST OF OPERATIONS

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Environmental Costs

Life and Safety Costs

Emergency and Disaster Planning Costs

Security Costs

S E C T I O N 4

ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTHAND SAFETY


Environmental CostsEnvironmental costs are facility costs associated with providing satisfactory air and water quality as wellas waste removal. Costs also include expenses incurred to ensure regulatory compliance with federal,state/provincial and municipal laws.

ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY

PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $2.24

95 $0.72

90 $0.41

75 $0.22

50 $0.12

25 $0.06

10 $0.03

5 $0.02

1 $.004

MEAN $0.21

N=344

INDUSTRY N $/GSF

Banking 19 $0.17


Hospitality 4 $0.07


Insurance 26 $0.13


Media 9 $0.09



Trade 11 $0.08


Utilities 8 $0.06



Computer 21 $0.30


Education 19 $0.14




Association 7 $0.15


Cultural 6 $0.19

Federal 6 $0.40

Religious 10 $0.06

Research 7 $0.22





Non–HQ 55 $0.13

Factory 19 $0.32



15 $0.15


Museum 8 $0.11

Multi–Use 7 $0.21

Data Center 7 $0.15

Hospital 5 $0.40

Clinic 5 $0.41

Warehouse 4 $0.07

COUNTRY/REGION N $/GSF

Canada 16 C$0.16


Northeast 24 $0.17


Southeast 38 $0.14

Midwest 34 $0.15


Heartland 36 $0.14


Mountain 20 $0.08

Pacific 49 $0.27

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Environmental CostsWhen broken down, solid waste removal is the largest component of environmental costs. Although practicedextensively, recycling is no longer a break even proposition, but it is a large part of many organization’ssustainability efforts.


PERCENTILE MONITORING CONSULTINGFEES

REMEDIAL/ABATEMENT

SOLID WASTEREMOVAL

HAZARDOUSWASTE

REMOVALRECYCLING

99 $0.31 $0.78 $0.90 $0.67 $1.69 $0.30

95 $0.13 $0.40 $0.63 $0.28 $0.46 $0.16

90 $0.10 $0.24 $0.27 $0.20 $0.23 $0.09

75 $0.03 $0.08 $0.10 $0.12 $0.08 $0.05

50 $0.02 $0.03 $0.03 $0.07 $0.02 $0.02

25 $.007 $.007 $0.01 $0.04 $.008 $.009

10 $.003 $.003 $.004 $0.02 $.003 $.002

5 $001 $.002 $.001 $0.01 $.001 $.001

1 — — — $.004 — –$0.07

MEAN $0.03 $0.07 $0.09 $0.11 $0.09 $0.04

N = 165 106 55 269 104 171

FACILITY USE N MONITORING CONSULTINGFEES

REMEDIAL/ABATEMENT

SOLIDWASTE

REMOVAL

HAZARDOUSWASTE

REMOVALRECYCLING

Headquarters 87 $0.03 $0.07 $0.09 $0.15 $0.09 $0.04

Non–HQ 44 $0.03 $0.10 $0.01 $0.08 $0.03 $0.03

Research Center 15 $0.06 $0.05 $0.02 $0.14 $0.21 $0.03

Factory 14 $0.03 $0.09 $0.10 $0.13 $0.17 $0.04


11 $0.05 $0.01 $0.04 $0.06 $0.02 $0.02

Call Center 9 $0.03 — — $0.12 — $0.03

Museum 8 $0.04 $0.01 — $0.19 $0.02 $0.03

Multi–Use 5 $.007 — — $0.13 $0.08 $0.10

Clinic 5 $0.08 $0.07 — $0.16 $0.03 —

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Life and Safety CostsLife and safety costs are those associated with compliance to building regulations required by federal (OSHA),state/provincial and municipal laws to maintain and operate the facility. Examples of life and safety costs includepurchase and maintenance of safety equipment, fire and egress requirements such as signage, exit doors andbuilding alarms/strobes, mandated training, nurses, doctors and emergency medical technician crews. Thesecosts have remained about the same since last reported in IFMA’s Benchmarks IV report.


PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $2.01

95 $0.55

90 $0.40

75 $0.17

50 $0.07

25 $0.03

10 $0.01

5 $.007

1 $.002

MEAN $0.17

N=366

INDUSTRY N $/GSF

Banking 24 $0.08


Hospitality 7 $0.11


Insurance 26 $0.12


Media 7 $0.09

Professional 16 $0.09

Trade 13 $0.08


Utilities 9 $0.07




Computer 24 $0.08




Association 8 $0.10


Cultural 6 $0.27

Education 17 $0.05

Federal 9 $0.27

Religious 11 $0.04

Research 6 $0.23





Non–HQ 67 $0.18

Factory 20 $0.08



12 $0.06


Museum 8 $0.15

Multi–Use 6 $0.07

Data Center 6 $0.11

Courthouse 6 $0.01

Hospital 4 $0.26

Clinic 5 $0.11


Warehouse 4 $0.04

Religious 4 $0.03COUNTRY/REGION N $/RSF

Canada 15 C$0.12


Northeast 20 $0.14


Southeast 35 $0.07

Midwest 41 $0.11


Heartland 35 $0.15


Mountain 22 $0.09

Pacific 54 $0.09

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Emergency and Disaster Planning CostsThe topic of preparedness often brings to mind emergency planning, but it encompasses much more thanmaintaining back–up equipment. Advance planning and preparation help to minimize disruptions and enableoperations to continue. Having witnessed large–scale natural and man–made disasters in recent years, facilitymanagers need to make their facilities more self sufficient in times of emergency, as first responders may not beable to react as quickly and service providers may experience a back log. Emergency planning costs include costsassociated with audits, consulting, back–up equipment and supplies and any training undertaken.


PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $3.47

95 $0.84

90 $0.45

75 $0.16

50 $0.04

25 $.008

10 $.004

5 $.002

1 —

MEAN $0.21

N=253

INDUSTRY N $/RSF

Banking 17 $0.09


Hospitality 5 $0.12


Insurance 21 $0.25


Media 5 $0.03


Utilities 5 $0.02



Computer 15 $0.07





Association 6 $0.06


Cultural 5 $0.06

Education 12 $0.06

Religious 6 $0.02

Research 6 $0.21





Non–HQ 37 $0.03

Factory 13 $0.06



10 $0.03

Call Center 6 $0.03

Museum 6 $0.06

Multi–Use 4 $0.04

Data Center 5 $0.18

Hospital 5 $0.12

Clinic 5 $0.02 COUNTRY/REGION N $/RSF

Canada 12 C$0.05


Northeast 18 $0.04


Southeast 25 $0.07

Midwest 26 $0.08


Heartland 26 $0.07


Mountain 12 $0.06

Pacific 38 $0.05

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Security CostsDespite a decrease in overall crime rates in recent years, certain cities have experienced higher incidence ofviolent and property crimes. Coupled with terrorist strikes in 2001, organizations are seeking out better trainedsecurity officers, often resulting in higher pay. For this report, security costs are costs incurred to protect the facility,its contents and employees or tenants. Respondents provided the cost of direct labor such as outsourced serviceproviders and security equipment maintenance (CCTV, card access, security fence/barriers, security software).Capital equipment or IT protection enhancements were excluded from these costs.


PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $6.44

95 $3.63

90 $2.45

75 $1.39

50 $0.76

25 $0.27

10 $0.05

5 $0.03

1 $0.01

MEAN $1.09

N=684

INDUSTRY N $/GSF

Banking 22 $1.17


Hospitality 9 $0.92


Insurance 34 $0.89


Media 10 $0.43


Trade 13 $0.73

Utilities 8 $1.18



Computer 17 $0.96



Energy 6 $0.74



Association 9 $0.52


Cultural 5 $3.40

Education 14 $0.73

Federal 362 $0.17

Religious 13 $0.58

Research 7 $2.29





Non–HQ 166 $0.43

Courthouse 94 $0.11


Factory 20 $0.60




12 $0.60

Data Center 8 $1.16

Museum 6 $2.65

Hospital 6 $0.92

Clinic 6 $0.46



Canada 18 C$1.04


Northeast 49 $0.54


Southeast 74 $0.52

Midwest 78 $0.57


Heartland 52 $0.66


Mountain 54 $0.69

Pacific 84 $0.78

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Security Costs


SECURITY LEVEL PERCENTAGEOF SAMPLE $/RSF

Informal, no staffed reception or lobby 3% $0.16

Receptionist/lobby, business hours only, with off–site, on–call response 13% $0.38

Staffed/controlled entries and interior cameras with off–site, on–call response 14% $0.54

Staffed/controlled entries and patrols after–hours, remote monitoring 6% $0.59

Staffed/controlled entries, interior patrols, camera monitoring, after–hoursremote monitoring

13% $0.84

24–hour on–site station, interior and exterior patrols, camera monitoring,controlled entries

51% $1.63

FACILITY OPERATED: N $/RSF




FACILITY DESCRIPTION: N $/RSF

Space within a building 30 $0.64

Single building 419 $0.73

Multiple buildings in one location 91 $1.23

Multiple buildings in multiple locations 61 $1.27

FACILITY SETTING: N $/RSF

Central business district 84 $1.24

Secondary downtown location 63 $1.68

Suburban area 157 $1.12

Industrial park 56 $1.14

Rural area 11 $0.60


Types of Projects

Project Costs

Space Planning Costs

FM Information Technology Costs

Employee Amenities

Employee Amenities Costs

S E C T I O N 5

PROJECT AND SUPPORT

PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $13.13

95 $7.84

90 $5.20

75 $1.90

50 $0.67

25 $0.22

10 $0.04

5 $0.01

1 —

MEAN $1.73

N=400



Non–HQ 71 $0.92

Factory 19 $0.93



14 $0.83


Museum 7 $1.65

Multi–Use 8 $1.96

Data Center 7 $2.17

Courthouse 5 $1.27



Canada 12 C$1.29


Northeast 24 $1.88


Southeast 39 $1.42

Midwest 46 $1.33


Heartland 41 $1.59


Mountain 26 $1.68

Pacific 62 $1.50


Types of ProjectsIf you ask facility managers what they like about their work, many will say that no two days are alike. Given theexpansive range of projects facility managers handle, there is always a project underway. Below are five generalcategories into which most facility projects fall. Box and furniture moves are the most common types of projectsand have shown a major increase since last measured in 2004.

PROJECT AND SUPPORT

FACILITY PROJECTS PERCENTAGE

Employee relocations and open office reconfigurations — excluding construction work other thanincidental modifications to power and data (box and furniture moves).

77%

Renovation or reconfiguration of office space involving hard wall demolition and construction.May include HVAC, power distribution, lighting, and communication lines (construction moves).

69%

Security–related projects such as equipment installation, screening devices or construction. 46%

Safety–related and compliance–related projects such as indoor air quality improvements, ingressor egress issues, ADA, fire safety, and other codes and regulations.

44%

Renovation of production and/or distribution space including relocation of production equipmentand storage equipment.

17%

N=398

Project CostsProject costs are (leasehold) improvements or the reconfiguration of existing space to meet new needs orrequirements. Project costs are either expensed or capitalized. The costs captured here are expensed costs.Since organizations differ as to the dollar threshold to capitalize a project, expensed project costs on a squarefoot basis can vary widely.

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Space Planning CostsSpace planning costs include facility planning, furniture management, relocation/migration planning, CAD/CAFM administration as well as other costs such as plotting services, outside architectural services and realestate analysis. The costs captured in this report include in–house labor and service contracts. Although relocationplanning falls into this category, costs associated with actual moves are captured under project costs. Comparedto last year’s Space and Project Management Benchmarks report, these space planning costs are about the same.

PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $3.25

95 $1.69

90 $1.21

75 $0.61

50 $0.29

25 $0.10

10 $0.04

5 $0.02

1 $0.01

MEAN $0.49

N=310

INDUSTRY N $/RSF

Banking 22 $0.62


Hospitality 5 $0.13


Insurance 27 $0.57


Media 7 $0.17


Trade 10 $0.68


Utilities 11 $0.48



Computer 18 $0.42





Association 8 $0.24


Education 13 $0.33

Federal 4 $0.43

Religious 6 $0.14

Research 6 $0.54





Non–HQ 50 $0.63

Factory 17 $0.27



10 $0.24

Call Center 8 $0.28

Hospital 5 $0.44

Multi–Use 7 $0.36

Data Center 5 $0.07


Canada 15 C$0.44


Northeast 20 $0.57


Southeast 32 $0.47

Midwest 38 $0.28


Heartland 37 $0.45


Mountain 21 $0.51

Pacific 45 $0.53

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FM Information Technology CostsThis cost category encompasses a wide range of costs which include the administration, licenses, support andhardware/software upgrades associated with Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computerized MaintenanceManagement Systems (CMMS), Building Automation System (BAS) and project management software.

PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $3.15

95 $1.04

90 $0.47

75 $0.17

50 $0.05

25 $0.01

10 —

5 —

1 —

MEAN $0.22

N=350

INDUSTRY N $/RSF

Banking 23 $0.24


Hospitality 7 $0.18


Insurance 25 $0.10


Media 6 $0.14


Trade 12 $0.02

Utilities 9 $0.07




Energy 5 $0.20

Computer 24 $0.23




Association 7 $0.02


Cultural 4 $0.05

Education 16 $0.20

Federal 5 $0.01

Religious/Charitable 11 $0.08

Research 5 $0.38




Canada 16 C$0.09


Northeast 20 $0.27


Southeast 30 $0.09

Midwest 42 $0.04


Heartland 38 $0.08


Mountain 20 $0.15

Pacific 54 $0.30



Non–HQ 62 $0.06

Factory 21 $0.20



14 $0.07

Call Center 8 $0.05

Museum 6 $0.05

Multi–Use 6 $0.08

Data Center 6 $0.16

Courthouse 5 $0.03

Hospital 5 $0.06

Clinic 5 $0.07



PROJECT AND SUPPORT

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PROJECT AND SUPPORT

Employee AmenitiesTo recruit and retain top talent, organizations offer attractive salary and benefits packages, flextime and otherfamily–friendly benefits; however, providing the right mix of facility amenities plays an important role in keepingcurrent employees happy and encouraging new employees to stick around. Listed below are some of the mostcommon facility amenities offered. Headquarters and educational facilities are more apt to offer the majority ofthese amenities.

AMENITY PERCENTAGEOFFERING AMENITY

Break room, lounge, coffee bars, and/or vending areas 78%

Cafeteria, food service operations 56%

Exercise/fitness areas 42%

Multi–purpose space (training and assembly functions) 35%

ATM 32%

Nursing/lactation areas 27%

Library, resource center 24%

Employee health facilities (nurse station, cot room, health screening) 22%

Outdoor recreation areas (jogging paths, sports courts, exercise park) 19%

Employee store 15%

Travel center 9%

Internet café/stations 8%

Day–care 6%

N=417

FACILITY USE N CAFETERIA BREAK ROOM EXERCISE/FITNESS AREA

Headquarters 92 $0.37 $0.15 $0.05

Non–HQ 29 $0.36 $0.12 $0.05

Factory 10 $0.29 $0.02 $0.01

Employee Amenities CostsIFMA recognizes that the provision of an amenity does not always fall within the facilities budget, but the costto maintain and operate often does. For example, cleaning associated with locker rooms and showers oftenfalls to facilities. Respondents were asked to provide the cost associated with maintaining the amenities listedon the prior page.

PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $4.05

95 $2.71

90 $1.99

75 $1.02

50 $0.31

25 $0.11

10 $0.03

5 $0.02

1 $0.01

MEAN $0.70

N=287

INDUSTRY N $/RSF

Banking 19 $0.50

Health Care 9 $0.70

Hospitality 6 $0.59


Insurance 23 $0.43


Media 6 $0.45


Trade 9 $0.91

Utilities 7 $0.44



Computer 22 $0.42





Association 7 $0.42

City/County Government 8 $0.21

Education 11 $0.11

Religious 8 $0.33


State/Provincial Government 6 $0.07


Canada 11 C$0.16


Northeast 20 $0.27


Southeast 30 $0.09

Midwest 42 $0.04


Heartland 38 $0.08


Mountain 20 $0.15

Pacific 54 $0.30



Non–HQ 42 $0.54

Factory 19 $0.27



7 $0.12


Museum 5 $0.39

Multi–Use 6 $0.25

Data Center 6 $0.60


PROJECT AND SUPPORT

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Lease Type and Costs

Cost of Operations

Cost of Providing the Fixed Asset

Occupancy Cost

Total Annual Facility Costs

S E C T I O N 6

FINANCIAL INDICATORS


Lease Type and CostsTwelve percent of the survey respondents manage leased properties. The majority of the leases reported aretriple–net, where the tenant pays a base rent plus any expenses related to ongoing operation of the facility.Taxes and operating expenses are included in net and gross leases, which explains why these cost more.


PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $72.29

95 $36.90

90 $26.87

75 $21.32

50 $12.95

25 $6.00

10 $1.55

5 $0.51

1 $0.01

MEAN $15.00

N=167

LEASE TYPE N $/RSF

Net lease 19 $17.84

Gross lease 41 $17.10

Triple–net lease 102 $14.15

FACILITY SETTING N $/RSF

Central business district 32 $17.56

Secondary downtown location 42 $14.84

Suburban area 55 $14.04

Industrial park 34 $14.12

The real estate market started to decelerate during the period of time in which this data was collected. With lowerrates of return, owners turned to higher rents and tighter operating controls to maintain income. Based upon theleasing rates listed below, cities in the Midwest show evidence of this downturn compared to other regions.


Canada 9 C$11.06


Northeast 14 $23.76


Southeast 22 $11.24

Midwest 7 $8.42


Heartland 11 $9.22


Mountain 11 $16.05

Pacific 32 $15.42

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Cost of OperationsThe costs highlighted in section three comprise an organization’s cost of operations—housekeeping, maintenanceand utilities. When combined, they constitute a facility’s cost of operations. This is where one starts to see the widevariance in costs associated in operating different facility types and within certain regional areas.


PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $26.14

95 $13.56

90 $10.72

75 $7.24

50 $5.14

25 $4.12

10 $3.42

5 $3.04

1 $1.74

MEAN $7.26

N=867

INDUSTRY N $/RSF

Banking 24 $7.20


Hospitality 9 $8.07


Insurance 27 $6.97


Media 8 $6.49



Trade 14 $5.95

Utilities 9 $6.82



Computer 22 $7.75



Energy 6 $5.46



Association 6 $4.29


Cultural 5 $9.46

Education 17 $5.73

Federal 502 $6.08

Religious 12 $5.60

Research 8 $12.22




Canada 16 C$7.49


Northeast 54 $7.19


Southeast 101 $5.75

Midwest 91 $6.16


Heartland 79 $6.41


Mountain 72 $5.25

Pacific 108 $6.75



Non–HQ 203 $7.47

Courthouse 125 $5.21

Factory 20 $8.38



13 $6.22


Museum 9 $9.32


Data Center 7 $9.15

Hospital 5 $12.75

Clinic 4 $6.93

Warehouse 4 $2.18


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Cost of Providing the Fixed AssetCost of providing the fixed asset is the sum of all annual business capital costs that are not directly relatedto the facility’s operation. This category includes the following: leasehold improvement amortization; assetwrite–off/disposal; taxes on building and contents (not product); insurance including fire, extended and terrorismcoverage; furniture and equipment depreciation charges; and interest expenses related to lease or the purchaseof building assets. Cost of providing the fixed asset does not include the actual purchased capital asset value(capitalization), but it does include capital–related expenses such as demolition for new construction or renovation.These costs are significantly more for facilities serving the private sector than those in the public sector, for manypublic facilities are self–insured and are not taxed.


PERCENTILE $/RSF

99 $26.18

95 $17.60

90 $14.40

75 $9.33

50 $4.76

25 $1.77

10 $0.35

5 $0.10

1 $0.02

MEAN $6.29

N=289

INDUSTRY N $/RSF

Banking 20 $7.06

Health Care 8 $8.68

Hospitality 6 $4.39


Insurance 24 $6.86


Media 9 $4.09


Trade 10 $9.08


Utilities 11 $7.53




Energy 5 $7.10

Computer 18 $4.85




Association 5 $5.31


Education 10 $5.07

Religious 8 $6.33

Research 4 $9.50





Non–HQ 54 $5.85

Factory 16 $4.85



8 $6.28

Call Center 8 $4.17

Hospital 5 $8.07

Multi–Use 8 $4.82

Data Center 6 $4.33


Canada 12 C$6.51


Northeast 19 $6.40


Southeast 30 $6.58

Midwest 30 $5.73


Heartland 29 $6.69


Mountain 14 $5.87

Pacific 42 $7.31

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Occupancy CostOne of the cost metrics frequently used to compare facilities is its occupancy cost. However, occupancy cost hasits shortcomings, because it doesn’t include all of the facility costs. Total annual facility cost, reported on the next,page is more inclusive. Occupancy cost includes cost of operations (maintenance, housekeeping and utilities) andthe cost of providing the fixed asset (insurance, taxes, depreciation, interest expense). In addition to measuringcost on a rentable square foot basis, occupancy costs are provided here on a per occupant basis. Whenexamining costs on a per person basis, one should note the high degree of variance among industries andfacilities. Occupancy cost averages out to be less in facilities with high densities, such as call centers andmore in facilities with fewer occupants such as research labs.


PERCENTILE $/RSF COST PEROCCUPANT

99 $34.26 $19,839

95 $29.03 $12,723

90 $24.48 $10,955

75 $18.42 $7,259

50 $12.03 $3,958

25 $7.80 $2,485

10 $4.80 $1,638

5 $3.83 $1,284

1 $2.41 $311

MEAN $13.69 $5,348

N=244

INDUSTRY N $/RSF COST PEROCCUPANT

Banking 17 $16.58 $6,266

Health Care 5 $20.98 $8,395

Hospitality 5 $12.89 $8,629

InformationServices

13 $9.31 $4,098

Insurance 21 $15.22 $3,746

InvestmentServices

8 $10.44 $5,285

Media 6 $11.09 $3,223

Professional 10 $16.33 $6,086

Trade 9 $14.14 $3,374

Transportation 6 $12.44 $2,105

Utilities 5 $15.64 $5,926

Aircraft/Industrial

9 $12.85 $4,244

Chemical/Pharmaceutical

10 $20.93 $9,291

Computer 14 $13.41 $4,089

ConsumerProducts

12 $18.18 $6,293

Energy 5 $12.60 $4,822

Electronics 11 $13.86 $5,697

MedicalEquipment

10 $12.78 $3,777

Motor Vehicles 4 $10.02 $5,295

Association 5 $10.64 $4,208

City/CountyGovernment

19 $5.21 $1,907

Education 7 $10.87 $4,731

Religious 6 $11.33 $7,980

Research 4 $25.90 $14,338

Special District/Quasi–Govt.

4 $12.01 $6,186

State/ProvincialGovernment

6 $9.54 $2,061

COUNTRY/REGION

N $/RSF COST PEROCCUPANT

Canada 10 C$15.70 $4,647

New England 16 $16.95 $5,620

Northeast 16 $14.10 $5,292

Mid–Atlantic 22 $15.80 $5,542

Southeast 26 $13.73 $5,411

Midwest 27 $13.46 $4,335

North Central 41 $9.17 $3,524

Heartland 27 $14.88 $5,200

South Central 17 $12.99 $5,279

Mountain 12 $13.68 $4,858

Pacific 27 $15.50 $5,528

FACILITY USE N $/RSF COST PEROCCUPANT

Headquarters 120 $14.74 $5,486

Non-HQ 48 $11.52 $3,461

ResearchCenter

14 $20.50 $10,951

Factory 12 $11.28 $4,263


7 $13.19 $4,851

Multi–Use 7 $12.78 $3,742

Call Center 6 $12.63 $1,546

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Total Annual Facility CostThe Benchmarks V survey concludes with a worksheet that aggregates all of the reported annual facility costs.These include: lease cost; cost of operations; cost of providing the fixed asset; environmental health and safetycosts; and project and support costs.


PERCENTILE $/RSF COST PER OCCUPANT

99 $62.21 $17,692

95 $46.07 $14,682

90 $38.56 $12,330

75 $28.23 $9,616

50 $17.63 $5,725

25 $9.35 $3,391

10 $6.32 $1,906

5 $5.33 $1,284

1 $3.54 $294

MEAN $20.61 $6,604

N=407

COUNTRY/REGION

N $/RSF COST PEROCCUPANT

Canada 19 C$16.51 $6,330

New England 25 $22.29 $8,140

Northeast 23 $21.24 $7,139

Mid–Atlantic 38 $22.30 $7,148

Southeast 42 $20.78 $5,946

Midwest 48 $15.67 $5,666

North Central 52 $14.70 $4,874

Heartland 42 $18.18 $6,939

South Central 30 $17.79 $5,445

Mountain 36 $20.88 $6,003

Pacific 52 $22.66 $8,087

FACILITY USE N $/RSF COST PEROCCUPANT

Headquarters 194 $20.24 $6,853

Non–HQ 76 $17.88 $6,184

Factory 21 $17.81 $7,179

Research Center 18 $30.93 $11,644

Call Center 15 $18.46 $2,342


12 $16.72 $3,383

Multi–Use 9 $16.71 $5,373

Data Center 8 $21.11 $11,540

Museum 7 $27.58 $12,001

Courthouse 6 $12.44 $5,917

Hospital 5 $30.40 $8,352

Correctional 5 $7.62 $1,915

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Total Annual Facility CostSeveral industry and facility use categories have exhibited higher than average costs throughout the report.These include research, health care and professional services industries and laboratory and museum facilities.Once again, cost per person varies widely based upon the density of the facility.


INDUSTRY N $/RSF COST PER OCCUPANT

Banking 25 $19.23 $6,547

Health Care 12 $22.10 $9,371

Hospitality 5 $13.44 $5,560

Information Services 20 $20.84 $6,278

Insurance 34 $18.09 $4,779

Investment Services 51 $21.26 $7,420

Media 8 $18.88 $6,424

Professional Services 17 $26.35 $8,757

Telecommunications 5 $31.44 $5,738

Trade 12 $21.53 $4,895

Transportation 5 $18.41 $4,209

Utilities 12 $20.15 $9,387

Aircraft/Industrial 14 $18.98 $5,786

Chemical/Pharmaceutical 11 $25.76 $11,800

Computer 29 $22.61 $6,677

Electronics 14 $21.05 $8,606

Energy 6 $20.88 $6,685

Medical Equipment 12 $21.87 $6,011

Motor Vehicles 7 $12.76 $5,492

Association 7 $20.86 $5,366

City/County 38 $10.38 $2,630

Education 16 $13.45 $3,884

Federal 8 $19.73 $8,330

Religious 11 $14.11 $8,913

Research 7 $27.42 $11,044

Special District/Quasi–Government 8 $15.38 $7,894

State/Provincial 10 $18.83 $5,829

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S E C T I O N 7

PARTICIPANT LIST


3M

7309E21 LLC

Abt Associates

Accor North America

ACF Investment Corporation

Adaptec Inc.

Adobe (2)

ADTRAN Inc.

Affinity Group

AIG Financial Advisors

Alabama SupercomputerAuthority

Albemarle Corporation

Alliance Life

Allstate Insurance

ALM

Altera Corporation

American Academy ofFamily Physicians

American Family Insurance

American General FinancialServices (2)

Augusta National Golf Club

BancTec Inc.

Bayer Technology Services

Bayer Inc.

Baystate Health Inc.

BBDO Windsor

Bentley College

Best Buy

Billy Graham EvangelisticAssociation

Blue Coat Systems Inc.

Boat Owners Association ofthe United States

Boone County National Bank

Boone County Schools

Boston Biomedical ResearchInstitute

Broward County Public School

Bryant University

Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC

Butte County

Cabot Corporation

Cadbury Schweppes

CAE

Cal Farley’s CampusSupport Center

Calvary Church

Campbell’s Soup Company

Capital Health

Capital One

Cargill Inc.

Caribbean Development Bank

Caterpillar Financial ServicesCorporation

CB Richard Ellis (4)

CB Richard Ellis/CarlsonCompanies (3)

CB Richard Ellis/J. D. Power

CB Richard Ellis/The NielsenCompany

Center for Creative Leadership

Center for Families & Children

Central Bank

CH2M Hill

Charles River Laboratories

Chevron (3)

Church & Dwight Co. Inc.

Citrix Systems Inc. (6)

City and County of Denver

City of Carrollton

City of Commerce City

City of Corpus Christi

City of Lancaster

City of Loveland

City of Mesa

City of Ontario

City of Orlando (2)

City of Phoenix

City of Winston Salem

Clay County, Missouri

Coblentz Patch Duffy & Bass

Coconino County Sheriff’s Office

Coldwater Creek

College of American Pathologists

Colorado Springs Utilities (2)

Concur Technologies

Cooper Hewitt NationalDesign Museum

Corporate One FederalCredit Union

Country Insurance & Investments

County of Jackson Michigan

County of San Diego (11)

County of Sonoma

The following is a list of organizations that participated in the Space and Project Management BenchmarksSurvey. This report would not have been possible without their cooperation and information. Multiple reportsfrom a participant are indicated by parentheses and number (#).

PARTICIPANT LIST


County of Tulare, ResourceManagement Agency

Coventry Health Care (3)

Credit Union Central of Ontario

Cross Country AutomotiveServices (2)

Crowley Maritime Corporation

Cushman & Wakefield Inc. (4)

Cutter & Buck Inc.

DBRS Limited

Dell Inc. (3)

Delphi

Department of Justice/Drug

Enforcement Agency Departmentof National Defense – CSE

Devon Energy Corporation

DeVry University

Dewberry (2)

Directorate of Public Works

Discover Financial Services

DMS Facility Services

Dole Food Company Inc.

Dollar General Corporation

Don Tech

Donald Danforth PlantScience Center

DTE Energy

Eagle Realty Group LLC

Eaton Corporation (2)

Efi/Vutek

Eiteljorg Museum of AmericanIndians and Western Art

Emerson Process Management

EMI Christian Music Group

Emprise Bank

EMS Technologies

Energy Solutions Arena

Enterprise Rent–A–Car Companyof Boston Inc.

Erie Insurance

Esco Technologies Inc

Ethicon Endo–Surgery Inc.

Facility Engineering Associates Inc.

Factset Research Systems Inc.

Family Life

Fanuc Robotics

Federal Deposit InsuranceCorporation (3)

Federal Reserve Bankof Cleveland

Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas

Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City

FHG Enterprises Inc.

Fifth Third Bank

Fiserv – Summit InformationSystems

Fiserv Health

Fiserv NE ITI Outsourcing

Fisher–Price Inc.

Florida Gulf Coast University

Fluor Corporation

Foremost Farms USA

Fort Pierce Utilities Authority

Fort Vancouver Regional Library

Franklin Templeton Investments

Frasca International Inc.

Freddie Mac

GE Healthcare

General Dynamics

General Mills Inc.

General Motors WorldwideFacilities Group

Gentex Corporation

Georgia Institute of Technology

Georgia Power Company

God’s Pantry Food Bank

Goodmans Interior Structures

Grand Rapids Dominican Sisters

Granite Telecommunications LLC

Greater Buffalo Savings Bank

GreenStone FCS

Grogan Associates

Grubb & Ellis ManagementServices for Aetna Life (2)

H & R Block

Hallmark Cards

Hamilton County FacilitiesDepartment (5)

Hancock Bank

Harkins Theatre

Hartford Life Insurance Company

Hastings Mutual InsuranceCompany

Hawaii Convention Center

HCA

HCA – IT&S

HD Supply

Health Partners

Hennepin County PropertyServices (19)

Henry Schein Practice Solutions

Hewlett Packard FinancialServices Company

Hillsborough County Fire Rescue

Hilton Hotels Corporation

Hines Interests LP

Hoag Hospital

HOK Advance Strategies

PARTICIPANT LIST


Honeywell International

Automation and ControlSolutions

Hope Community Charter School

Hutchinson Technology Inc.

I M S Health

Idaho Power Company

Idearc Media

IEEE

IMS Health Canada

Infinera Corporation

Info USA

Information Technology Inc.

Inspire Pharmaceuticals

Institute of Contemporary Art

Intematix Corporation

Inter–American DevelopmentBank (2)

Internal Revenue Service

Internap Network Services

International Monetary Fund

Invensys Controls

J. J. Keller & Associates Inc.

Janus Capital Group

Jenny Craig Inc.

Jewelry Television

Jewish Community Campus ofGreater Kansas City Inc.

Johns Hopkins University AppliedPhysics Lab

Johns Hopkins University Schoolof Medicine

Jones Lang LaSalle

Jones Lang LaSalle – HSBC

Juniper Networks Inc.

Kaiser Permanente

Key Bank N. A.

KIA Motors America

Kimberly–Clark Corporation (2)

Kiplinger Washington Editors Inc.

Koch Industries Inc.

Lakewood RanchCommercial Realty

Lawrence LivermoreNational Laboratory

Lazydays RV Center Inc.

Lebanon Community Schools

Lee County Government

Lehi UT Facilities ManagementGroup – LDS Church

Lexicon Pharmaceuticals

LexisNexis

Lexmark International

Lincoln Financial Group (2)

Lockheed Martin

Lockheed Martin Canada

Lockheed Martin S&GS

Lockheed Martin Space SystemsCompany

Los Angeles County Metropolitan

Transit Authority

Luxottica Retail

M. C. Dean Inc.

Macatawa Bank

Manulife Financial

Maritz Canada Inc.

Maritz Inc.

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary

Massachusetts Water ResourcesAuthority

Maxygen

MBank

McFarland Clinic PC

McKinstry–Weyerhaeuser

McLean County

MDS Pharma Services

Medarex Inc.

Medco Health Solutions Inc.

Medtronic Inc. (3)

Miami University

MidAmerican Energy

Millipore Corporation

Minntech Corporation

Missouri Department ofTransportation

MITRE

Montgomery College Office of IT

Mutual of America Life Insurance

Mutual of Enumclaw

NAI Isaac

NAIC

National Association of Letter

Carriers Health Benefit Plan

National Flood Services Inc.

National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration

Navy Federal Credit Union

Nebraska Public Power District

Neighborhood Centers Inc.

Nestle Purina Pet Care Company

Network Solutions

New Mexico Student Loans

New York City Bar

Nixon Peabody LLP

North Texas Tollway Authority

Northern Indiana Public ServiceCompany

PARTICIPANT LIST


Northern Tool & Equipment

Northrop Grumman Corporation

Northrup Grumman MissionSystems (2)

Nova Information Systems (2)

Novellus Systems Inc.

Novozymes

NTN Buzztime Inc.

Nutter McClennen & Fish LLP

NuUnion Credit Union

Nyce Payments Network LLC

Oak Ridge National Laboratory,UT–Battelle LLC

Ohio Attorney General’s Office

Ohio Department of NaturalResources

Ohio Housing Finance Agency

ON Semiconductor

Orange County Convention Center

Pacira

Park Wilshire HOA

Parker Hannifin Corporation

Pearson (3)

Penn National Insurance

Pennsylvania Public School

Employees Retirement System

Perdue Farms Inc.

Pfizer Inc.

PFM Services

Philips Medical Systems (3)

Phoenix Technologies Ltd.

Physicians Mutual InsuranceCompany

Pica Management Resources Inc.

Pierce County Library System

Planned Parenthood Federation

Polycom Inc.

PPG Industries Inc.

Precision Computer Systems Inc.

Prince William County

Princess Cruises

Process Group Inc.

Proskauer Rose

Protective Life InsuranceCompany

PSE&G

PSEG Services Corporation

Q Center

Raven Industries Inc.

Raytheon Company (2)

Raytheon Missile Systems

RBC Dain Rauscher

Recreational Equipment Inc.

Region of Waterloo

Rockwell Automation

Rothenberg Sawasy Architects

Round Rock HigherEducation Center

Roush Fenway Racing

Roy Jorgensen Associates

Sacramento MunicipalUtilities District

Safeguard Storage Centers

Saint Louis Art Museum

Sallie Mae Inc. (2)

San Diego Gas & ElectricCompany (5)

SAS

Saskatoon Health Region

Sciworks

Scottish Re

Sears Holdings ManagementCorporation

SelanderRoyal Ltd.

Sentinel Elementary School Dist. 71

SG2

Sharp Microelectronics of theAmericas

Shell Oil Company/Shell RealEstate Services

Shure Inc.

Siemens Medical SolutionsDiagnostics

Sifton Properties Ltd.

Simon Fraser University

Smithsonian Institution (2)

Sojitz

Solano County

Space Coast Credit Union

Spartanburg County

Spectrum Health

Spherion Corporation

Spillman Technologies

Springville City

Sprint

SSIHM

SSOE Inc.

ST Microelectronics

St. John Fisher College

St. Joseph’s Villa of Rochester

Starbucks Coffee Company

State Farm Insurance Company (2)

State of Nebraska/Dept. ofHealth & Human Services

State of Washington

Summit Credit Union

PARTICIPANT LIST


Sun City Hilton Head CommunityAssociation

Tampa Electric Company

Target (3)

TaylorMade–Adidas Golf Company

Telcordia

Teradyne Inc.

Texas Guaranteed StudentLoan Corporation

The Bishop’s School

The Capital Group Companies, Inc.

The Church of Jesus Christ ofLatter–Day Saints

The Commonwealth ofMassachusetts

The Cumis Group Ltd.

The Dow Chemical Company

The GeorgeWashington University

The Hartford

The Merrick Printing Company Inc.

The Morton Arboretum

The O’Malley Group

The Perri Group

The PNC Financial Services Group

The Stride Rite Corporation

The Vanguard Group

The Westminster Schools

The Zoological Societyof San Diego

Thomson–West

Thrivent Financial for Lutherans

T–Mobile

Town of Apex

Traverse City Golf & Country Club

Travis Credit Union

Tucson Airport Authority

Tyco Electronics (2)

U of S Students’ Union

U. S. Bank Corporate Properties

U. S. Bank CorporateReal Estate

U. S. Central Federal Credit Union

U. S. Embassy

U. S. General ServicesAdministration (487)

U. S. Geological Survey

U. S. GovernmentAccountability Office

UNICCO/Simmons College

Unilever Foods North America

Uniq Advantages Ventures

United Properties

United Space Alliance

University of Alberta

University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

University of Iowa, TippieCollege of Business

University of Maryland Baltimore

University of Nebraska Foundation

University of Texas at San Antonio

UnumProvident

URS

USAA Corporate Real Estate (2)

USERS Incorporated

UTMB

Valeo Technical Center

Van Andel Institute

Vedder, Price, Kaufman& Kammholz, P. C.

Ventana Medical Systems Inc.

Verio Inc.

Verizon

Verizon Wireless

Via Christi Wichita Health Network

Victor Valley College

Vineyard Church of Columbus

Virginia Credit Union

Vision Service Plan

Vocollect Inc.

Washington State Departmentof Health

Washington–CentervillePublic Library

Websense

Wencor, Inc.

WesCorp

West Corporation

Williams Northwest PipelineCorporation

Workers’ CompensationBoard of BC

World Bank

WPS Health Insurance

Wycliffe Bible Translators

Xerox Corporation

X–Gen Pharmaceuticals Inc.

XP Systems

Zimmer Spine

PARTICIPANT LIST

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

DATABASE IS AVAILABLE FOR FURTHER ANALYSISThe information contained in this report has been voluntarily supplied by IFMA members and is available inits entirety. Participant names and organizations are not included in the database, but a separate listing ofcontact information is available with the purchase of the database. The database is available in Microsoft Excel.Cost varies based upon membership status and participation in the study. For more information, contactIFMA at +1-713-623-4362.

Participant Non-ParticipantMember US $500.00 US $1,000.00Non-Member US $750.00 US $1,500.00

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Please contact IFMA headquarters for:• Forming benchmarking consortiums • Information from existing IFMA reference sources• Custom research studies • Additional copies of IFMA research publications• Facility management books and publications • Permission for material reproduction, quotation or use

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